浙江省温州市高三下学期二模英语试题

绝密★启用前温州市普通高中2024届高三第二次适应性考试英语试题卷2024年3月注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inahotel.B.Atthecustoms.C.Inamuseum.2.Fromwheredidthewomangettoknowaboutthejob?A.Anewspaper.B.Anoticeboard.C.Anemploymentagency.3.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Seekinghelp.B.Givingadvice.C.Makingaplaint.4.Whatdoesthemanuseashispassword?A.Hismajor.B.Hisgirlfriend’sname.C.Hisputerbrand.5.Whatisthemanencouragedtodointheconversation?A.Makeacall.B.Enterarace.C.Openashop.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatmightbetherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Friends.C.Businesspartners.7.Whydoesthewomancall?A.Toscheduleanevent.B.Todiscussaproposal.C.Tomakeanappointment.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.Whatdoesthewomanplainabout?A.Thebill.B.Thefood.C.Theservice.9.Whatcanweknowaboutthespaghetti?A.Ithasn’teyet.B.Ithasapoortaste.C.Itischargedextra.听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。10.Whatistheman?A.Ahost.B.Abusinessman.C.Areporter.11.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthecafemarket?A.Itlacksdiversity.B.It’shighlyprofitable.C.It’sfullofopportunities.12.WhatdoestheParisianCafeprovide?A.Auniquecoffeeflavor.B.Interestinginteractions.C.Afamilyatmosphere.13.WhatisknownabouttherabbitsintheParisianCafe?A.Theyfeedoncoffeebeans.B.Theyaremorepeacefulthancats.C.Theyposenorisktocustomers’health.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Academicperformance.B.Schoolapplication.C.Careerplanning.15.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewoman’ssontofocuson?A.Socialactivities.B.Personalinterests.C.Overallability.16.Whatisrequiredintheimportantessay?A.Anoutlookforfuturecareers.B.Plansforscientificexperiments.C.Developmentofsocialprograms.17.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutthetalk?A.Timeconsuming.B.Confusing.C.Informative.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhatisMayrecognizedasinAmerica?A.Afoodfestival.B.Ashoppingseason.C.Acelebratingmonth.19.WhatcanbelearnedaboutAsianAmericansfromthespeaker?A.Theyaregrowingrapidly.B.TheyworkandliveinChinatown.C.TheycontributealottoAmericanliterature.20.WhatwillpeopledoinAsianAmericanandPacificIslanderMonth?A.Shopforfoodonsale.B.TasteAsianspecialties.C.Conductapoliticalelection.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。AArtGalleryofNSW(NewSouthWales)ExhibitionLouiseBourgeois:HastheDayInvadedtheNightorHastheNightInvadedtheDay?25November202328April2024Dayandnight,loveandrage,calmandchaos.EnteraworldofemotionalextremesinthisexhibitionoftheartofLouiseBourgeois,oneofthemostinfluentialartistsofthepastcentury.BorninParisin1911andlivingandworkinginNewYorkuntilherdeathin2010,Bourgeoisiswellknownforherfearlessexplorationofhumanrelationshipsacrossasevendecadecareer.LouiseBourgeois:HastheDayInvadedtheNightorHastheNightInvadedtheDay?revealstheextraordinaryreachandintensityofBourgeois’art,fromunforgettablesculpturesofthe1940stohertoughyettenderweavingworksofthe1990sand2000s.Italsorevealsthepsychologicaltensionsthatpoweredhersearch,throughadramaticpresentationintwocontrastingexhibitionspaces.Movingfromthewelllitroomsof“Day”tothedarkenedareaof“Night”,viewerswillencountermorethan120works,includingmanyneverseenbeforeinAustralia.Ticketscanbebookedonlineviatheexhibitionoreventpageonourwebsite,orinpersonattheweledeskattheArtGallery.Ticketscannotbeexchanged,butifsomethingunexpectedhappensthatpreventsyoufromattending,youcanchangethedateofyourreservationinyourconfirmationemail.1.WhatdoweknowaboutLouiseBourgeois?A.Herartisconservative. B.Shewasanemotionalartist.C.ShewasraisedinParis. D.Herartexploreshumanrelationships.2.Whatdoestheexhibitionfeature?A.Variousthemes. B.Contrastinglayout.C.Intensivecolors. D.Extraordinarypaintings.3.Whatcanyoudoifyoucan’tattendtheexhibition?A.Reschedulethedate. B.Cancelthebooking.CClaimthemoneyback. D.Exchangetheevent.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章详细介绍了即将在新南威尔士州艺术画廊举行的路易斯·布尔乔亚艺术展览的相关信息，包括展览的主题、展期、艺术家介绍、展览内容以及门票预订方式等。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“BorninParisin1911andlivingandworkinginNewYorkuntilherdeathin2010,Bourgeoisiswellknownforherfearlessexplorationofhumanrelationshipsacrossasevendecadecareer.(Bourgeois1911年出生于巴黎，在纽约生活和工作，直到2010年去世。在她70年的职业生涯中，她以对人际关系的大胆探索而闻名。)”和第二段“Italsorevealsthepsychologicaltensionsthatpoweredhersearch,throughadramaticpresentationintwocontrastingexhibitionspaces.(通过两个对比鲜明的展览空间的戏剧性展示，它也揭示了推动她探索的心理紧张。)”可推断，Bourgeois的艺术展示了她对人际关系的探索。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Italsorevealsthepsychologicaltensionsthatpoweredhersearch,throughadramaticpresentationintwocontrastingexhibitionspaces.Movingfromthewelllitroomsof“Day”tothedarkenedareaof“Night”,viewerswillencountermorethan120works,includingmanyneverseenbeforeinAustralia.(通过两个对比鲜明的展览空间的戏剧性展示，它也揭示了推动她探索的心理紧张。从“白天”的明亮房间到“夜晚”的黑暗区域，观众将看到120多件作品，其中包括许多在澳大利亚从未见过的作品。)”可知，本次展览在布局上采用了对比的设计，即“白天”和“夜晚”两个不同主题的展区，形成了鲜明的对比。这种对比布局不仅有助于展示艺术家作品的多样性，还能够凸显出作品之间的张力和冲突，从而增强观众的观展体验。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Ticketscannotbeexchanged,butifsomethingunexpectedhappensthatpreventsyoufromattending,youcanchangethedateofyourreservationinyourconfirmationemail.(门票不能交换，但如果发生意外事件使您无法参加，您可以在确认邮件中更改预订日期。)”可知，如果订票后不能参加展览会，我们可以更改时间。故选A。BDoIthinktheskyisfalling?Sortof.MyhusbandandIwererecentlyinEgypt,wherethetemperaturewasabitwarmformytinyprincessself.So,weleftEgypt.Backhome,mydearestfriendsstruggledwithhealthstuff,withfamilycraziness...Thegameoflifeishard,andalotofusareplayinghurt.IachefortheworldbutnaturallyI’mmostlywatchingtheMeMoviewherebalanceandstrengtharebeginningtofail.Whatcanwedoasthecreakingelevatorofageslowlyarrive?Themainsolutionistogetoutsideeveryday,ideallywithfriends.Oldfriends—eventhoughtsofthem—aremyfort.RecentlyIwaswalkingalongabeachwithNeshama.Wegoback50years.Sheis84,shortandstrong.Everysooften,shebentdownsomewhattentatively(踌躇地)andpickedupsmallitemsintoasmallclothbag.“Whatareyoudoing?”“I’mpickingupmicrolitter.ItrytohelpwhereIcan.”Iremindedherofanoldstory.Agreatwarhorseesuponatinysparrow(麻雀)lyingonitsbackwithitsfeetintheair,eyestightlyshutwitheffort.Thehorseasksitwhatit’sdoing.“I’mtryingtohelpholdbackthedarkness.”Thehorselaughsloudly,“Thatissofunny.Whatdoyouweigh?”Andthesparrowreplies,“Onedoeswhatonecan.”Thisiswhatolderagemeans.Wedowhatwecan.Wecontinuedourwalk.Neshamabenttentativelytopickupbitsoflitterandstartedtoslip,butIcaughtherandwelaughed.Wearesophysicallyvulnerableinolderage,butfriendshipmakesitallarowingmachineforthesoul.Wecantakeit,aslongaswefeelandgivelove,andlaughgentlyatourselvesaswefallapart.Weknowbyacertainagethegreatlieinourlife—ifyoudoorachievethisorthat,youwillbehappyandrich.No.Loveandservicemakeusrich.4.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutherpresentlife?A.Sheleadsabalancedlife. B.Sheenjoysmeetingoldfriends.C.Sheisreallyintomovies. D.Shestruggleswithfamilycrises.5.Whydidtheauthormentionthesparrow?A.ToconfirmNeshama’sfear. B.Toofferherfort.C.TochangeNeshama’smind. D.Toshowherapproval.6.Whatdoestheunderlined“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Physicalweakness. B.Thegreatlie.C.Therowingmachine. D.Thebrokensoul.7.Whatlargelydetermineshappinessinolderageaccordingtotheauthor?A.Achievingimportantlifegoals. B.Enjoyinglifeasyoucan.C.Livingalifeofloveandservice. D.Lovingwhatisbeingdone.【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要描述了作者和丈夫在埃及的经历、与老朋友在海滩上散步的情景，以及通过讲述马和麻雀的故事来表达自己对生活、友情、年龄和努力的看法，强调友情、爱和服务的力量超越物质追求。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Whatcanwedoasthecreakingelevatorofageslowlyarrive?Themainsolutionistogetoutsideeveryday,ideallywithfriends.Oldfriends—eventhoughtsofthem—aremyfort.(随着年龄的电梯慢慢到来，我们能做些什么呢？主要的解决办法是每天出去走走，最好是和朋友一起。老朋友——哪怕只是想起他们——都是我的安慰。)”可知，作者烦恼的时候就想和朋友一起。由此可知，作者喜欢和老朋友见面。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“Andthesparrowreplies,“Onedoeswhatonecan.”(麻雀回答说：“做自己能做的事。”)”以及倒数第二段“Thisiswhatolderagemeans.Wedowhatwecan.(这就是老年的含义。我们做我们能做的。)”可推测出，作者提到麻雀的故事是为了表达作者对于麻雀行为的赞同，作者认为我们做自己能做的就可以了。故选D。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上一句“Wearesophysicallyvulnerableinolderage,butfriendshipmakesitallarowingmachineforthesoul.(上了年纪，我们的身体是如此脆弱，但友谊使它成为灵魂的划船机。)”可知，划线单词“it”所指的是上了年纪后，我们的身体会脆弱。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Weknowbyacertainagethegreatlieinourlife—ifyoudoorachievethisorthat,youwillbehappyandrich.No.Loveandservicemakeusrich.(到了一定的年龄，我们就会知道生活中最大的谎言——如果你做到了或实现了这个或那个，你就会快乐和富有。不。爱和服务使我们富有。)”可知，作者认为幸福不是通过实现重要的人生目标获得的，而是通过爱和服务的生活方式来获得的。故选C。CBonobosoftenformfriendlyrelationshipswithotherbonobosinseparatesocialgroups—thefirsttimethishasbeenseeninnonhumanprimates(灵长类).Thisisinlinewithhumans,butincontrasttochimpanzees,anotherprimate,whichfrequentlykillchimpsinothergroups.Thefindingschallengetheideathathumansevolved(进化)fromviolentapes,saysSurbeckatHarvardUniversity.“Thispotentialtoformcooperativelinksbetweendifferentgroupsisnotuniquelyhumananditmighthaveoccurredearlierthanwethought,”hesays.Manyanimalscooperate,buttheyseemtodosoonlywiththosewithintheirsocialcircle,oringroup.Hostile(敌对的)interactionsbetweengroupsaremonamonganimals,includingchimpanzees,soscientistshaveoftenassumedthathostilitytowardsothersocialgroupsinhumansisnatural,saysSamuni,alsoatHarvard.However,humansalsooftencooperatewithpeopleindifferentsocialcircles,forexample,bytradingorteaching.Bonobosareoneofourclosestlivingrelatives.Theyarelessstudiedthanchimpanzees,butareknowntobemorepeaceful,saysSurbeck.Tolearnmoreaboutinteractionsbetweengroups,SurbeckandSamuniobserved31adultbonobosfromtwosocialgroupsinCongooveratwoyearperiod.Thepairdocumented95encountersbetweenthegroups,whichrepresentedabout20%oftheirtotalobservationtime.Unlikechimpanzeesobservedinpreviousstudies,theyshowedcooperationwithoutgroupmembers.Infact,10%ofallmutualgrooming(梳毛)and6%ofallfoodsharingoccurredamongmembersofdifferentsocialgroups.Whilebonobosthatgroomedothersusuallygotanimmediatebenefit,foodsharingrarelyresultedinagiftinreturn.Thissuggeststhattheiractionswere“notjustmotivatedbyselfishinterestsorimmediaterewards”,SurbeckandSamunireport.Otten,aresearcherfromtheNetherlands,findsthestudy“exciting”,especiallyasit“challengestheideaofhumanexceptionalism”withregardtooutgroupcooperation.Ottensaysthebonobosthatweremostcooperativewithintheirgroupswerethesameonesthatcooperatedmorewithoutgroupmembers.Thisagreeswithfindingsfromhumans.“Scholarsusedtobelievethatingroup‘love’goestogetherwithoutgroup‘hate’,butrecentresearchsuggeststhatofteningroupcooperatorsarealsooutgroupcooperators,”hesays.8.Whatisthefocusofthestudyonbonobos?ATheirsocialbehavior. B.Theirsurvivalskills.C.Theirevolutionaryprocess. D.Theirintelligencelevel.9.Whatcanbelearntaboutthebonobos?A.Theyarehumans’closestrelatives. B.Theycanbetaughttocooperate.C.Theyinteractfriendlybeyondgroups. D.Theysharefoodforimmediaterewards.10.Howwasthestudyconducted?A.Byparingdifferentprimates. B.Byobservingbonobos’interactions.C.Bylistinggroupmembers’motivations. D.Byanalysingstatisticsofpreviousstudies.11.HowdoesOttenfindthestudy?A.Forwardlooking. B.Groundbreaking.C.Controversial. D.Onesided.【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类对倭黑猩猩的社交行为的研究。【8题详解】推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Tolearnmoreaboutinteractionsbetweengroups,SurbeckandSamuniobserved31adultbonobosfromtwosocialgroupsinCongooveratwoyearperiod.(为了更多地了解群体之间的互动，苏贝克和萨穆尼在两年的时间里观察了来自刚果两个社会群体的31只成年倭黑猩猩。)”可知，倭黑猩猩的研究重点是他们的社交行为。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Unlikechimpanzeesobservedinpreviousstudies,theyshowedcooperationwithoutgroupmembers.Infact,10%ofallmutualgroomingand6%ofallfoodsharingoccurredamongmembersofdifferentsocialgroups.(与之前的研究中观察到的黑猩猩不同，它们表现出与群体外成员的合作。事实上，10%的相互梳理和6%的食物分享发生在不同社会群体的成员之间。)”可知，倭黑猩猩在团体之外进行友好的互动。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Tolearnmoreaboutinteractionsbetweengroups,SurbeckandSamuniobserved31adultbonobosfromtwosocialgroupsinCongooveratwoyearperiod.(为了更多地了解群体之间的互动，苏贝克和萨穆尼在两年的时间里观察了来自刚果两个社会群体的31只成年倭黑猩猩。)”可知，这项研究是通过观察倭黑猩猩的互动进行。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Otten,aresearcherfromtheNetherlands,findsthestudy“exciting”,especiallyasit“challengestheideaofhumanexceptionalism”withregardtooutgroupcooperation.Ottensaysthebonobosthatweremostcooperativewithintheirgroupswerethesameonesthatcooperatedmorewithoutgroupmembers.Thisagreeswithfindingsfromhumans.“Scholarsusedtobelievethatingroup‘love’goestogetherwithoutgroup‘hate’,butrecentresearchsuggeststhatofteningroupcooperatorsarealsooutgroupcooperators,”hesays.(来自荷兰的研究人员Otten认为这项研究“令人兴奋”，特别是因为它在群体外合作方面“挑战了人类例外论的观点”。Otten说，在群体内最合作的倭黑猩猩与群体外成员合作得更多。这与人类的研究结果一致。他说:“学者们过去认为，群体内的‘爱’与群体外的‘恨’相伴而生，但最近的研究表明，群体内的合作者往往也是群体外的合作者。”)”可知，Otten认为这项研究是开创性的。故选B。DStudieshaveshownthemereexposureeffect,alsoreferredtoasthefamiliarityprinciple,inspiresourdecisions.Itisahelpfulpsychologicalmechanismthathelpsussustainourenergyandfocusourattentiononotherthings.Gettingusedtonewthingstakeseffortanditcanbeexhausting.Sounlesswehaveaterribleexperience,wearelikelytobuyfrompanieswe’vegotusedto.Thatiswhypaniesspendsomuchmoneyonadvertisingandmarketingandwhyinsurancepaniesopenlychargeexistingcustomersmorethannewones.It’snotthecasethatweonlydesirethingswealreadyknow.Somestudiessuggestwheninvitedtoshareourpreferences,wesometimesseelessfamiliaroptionsasmoredesirable.Butwhenactingonthatpreference,wefallbacktowhatweknow.Thismightexplainwhysometimesthethingswewantandthethingswedodon’tquitematchup.Wemightevenreturntopaniesthattreateduspoorlyinthepastorstayinbadrelationships.It’seasytopaintthefamiliarityprincipleasanenemyorsomethingtobattleasifitissomethingthatholdsusbackfromlivingourdreams.Butthisattitudemightbeoverwhelmingbecauseittendstoencourageustowardbigpicturethinking.Whereweimaginethatchangerequiresasubstantialdramaticswingthatwedon’tfeelreadyfor.Somearticlessuggestthesolutiontofamiliarityfrustrationispleteexposuretonovelty.Whilethiscanappeareffectiveintheshortrun,wemayonlyendupreplacingoneproblemwithanother.Italsorisksoverwhelmandburnout.Sowhatifwecanworkwiththefamiliarityprincipleinstead?Familiarityissomethingwecanlearntoplaywithandenjoy.Itisasettingforcreativityandapathwaytoexpansion.Wecanbroadenthezoneoffamiliaritybitbybit.Ifwethinkoffamiliarityassomethingthatcanexpand,wecanconsiderchangingtheconditionsinandaroundourlivestomakemorespaceforourpreferencestotakerootandgrowgently.Fromhere,wewillstarttomakedecisions,drawingfromaneverdeepeningpoolofvaluableoptions.12.Whatallowsinsurancepaniestochargeoldcustomersmore?A.Theimprovedservice. B.Theadvertisingcost.C.Thefamiliarityprinciple. D.Thelawofthemarket.13Whatcanbelearnedfromparagraph2?A.Ourpreferencesaffectourdecisions.B.Familiaritytendstogeneratedisrespect.C.Thefamiliarityprincipleisadoubleedgedsword.D.Therecanbeamismatchbetweendesiresandactions.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthesolutioninsomearticles?A.Disapproving. B.Tolerant. C.Objective. D.Reserved.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.StepOutOfYourFamiliarityZone B.SpareAThoughtForYourPreferenceC.GentlyExpandYourFamiliarityZone D.GivePriorityToTheMereExposureEffect【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，并提出了一种平衡的观点来看待这个原则，而不是将其视为阻碍，作者建议我们可以通过逐步扩展熟悉区域来利用这一原则来促进创造性和成长。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Studieshaveshownthemereexposureeffect,alsoreferredtoasthefamiliarityprinciple,inspiresourdecisions.Itisahelpfulpsychologicalmechanismthathelpsussustainourenergyandfocusourattentiononotherthings.Gettingusedtonewthingstakeseffortanditcanbeexhausting.Sounlesswehaveaterribleexperience,wearelikelytobuyfrompanieswe'vegotusedto.Thatiswhypaniesspendsomuchmoneyonadvertisingandmarketingandwhyinsurancepaniesopenlychargeexistingcustomersmorethannewones.(研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，并将注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会让人筋疲力尽。因此，除非我们有糟糕的经历，否则我们很可能会从我们已经习惯的公司购买股票。这就是为什么公司在广告和营销上花那么多钱，为什么保险公司公开向现有客户收取比新客户更高的费用。)”可知，熟悉原则让保险公司向老客户收取更多费用。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It’snotthecasethatweonlydesirethingswealreadyknow.Somestudiessuggestwheninvitedtoshareourpreferences,wesometimesseelessfamiliaroptionsasmoredesirable.Butwhenactingonthatpreference,wefallbacktowhatweknow.Thismightexplainwhysometimesthethingswewantandthethingswedodon’tquitematchup.Wemightevenreturntopaniesthattreateduspoorlyinthepastorstayinbadrelationships.(这并不是说我们只想要已知的东西。一些研究表明，当被邀请分享我们的偏好时，我们有时会认为不太熟悉的选择更可取。但当我们按照这种偏好行事时，我们又回到了我们所知道的。这也许可以解释为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配。我们甚至可能回到过去对我们不好的公司，或者保持糟糕的关系。)”可知，本段解释了为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配，也就是说有时候我们的欲望和行动可能不匹配。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Whilethiscanappeareffectiveintheshortrun,wemayonlyendupreplacingoneproblemwithanother.Italsorisksoverwhelmandburnout.(虽然这在短期内看起来是有效的，但我们最终可能只是用一个问题代替另一个问题。它也有让人不堪重负和精疲力竭的风险。)”可知，这段话表明作者对文章中提出的解决方案持反对态度，认为这种解决方案可能只是暂时有效，而且可能带来新的问题和风险。因此，作者的态度是反对的。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Studieshaveshownthemereexposureeffect,alsoreferredtoasthefamiliarityprinciple,inspiresourdecisions.Itisahelpfulpsychologicalmechanismthathelpsussustainourenergyandfocusourattentiononotherthings.Gettingusedtonewthingstakeseffortanditcanbeexhausting.(研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，并将注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会让人筋疲力尽。)”以及最后一段“Wecanbroadenthezoneoffamiliaritybitbybit.Ifwethinkoffamiliarityassomethingthatcanexpand,wecanconsiderchangingtheconditionsinandaroundourlivestomakemorespaceforourpreferencestotakerootandgrowgently.Fromhere,wewillstarttomakedecisions,drawingfromaneverdeepeningpoolofvaluableoptions.(我们可以一点一点地扩大熟悉的范围。如果我们认为熟悉是一种可以扩展的东西，我们可以考虑改变我们生活中的环境，为我们的喜好提供更多的空间，让它生根发芽。从这里开始，我们将从越来越多的有价值的选择中做出决定。)”可知，文章主要讨论了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，以及如何利用这一原则进行创新和拓展。文章强调了我们可以逐步扩大熟悉的范围，通过改变生活中的条件，为我们的偏好提供更多的空间，使其能够生根并温和地成长。因此，选项C“GentlyExpandYourFamiliarityZone”最能概括文章的主题，即鼓励读者在保持熟悉感的同时，逐渐扩展自己的舒适区。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoPlotaShortStoryAgreatshortstorydropsthereaderintoitsworldswiftlyandholdstheirattentionallthewaythrough.____16____Itcanbeassimpleasknowingafewkeymomentsyouwanttoworkyourwaytoward.You’llwindupwiththingsyouneverimaginedatthestart.Followthesestepstoplotyournextstory.Brainstorm.Youdon’tneedtohavemultipleshortstoryideasreadytogoatamoment’snotice.____17____Whenthatideaestoyou,sitdownandfleshitout.Makenoteofanycharacters,settings,orbitsofdialoguethatyousee.____18____Thefoundationsofyourmainconflictorthemeoftenformashortstory’srisingaction.Tocreatetensionandmovement,youmustknowexactlywhatyourcharacterwantsandwhatwouldpreventthemfromgettingit.Conflictscanbeinternalorexternal,soimagineatwhatstagethereaderwillbemeetingyourcharacter.Createabriefoutline.Sketchout(草拟)theflowofeventsyourshortstorywillcontain,includinginteractionsbetweencharactersandkeymoments.Writedownidentifyingcharacteristics.Butwhenitestodrafting,pickyourmomentsofbackstorycarefully.____19____Pickapointofview.Manyshortstoriesworkwellinfirstpersonbecauseoftheirbrevity(简洁).____20____Ifyourstoryneedstobetoldinsecondpersonorthirdperson,thatworks,too.RegardlessofwhichPOVyouchoose,it’susuallybesttocenterthatnarrativearoundonemaincharactertoensureaconsistentreadonthesituationathand.A.Selecttherightcharacter.B.Writeoutthecentralconflict.C.Allyouneedisonesolidconcept.D.Butthere’snohardandfastrulesayingyoursmust.E.Shortstoriesallowthefreedomtoexperimentbecauseoftheirfreestyle.F.Plottingashortstorydoesn’thavetoinvolveadetailedlistofplotpoints.G.Tomakethecut,apieceofinformationmustcontributetothestory’scentralevents.【答案】16.F17.C18.B19.G20.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了策划短篇故事情节的方法。【16题详解】上文“Agreatshortstorydropsthereaderintoitsworldswiftlyandholdstheirattentionallthewaythrough.(一个好的短篇故事会让读者迅速进入它的世界，并始终吸引他们的注意力)”说明一个好的短篇故事需要快速吸引读者并保持其注意力，以及下文“Itcanbeassimpleasknowingafewkeymomentsyouwanttoworkyourwaytoward.(它可以很简单，只要知道你想要努力实现的几个关键时刻)”说明短篇故事的情节设计可以很简单，只需要知道几个关键点，F项“策划一个短篇故事不一定要列出详细的情节要点。”符合上下文逻辑，起到了承上启下的作用。故选F。【17题详解】上文“Youdon’tneedtohavemultipleshortstoryideasreadytogoatamoment'snotice.(你不需要在一瞬间就准备好多个短篇故事的想法)”以及下文“Whenthatideaestoyou,sitdownandfleshitout.(当你想到这个想法时，坐下来把它充实起来)”说明写短篇故事不需要随时准备好多个故事想法，只要有想法出现就可以坐下来充实它，C项“你所需要的只是一个坚实的概念。”与上下文语境相符，符合题意。故选C。【18题详解】下文“Thefoundationsofyourmainconflictorthemeoftenformashortstory’srisingaction.(你的主要冲突或主题的基础通常构成短篇故事的上升情节)”说明本段谈论的是短篇故事的主要冲突或主题，B项“写出中心冲突。”引出下文内容，适合作为段落标题句。故选B。【19题详解】上文“Butwhenitestodrafting,pickyourmomentsofbackstorycarefully.(但当涉及到起草时，请仔细选择你的背景故事)”说明在创作过程中要精心挑选背景故事的内容，G项“为了切入，一条信息必须对故事的核心事件有所贡献。”进一步说明了如何选择合适的信息和背景，确保它们能够推动情节发展。故选G。【20题详解】上文“Manyshortstoriesworkwellinfirstpersonbecauseoftheirbrevity(简洁).(许多短篇故事以第一人称写得很好，因为它们的简洁)”说明很多短篇故事由于其简洁性，以第一人称叙述效果很好，以及下文“Ifyourstoryneedstobetoldinsecondpersonorthirdperson,thatworks,too.(如果你的故事需要用第二人称或第三人称讲述，那也行)”说明如果故事需要以第二人称或第三人称讲述也是可行的，D项“但没有硬性规定你必须这样做。”说明尽管第一人称常用且有效，但并不是唯一的选择，呼应了下文内容。故选D。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhatIwillbehosting,tobeexact,isaseriesofmeditationretreats(冥想静修)tobeheldthisspring.Duringeachretreat,aboutahundred____21____willeherefromallovertheworldforaperiodofaweektotendaystodeepentheirmeditationpractices.Someofthemare____22____,butmanyhaveneverbeentoIndia.Myroleistotakecareofthesepeopleduringtheir____23____here.Formostoftheretreat,theparticipantswillbein____24____.Forsomeofthem,itwillbethefirsttimethey’ve____25____silenceasadevotionalpractice,anditcanbeintense.However,Iwillbetheonepersontheyare____26____totalktoifsomethingisgoingwrong.Icanhelpthem.Iamso____27____tohelp.AllthelisteningskillsIlearnedasa(n)____28____bartender,alltheantennas(直觉)I’veeverdevelopedthroughoutmylifetimethathavetaughtmehowto____29____whatpeoplearefeeling—theywereallaccumulated_____30_____Icouldhelpeasethesegoodpeopleintothedifficulttaskthey’ve_____31_____.Iamsoconsumedby_____32_____attheirbravery.Thesepeoplehave_____33_____theirfamiliesandlivesforafewweekstogointosilentretreatwithacrowdofperfect_____34_____inIndia.Noteverybodydoesthisintheir_____35_____.21.A.employees B.retirees C.interviewees D.devotees22.A.passersby B.oldtimes C.troublemakers D.peacelovers23.A.work B.stay C.tour D.lecture24.A.doubt B.memory C.silence D.surprise25.A.treated B.interpreted C.described D.experienced26.A.manded B.reminded C.forced D.allowed27.A.equipped B.moved C.wanted D.motivated28.A.talkative B.sympathetic C.aggressive D.innocent29.A.read B.record C.express D.reveal30.A.sothat B.nowthat C.incase D.evenif31.A.putaside B.takenon C.turneddown D.gotover32.A.guilt B.satisfaction C.wonder D.embarrassment33.A.contributedto B.reliedon C.leftbehind D.prayedfor34.A.strangers B.opponents C.friends D.roommates35.A.job B.adventure C.dream D.lifetime【答案】21.D22.B23.B24.C25.D26.D27.A28.B29.A30.A31.B32.C33.C34.A35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者即将主持的一系列冥想静修活动，并描述了参与者的特点、活动安排以及作者自己在其中的角色和感受。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在每次静修期间，大约有一百名信徒将从世界各地来到这里，花一周到十天的时间来深化他们的冥想练习。A.employees雇员；B.retirees退休人员；C.interviewees被面试者；D.devotees献身者，信徒。根据空后的“willeherefromallovertheworldforaperiodofaweektotendaystodeepentheirmeditationpractices.”可知，空处指的是冥想静修的信徒，他们会来进行冥想练习。故选D。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们中一些是老面孔，但许多人从未去过印度。A.passersby路人；B.oldtimes旧时的、故人；C.troublemakers捣乱者；D.peacelovers热爱和平的人。根据上下文句意可知，空处指的是这些信徒中有些是老面孔，但是大多数人都未去过印度。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的职责是在这些人逗留期间照顾他们。A.work工作；B.stay逗留；C.tour观光；D.lecture演讲。根据上文“WhatIwillbehosting,tobeexact,isaseriesofmeditationretreats（冥想静修）tobeheldthisspring.Duringeachretreat,aboutahundred____1____willeherefromallovertheworldforaperiodofaweektotendaystodeepentheirmeditationpractices.”可知，作者是负责这次冥想静修的人，由此可知，作者应该是在这些人逗留期间照顾他们。故选B。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在静修的大部分时间里，参与者将保持沉默。A.doubt怀疑；B.memory记忆；C.silence寂静；D.surprise惊讶、惊奇。根据下文“Forsomeofthem,itwillbethefirsttimethey’ve____5____silenceasadevotionalpractice,anditcanbeintense.”可知，在静修期间，参与者需要保持沉默。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们中的一些人来说，这将是他们第一次体验