2024年高考英语易错题 阅读理解：词义猜测题4大陷阱（教师版新高考专用）

易错点16阅读理解词义猜测题

易错陷阱1：词义/词组指代易混易错点。

【分析】

这类题错误主要因为基础词汇量积累和词根词缀积累不足，根据构词法猜词是阅读理解必不

可少的能力。平时应当大量积累单词，同时利用前后的同位关系或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。

易错陷阱2：代词指代猜测易混易错点。

【分析】阅读材料中的每个词与它前面的词语或句子甚至段落都有着密切的关联。有时代词与

指代的对象相隔较远，应当对前面提到的内容进行总结，认真查找，才能得出代词所指代的事。

易错陷阱3：句意猜测易混易错点。

【分析】此类题型应当定位画线句子，充分利用语法和逻辑关系分析原句。同时分析理解画线

句前后的语境，合理归纳总结找出与原句意思相同的选项并代入画线处验证。切不可因为句中

出现熟词，而脱离语境，望文生义。

三9

【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点

【例1］（湖南省常德市临澧一中2023-2024学年高三阶段试题）

SheprogrammedanIBM7030Stretchcomputer,providingfastercalculationsforan

accurateEarthmodel.ThisdetailedmathematicalmodeloftheshapeoftheEarthwas

abuildingblockforwhatwouldbecometheGPSorbit.

Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“abuildingblock“inparagraph5mean?

A.Abasicpart.B.Adetailedmap.

C.Abuildingmaterial.D.Amajorobstacle.

易错分析：脱离语境，只记得熟词意思误选C,应根据for之后句意及上句的意思判断熟词生

【答案】A

【解析】词句猜测题。划线词句前文“SheprogrammedanIBM7030Stretchcomputer,providing

fastercalculationsforanaccurateEarthmodel.（她编写了一台IBM7030Stretch计算

机，为精确的地球模型提供了更快的计算。）”说明这个数学模型是GPS的基础，从而推知划线

词句“（这个关于地球形状的详细数学模型是GPS轨道的abuildingblock。）”其中划线短语

应为“基石”的意思，与A项同义。故选A项。

【变式1】（吉林省长春市第二实验中学2023-2024学年高三试题）

Alistenerwhoseheadisinsome“sweetspot“hearshigh-qualitysound.Butas

onegelsfartherfromthesweetspot,thesounddiminishes.That'sbecausesoundwaves

fromdifferentloudspeakersinteracttocancelouteachother'ssound.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminishes“inparagraph4probablymean?

A.Becomeslower.B.Travelsfaster.

C.Getssweeter.D.Soundsnicer.

易错分析：不能看出画线部分词根中mini含义“微型，袖珍的”，且未能关注上句but前后两

句话之间的转折意义是错误主要原因。

【答案】A

【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文内容以及后句"That'sbecausesoundwavesfromdifferent

loudspeakersinteracttocancelouteachother'ssound.（这是因为来自不同扬声器的

声波相互作用，相互抵消对方的声音）”可知，这种技术是通过降噪处理消除对别人的干扰，

因此推断划线句句意：但当你远离最佳点时，声音就会减弱。故判断该词义为“声音变小”。

故选Ao

【变式2］（湖北省高中名校联盟2023-2024学年高三联合测评试题）

Actually,untilherpregnancyQuarleshadbeenlivingatbreakneckspeed.Itwent

sountillastyear."Iwasexhausted,“shesays."I'dbeenworkingthreejobs,doing

mycharityandgoingnonstop.Iwasafraidmymentalhealthwasgettingworse.

Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“breakneck“underlinedinparagraph2?

A.Safeandslow.B.Fastanddangerous.

C.Excitingandterrifying.D.Gentleandcomfortable.

易错分析：受break的熟词词义影响，脱离语境误选A。根据Actually的逻辑转折意义，及下

文引述的话可推知逻辑含义。

【答案】B

【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一段"AliciaQuarleshasherhandsfullthesedays-both

ofthem,atallhoursofthedayandnight.（这些天艾丽西亚•夸尔斯忙得不可开交----

无论是白天还是晚上）”及划线词下文“"Iwasexhausted,shesays."I'dbeenworking

threejobs,doingmycharityandgoingnonstop.Iwasafraidmymentalhealthwasgetting

worse."（“我筋疲力尽，”她说。“我一直在做三份工作，做慈善，不停地工作。我担心我的

心理健康状况会越来越差。可知，夸尔斯工作繁忙，生活速度非常快，以至于筋疲力尽。

由此推知，划线词breakneck与Fastanddangerous（快速危险）意思接近。故选B。

【变式3］（广东省揭阳市普宁市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）

Inearly2021,Ihitarutinmystudies.AsadoctoralcandidateattheUniversity

ofChicagoinIllinois,Iworkedtodesignsafer,moreeffectivematerialsforvaccine

delivery.AlthoughIhadbeenproductiveearlyinmygraduatecareer,mylonghours

andhardworkwerenolongertranslatingintosuccessinthelaboratory,andIfelt

hopelessaboutachievingmygoals.Somethinghadtochange.

Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“hitarut“inparagraph1mean?

A.Stoppedprogressingsmoothly.B.Hadveryslowreactions.

C.Acceptedhardwork'svalue.D.Overcameabigproblem.

【答案】A

【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“AlthoughIhadbeenproductiveearlyinmygraduate

career,mylonghoursandhardworkwerenolongertranslatingintosuccessinthe

laboratory,andIfelthopelessaboutachievingmygoals.Somethinghadtochange.（虽

然我在研究生生涯的早期很有成效，但我的长时间和辛勤工作不再转化为实验室的成功，我对

实现自己的目标感到绝望。有些事情必须改变。）”可知，我在学业上遇到了瓶颈，所以划线部

分的短语是停止顺利进行的意思。故选A项。

【易错点提醒二】代词指代猜测易混易错点

【例2】（安徽省皖江名校联盟2023年高三联考）

Thecreatorsofthewallhopeitwillbringanurgentlyneededsolutiontothethreats

facingtheAfricancontinent,creating10millionjobsinruralareas,aswellas

preventing250milliontonsofcarbon.TheinitiativeisAfrica-driven,whichforthose

onthecontinent,isvital,andmayholdthekeytosuccess."TheGreatGreenWall…is

aboutownership,andthathasbeenthefailureofdevelopmentaidbecausepeoplewere

neveridentifiedwithit,“saidElvisPaulTangam,AfricanUnionCommissionerforthe

SaharaandSahelGreatGreenWallInitiative."Butthistimetheyidentify.Thisis

theverythingofus!”

Whatdoes"us"underlinedinParagraph3referto?

A.AfricanUnions.B.AHadvocates.C.Landowners.D.AllAfricans.

易错分析：本题容易脱离话题，主观臆断。不可烦躁，浮于表面，应严密查找上文语句和词语

之间的逻辑联系「

【答案】D

【导语】词句猜测题。根据第三段“TheinitiativeisAfrica-driven,whichforthoseon

thecontinent,isvital,andmayholdthekeytosuccess.（这一倡议是非洲驱动的，对

非洲大陆的人来说至关重要，可能是成功的关键）”以及“"TheGreatGreenWall---isabout

ownership,andthathasbeenthefailureofdevelopmentaidbecausepeoplewerenever

identifiedwithit,“saidElvisPaulTangam,AfricanUnionCommissionerfortheSahara

andSahelGreatGreenWallInitiative."Butthistimetheyidentify.Thisisthevery

thingofus!"（“绿色长城……是关于所有权的问题，而这正是发展援助的失败之处，因为

人们从未认同它，"非洲联盟撒哈拉和萨赫勒绿色长城倡议专员埃尔维斯•保罗•坦加姆说。

“但这一次他们认同了。这就是我们的本性！）”可知，此处的us指“所有的非洲人”。故选D

项。

【变式2］（湖南省常德市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）

RegulatorylimitsforhowmuchPFASfoodpackagingshouldcontaincanvarygreatly.

Forinstance,anewlawinCaliforniasetthelimitatlessthan100ppm."Compared

toAmerica,Denmarksetsamuchlowerregulatorylimitof20ppmwithgreatsuccess,“

saidXeniaTrier,anexpertattheEuropeanEnvironmentAgency."Itdoesworktoset

limitsandenforcethem.PFASdomigratefromthepaperintothefood.Eventhoughit

wasnot100%,westillsawconsiderabletransmission.Ingeneral,transmissionfrom

packagingtofoodisincreasedasthetemperatureofthefoodrises.Itisthesame

withthetimespentinwrappingmaterials."TriertoldNBS,oneofthemajorAmerican

mass-mediacompanies.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it”refertoinparagraph4?

A.Considerablemigrationofgreaseandwater.

B.PFAStransmissionfrompackagingtofood.

C.Wrapperexposuretohighfoodtemperature.

D.Regulatorylimitsconcerningfoodpackaging.

【答案】B

【解析】词句猜测题。根据第四段“PFASdomigratefromthepaperintothefood.Eventhough

itwasnot100%,westillsawconsiderabletransmission.（PFAS确实从纸张转移到了食品

中。尽管它不是100%,但我们仍然看到了相当大的传播）”可知，句中it指代上文提及的“PFAS

从纸张转移到食品中”。故选B。

【变式3］（2023年全国高三专项练习）

Attheendofeachday,theparticipantsshowedhighactivityinabrainareacalled

themidbrain.Thescientistswereinterestedintwo,smallareaswithinit.Bothareas

producedopamine,achemicalthatisimportantincravingandrewards.Thetwoareas

activatedwhenhungryparticipantssawpicturesoftastypizzaorjuicyhamburgers.

Afterthevolunteershadbeenisolated,thosebrainareasbecameactivewhentheysaw

socialactivitiestheymissed.Itmightbeplayingsportsorchattingwithfriends.

Whatdoestheunderlined"it”inparagraph3referto?

A.Amidbrainarea.B.Asocialactivity.C.Avolunteer.

D.Ahamburger.

【答案】B

【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三自然段uAfterthevolunteershadbeenisolated,thosebrain

areasbecameactivewhentheysawsocialactivitiestheymissed.Itmightbeplaying

sportsorchattingwithfriends.（在志愿者被隔离后，当他们看到自己错过的社交活动时，

这些大脑区域就会变得活跃。可能是做运动或和朋友聊天）”可知，代词正指代的是前文中让

大脑会变得活跃的socialactivities之一。故选B项。

【易错点提醒三】句意猜测易混易错点

［例3］（山东省曲阜师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年质量检测）

Realrichesconsistofwell-developedandheartycapacities（能力）toenjoy

life.Mostpeoplearealreadyswamped（淹没）withthings.Theyeat,wear,goandtalk

toomuch.Theyliveintoobigahousewithtoomanyrooms,yettheirhouseoflife

isahut.

Theunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphprobablyimpliesthat

A.howevermateriallyrich,theyneverseemtobesatisfied

B.howevermateriallyrich,theyremainspirituallypoor

C.thoughtheirhouseisbig,theypreferasimplelife

D.thoughtheirhouseisbig,itseemstobeacage

易错分析：拘泥于字面意思，易误选c、D,应根据上句，理解深层含义。

【答案】B

【解析】词句猜测题。根据上文“Mostpeoplearealreadyswamped（淹没）withthings.They

eat,wear,goandtalktoomuch.（大多数人已经被事情淹没了。他们吃得太多，穿得太多，

去得太多，说得太多）”可推知，大多数人有耽于生活中物质的东西和琐碎的东西，比如吃穿和

闲聊，由此推知，尽管他们物质丰富，但实际精神生活匮乏，这正是划线句表达的意思，与B

项uhowevermateriallyrich,theyremainspirituallypoor（无论物质上多么富裕,他们

精神上仍然贫乏）”同义。故选B项。

【变式1］（浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三适应性试题）

Lastyear,afterawinterofpracticingskiingonthegreentracksforbeginners

eachweek,Aliciawasfrench-fryingherwaydownbluesandevenattemptedherfirst

black.Thatmonthalsowitnessedmevisitingthemountainmoretimesthaninthe15

yearscombinedandI'vegotmyselfapartnerforlife.

Whatdoesthefatherimplybysaying"I'vegotmyselfapartnerforlife."?

A.Itisrewardingtolearnnewskills.B.Skiinghasbecomehislifelonghobby.

C.Hewillexploremorewithhisdaughter.D.Hisdaughterwillaccompanyhim

forever.

【答案】C

【解析】句意猜测题。根据第二段^Watchingyourkidslearnnewskillsisextraordinarily

rewarding,butI'veexperiencedmorepersonalgrowththanIhaveatanyotherpoint

inmylife."（看着你的孩子学习新技能是非常值得的，但我经历的个人成长比我生命中其他

任何时候都要多。）以及划线句前“Lastyear,afterawinterofpracticingskiingonthe

greentracksforbeginnerseachweek,Aliciawasfrench-fryingherwaydownbluesand

evenattemptedherfirstblack.Thatmonthalsowitnessedmevisitingthemountainmore

timesthaninthe15yearscombined”（去年，艾丽西亚在为初学者准备的绿色雪道上练

习了一个冬天的滑雪之后，她在蓝色中级雪道一路摸索，甚至尝试了她的第一个黑色钻石雪道。

那个月我去山上的次数比过去15年的总和还多）可知，孩子在探索的同时，我也在探索。所以

划线句的意思是他将和女儿一起探索更多。故选C。

【变式2]（2022年全国高三专练）

Whenyouneedajobverymuch,youmayenduptaking

Ofcourse,youmayseektasksandresponsibilitiesthatforceyoutolearnsomething

newortoworkharder."Youmaybeoperatingonautopilot（习惯性地）rightnow,but

chancesarethatpeopleaboveyouarestressed,“SarahHathornsays."Takethings

offyourboss'splateandlethimknowwhichprojectsortasksyouwanttolearnmore

about.”

Theunderlinedwords“takethingsoffyourboss'splate"mean.

A.drawyourboss'sattentionB.shareyourboss'sburdens

C.giveyourbossusefuladviceD.askyourbossforabetterposition

【答案】B

【分析】词义猜测题。通过文中画线句后文“lethimknowwhichprojectsortasksyouwant

tolearnmoreabout.（让他知道哪些项目或任务你想要多了解一些。）“可知画线部分的意

思是你能与老板分担忧愁，故选B项。

【变式3]（2022•湖北孝感高三模拟）

AssoonasIstartedpedalingagain,mypantsgotcaughtinthechain,andIfell

flatonmyfaceandhitmynose.Sincethathappenedtmygranddaddecidedtocallit

adayandtryagainthenextmorning.ThenextmorningIwokeupbrightandearly,and

wasveryeagertotrytoridemybike.Mynosefeltbetter,soIwasn'tthatafraid

offallinganymore.

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthepassagemean?

A.Rememberwhathappenedthisday.

B.Maketheauthorfeelhappy.

C.Stoppracticingbicycling.

D.Goontorideabike.

【答案】C

【分析】词义猜测题。下文andtryagainthenextmorning.说第二天早晨再尝试，可猜测出

mygranddaddecidedtocallitaday的意思是我的祖父决定暂停,故选C。

三9

1.（2023年全国甲卷）

TerriBoltonisadabhandwhenitcomestoDIY（do-it-yourself）.Skilledatputting

upshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshe

candoherself.

Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand“inparagraph1?

A.Anartist.B.Awinner.C.Aspecialist.D.Apioneer.

【答案】C

【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilledatputtingupshelvesand

piecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.

（她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作）”可推知，此处指Terri

Boltonis是一位DIY高手。C项aAspecialist（一位专业人员）”最接近画线短语“adabhand”

的意思。故选C。

2.（2023年全国乙卷）

Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictories

accidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.

Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.

TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandthe

Incas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievements

mostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthem

backavoice.Whenweconsidercontact（联系）betweenliterateandnon-1iterate

societiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyone

halfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehaveto

readnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation"inparagraph3referto?

A.Problem.B.History.C.Voice.D.Society.

【答案】B

【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文uTheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,

theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeak

tousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:

ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact（联

系）betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-hand

accountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.（力口勒比海的泰诺人、

澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可

以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个

声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料

都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。）”结合划线句^Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthat

conversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.（如果我们要找至U

对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。）”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写

历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也

要读对象。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。

3.（2022年新高考I卷）

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembark

ontheproject,said:"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreative

sessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeople

here.”

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetaking

partintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterest

andcreativeactivities.

Whatdotheunderlinedwordsembarkon“meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate

【答案】c

【解析】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60Penfold

Street,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:"Residentsreallywelcome

theideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefits

andfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”（彭福街60号的额外护理经理WendyWilson

是第一批参与该项目的人之一，她说：“居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待

这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。“）”可知，WendyWilson是着手这项工程的人之一，

也是做这个项目的创始人之一，因此可知，画线处embarkon意为“开始着手做某事”，与C

项“Begin（开始）”含义相近。故选C项。

4.（湖北省部分学校2023-2024学年高三起点试题）

Usingfirst-of-their-kindobservationsfromtheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope,a

UniversityofMinnesotaTwinCities-ledteamlookedmorethan13billionyearsinto

thepasttodiscoveraunique,minusculegalaxycluster（星系团）thatgeneratednew

starsatanextremelyhighrateforitssize.Thegalaxyisoneofthesmallestever

discoveredatthisdistance一around500millionyearsaftertheBigBang一andcould

helpastronomerslearnmoreaboutgalaxiesthatwerepresentshortlyaftertheuniverse

cameintoexistence.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“minuscule“inparagraph1mean?

A.Extremelysmall.B.Remarkablydark.

C.Especiallyremote.D.Quitecomplicated.

【答案】A

【解析】词句猜测题。根据首段中的“Thegalaxyisoneofthesmallesteverdiscovered

atthisdistance一around500millionyearsaftertheBigBang一andcouldhelp

astronomerslearnmoreaboutgalaxiesthatwerepresentshortlyaftertheuniverse

cameintoexistence.（这个星系是在宇宙大爆炸后大约5亿年发现的最小星系之一，可以帮

助天文学家更多地了解宇宙形成后不久出现的星系。）”可知，本句是对该句前的galaxyclus

ter（星系团）进行进一步的解释，由此可知，划线单词是对新发现的galaxycluster进行修饰，

由此可以推断，划线单词的意思与“Extremelysmall（极小的）”意义有关。故选A项。

5.（贵州省六盘水市2023-2024学年高三诊断性检测题）

ButOreosdon'tattractyouwithtastealone;scentshaveahugeimpactonthe

eatingexperience.WhenyoubiteintoanOreo,chemicalsinthecookiereleaseodor

antsintotheairinsideyourmouth.Thesescentsflowtoyournasalcavity（鼻腔），

wheretheyinteractwithsmellreceptors（感受器）andenteryourbrain'sdecoding（解

码）process.Yourbrainislikelytofindthosesmellsdelightful,saysCharlesSpence,

aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUK'sUniversityofOxford.Spencesays

chocolateandvanillaaretwooftheworld?smostlikedsmells.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they"inthefourthparagraphreferto?

A.Chocolates.B.Chemicals.C.Cookies.D.Scents.

【答案】D

【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段中“scentshaveahugeimpactontheeatingexperience.

WhenyoubiteintoanOreo,chemicalsinthecookiereleaseodorantsintotheairinside

yourmouth.Thesescentsflowtoyournasalcavity（鼻腔）（气味对饮食体验有着巨大的

影响。当你咬一口奥利奥时，饼干中的化学物质会将气味释放到你嘴里的空气中。这些气味会

进入你的鼻腔）”，可知，下文划线they指代的是scents。故选D。

6.（福建省厦门集美中学2023-2024学年高三10月试卷）

“Let'stakeabreak,“partwaythroughthemeeting,mybossstood,saying."Ineed

morecoffee."Ipickedupmyemptycup."Ido,too,"Isaid,andhandedittohim

acrossthetable."Thanks,“Iadded,lookingathimexpectantly.Thebosswasstaggered

foramoment,andthentookthecupfromme.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“staggered“meaninthesixthparagraph?

A.Amused.B.Shocked.

C.Depressed.D.Excited.

【答案】B

【解析】词句猜测题。根据前文“‘Ido,too,'Isaid,andhandedittohimacrossthe

table.Thanks,?Iadded,lookingathimexpectantly.（"我也是。"我说着，隔着桌

子递给了他。“谢谢。”我补充道，期待地看着他。）”可知，老板没想到作者会让自己去倒咖

啡，这使他很震惊。所以划线词staggered为“震惊的”之意，与shocked意思相近。故选B。

7.（安徽省合肥市第一中学2023-2024学年高三质检试题）

Ifthetestisalreadyset,thebestwaytoprepareforitiswithabatteryof

activitiesthatmostcloselylooklikethetestitself.AndsoastheBigStandardized

Testshavespread,publishershavecrankedoutvarietiesofcoachingworkbooksthat

areallcollectionsofshortexcerptsaccompaniedbyasetofmultiplechoicequestions.

Insteadofteachingstudentshowtoreadawholebook,weteachthemhowtotakea

standardizedtest.

Whichofthefollowingcanreplacethephrase“crankedout“inparagraph4?

A.chargedB.canceledC.changedD.Produced

【答案】D

【解析】词句猜测题。根据第四段的“Ifthetestisalreadyset,thebestwaytoprepare

foritiswithabatteryofactivitiesthatmostcloselylooklikethetestitself.

AndsoastheBigStandardizedTestshavespread（如果考试已经定下来了，最好的准备

方法就是安排一系列最接近考试本身的活动。因此，随着大型标准化考试的普及）”可知，出版

商为了满足学生的考试需求，会推出各种各样的指导练习册，即学生有需求，书商就会大量出

版，因此crankedout与produced同义。故选Do

8.（福建省政和县第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）

Bennett,57,heldonthrough60tomorrows,farlongerthananypreviouspatient

who'dreceivedaheartfromanotherspecies.Hisremarkablerunofferednewhopethat

suchprocedures,knownasxenotransplantation（异种移植），couldhelprelievethe

shortageofreplacementorgans,savingthousandsofliveseachyear.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"run”inparagraph2referto?

A.Donatinghishearttoapatient.

B.Performingtheheartoperation.

C.Livingfor60daysaftertheoperation.

D.Receivinganewheartfromapig.

【答案】C

【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中uBennett,57,heldonthrough60tomorrows,farlonger

thananypreviouspatientwho'dreceivedaheartfromanotherspecies.Hisremarkable

runofferednewhopethatsuchprocedures,knownasxenotransplantation,couldhelp

relievetheshortageofreplacementorgans,savingthousandsofliveseachyear.（57

岁的贝内特坚持了60个明天，比以往任何接受过其他物种心脏移植的病人都要长得多。他的出

色表现给人们带来了新的希望，即这种被称为异种移植的手术可以帮助缓解替代器官的短缺，

每年挽救数千人的生命）”可知，Hisremarkable皿指的是上文提到的“57岁的贝内特坚持了

60个明天”，即手术后活了60天。故选C。

9.（福建省厦门双十中学2023-2024学年高三10月试题）

Sincetherewasusuallynotenoughtimeforabystanderpigtobecomeinvolvedin

theheatofaconflict,thoughthisdidoccur,DrNorscialookedatwhathappenedin

thethreeminutesimmediatelyfollowingafight.Sometimes,hefound,thefighters

reconciledwitheachotherontheirown.Themoredistantlyrelatedthefighterswere,

themorefrequentlythishappened.DrNorsciaguessedthatrelationsbetweenclose

relativesaremoresecuretostartwith,sorebuildingfriendlyrelationsrapidlyis

lessnecessaryforthem.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reconciled“probablymeaninparagraph4?

A.Caughtup.B.Keptintouch.C.Madeup.D.Changedintune.

【答案】C

【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Themoredistantlyrelatedthefighterswere,the

morefrequentlythishappened.DrNorsciaguessedthatrelationsbetweencloserelatives

aremoresecuretostartwith,sorebuildingfriendlyrelationsrapidlyislessnecessary

forthem."（打架者的亲缘关系越远，这种情况发生的频率就越高。Norscia博士猜测，近亲

之间的关系一开始就更安全，因此迅速重建友好关系对他们来说就不那么必要了。）可推知，此

处为Norscia博士发现，打架者会自行和解。故可猜测划线单词reconciled为“和解”的意思，

结合选项C项Madeup"和解，和好”意思一致。故选C项。

10.（福建省龙岩第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）

Afterrescuingthelonelyanimal,SamandVerafounditextremelyemotional

tohavetoreleaseherbackoutintothewildtofendforherself—eventhoughthey

knewitwastherightthingtodo.Butafterhavingsuchastrongbondwithananimal,

itwasreallydifficulttoseehergo.Theyhadputsomuchtime,effortandenergy

intoraisingherbuttoseeherwalkinginaherdofblesboksmadeitallworthwhile.

Whichwordcanbestexplaintheunderlinedword"fend”inthelastparagraph?

A.Look.B.Care.

C.Search.D.Hunt.

【答案】B

【解析】词句推测题。根据划线词所在句Afterrescuingthelonelyanimal,SamandVera

founditextremelyemotionaltohavetoreleaseherbackoutintothewildtofendfor

herself一eventhoughtheyknewitwastherightthingtodo.（在拯救了这只孤独的动

物之后，山姆和维拉发现，不得不把她放回野外让她自己fend,这让他们非常激动一一尽管他

们知道这是一件正确的事情。）”，及上下文可知，夫妇俩把一个两周龄的南非白面大羚羊救回

并抚养长大，最终要放归大自然，目的是让它能自己照顾自己，此处fend意为“照看，照料”，

与Care意思相近，故选B项。

11.（河北省衡水市第二中学2023-2024学年高三9月检测试题）

Inthestudy,theresearcherssoughttounderstandhowthebrainusesthisfollowing

informationtoadjustourperceptionofwhatweinitiallyheard.Todothis,they

conductedaseriesofexperimentsinwhichthesubjectslistenedtoisolatedsyllables

andsimilarlysoundingwords.Theirresultsproducedthreeprimaryfindings:The

brain'sprimaryauditorycortex（听觉皮层）issensitivetohowambiguousaspeechsound

isatjust50millisecondsafterthesound'sappearance.Thebrain“replays“previous

speechsoundswhileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationasthe

restofthewordunfolds.Thebrainmakescommitmentstoits“bestguess“ofhowto

interpretthesignalafterabouthalfasecond.

Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thesignal“inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Thepreviousspeechsound.B.Thesimilarlysoundingword.

C.Theunciearlysoundingword.D.Thefollowingspeechsound.

【答案】C

【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Theirresultsproducedthreeprimaryfindings:The

brain'sprimaryauditorycortex（听觉皮层）issensitivetohowambiguousaspeechsound

isatjust50millisecondsafterthesound'sappearance.Thebrain“replays“previous

speechsoundswhileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationasthe

restofthewordunfolds.”可知，他们的研究结果产生了三个主要发现：大脑的初级听觉皮

层在声音出现50毫秒后就对语音的模糊程度很敏感。大脑在解释接下来的声音时“重播”之前

的声音，暗示随着单词的展开重新评估。大脑会在半秒后做出“最佳猜测”来解释发音不清楚

的单词。故划线词意思“发音不清楚的单词”。故选C。

12.（河北省保定市重点高中2023-2024学年高三试题）

Ifyouareofthe“noregrets“schooloflife,youmaythinkthatallthisregret

isarecipeforunhappiness.Butthatisn'tthecase.Lettingyourselfbeoverwhelmed

byregretisindeedbadforyou.Butgoingt