Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom单元知识点人教版英语八年级下册

八年级英语下册Unit3知识点【Usefulexpressions】1.gooutfordinner出去吃饭2.stayoutlate在外面待到很晚3.gotothemovies去看电影4.getaride搭车5.workon从事于，忙于6.finishdoingsth.完成做某事7.cleanandtidy干净整洁的8.dothedishes洗餐具9.takeouttherubbish倒垃圾10.foldyour/theclothes叠衣服11.sweepthefloor扫地12.makeyour/thebed整理床铺13.cleanthelivingroom打扫客厅14.noproblem没问题15.welesb.欢迎某人16ehomefromschool/work放学/下班回家17.throwdown扔下18.sitdown坐下19eover过来20.takethedogforawalk遛狗21.allthetime一直;总是22.allday/night整日/夜23.dohousework做家务24.shoutback大声回应25.walkaway走开26.sharethehousework分担家务27.afortablehome一个舒适的家28.insurprise惊讶地29.getsomethingtodrink拿点喝的东西30.hangout闲逛31.passsb.sth.把某物传给某人32.lendsb.sth.把某物借给某人33.getsth.wet使某物弄湿34.hatetodosth.讨厌做某事35.dochores做杂务36.helpsb.(to)do/withsth.帮助某人干某事37.buysomesnacks买些小吃38.gotothestore去商店39.invitesb.toaparty邀请某人参加聚会40.makesb.dosth.使某人做某事41.awasteoftime浪费时间42.inorderto为了43.getgoodgrades44.minddoingsth.介意做某事45.dependon取决于，依赖于46.developchildren'sindependence发展孩子的独立性47.lookafter/takecareof照顾;照看48.doone'spartindoingsth.参与做某事49.atleast至少50.assoonas一...就...51.spendtime/moneyonsth.在...上花时间/金钱52.thereisnoneedforsb.todosth.某人没必要做某事53.It'sone'sjob/dutytodosth.坐某事是某人的职责54.havenoidea不知道55.asaresult结果56.fallill生病【Targetsentences】1.Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?2.Ihavetodosomework.3.Couldluseyourputer?4.Shewon'tbehappyifsheseesthismess.5.Foroneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidl.6.MymomcameoverassoonaslsatdowninfrontoftheTV7.lhatetodochores.8.Couldyoupleasetakethedogforawalk? 9.—CouldIinvitemyfriendstoaparty?—Ofcourse.10.—Couldyouplease...? —Yes,Sure./Sorry,Ican't...11.—CouldIgooutfordinnerwithmyfriends?—Sure,thatshouldbeOK.12.—Couldwegetsomethingtodrinkafterthemovie?—No,youcan't.Youhaveabasketballgametomorrow.13.—Couldyoupleasetakethedogforawalk?—OK,butIwanttowatchoneshowfirst.14.【Languagepoints】1.Peter,couldyoupleasetakeouttherubbish?takeout带出去；取出takeout为“动词+副词”型短语。其接代词作宾语时，代词应放在take和out之间；接名词作宾语时，名词放在take和out之间或out之后均可。Thedogisnoisy.Canyoutakeitout?Iusuallytakemyphoneout/takeoutmyphonewhenIsitdown.【拓展延伸】take...outof...意为“把……从……中取出”。Itookthemoneyoutofmywallettopayforthebreakfast.2.CouldIatleastfinishwatchingthisshow?finishdoingsth.完成做某事。IfinishedwritingtheEnglishposition.【巧学妙记】常接ving作宾语的词（短语）喜欢（enjoy）错过（miss）别介意（mind）,完成（finish）愉快（havefun）勤练习（practice）,忙得（bebusy）禁不住（can'thelp）想放弃（giveup）。例句：Ienjoyreadingbooks.Doyoumindopeningthewindows?Doeshepracticeplayingthepianoeveryday?3.Andshewon'tbehappyifsheseesthismess.messn.杂乱；不整洁；mess作名词，常用短语。makeamess搞得一团糟（表示动作）beinamess杂乱不堪；陷入困境（表示状态）—Don'tmakeamessonthebalcony,Betty. —Sorry,Iwon't.Alltheroomsareinamess.【拓展延伸】（1）mess还可作动词，意为“使不整洁；弄脏；弄乱”。I'veputthebooksaway.Pleasedon'tmessthemupagain.（2）messyadj.混乱的，凌乱的，不整洁的Whatamessyroom!4.MymomcameoverassoonasIsatdowninfrontoftheTV.assoonas一……就……assoonas引导的时间状语从句，相当于theminute(that)。在含有assoonas引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，如果主句用一般将来时（或主句含情态动词，或主句为祈使句），从句应用一般现在时。Thefootballfanscheeredassoonastheyheardtheexcitingnews.Youcangoassoonashees.5.Ithrewdownmybagandwenttothelivingroom.throwv.扔；掷;throw作动词，其过去式和过去分词分别为threw和thrown。常用短语有：6.I'mjustastiredasyouare!as...as...像……一样……as...as...表示两者在某方面程度相同，as...as...中间用形容词或副词的原级。其否定形式为notas/so...as...，意为“不如……”。Doesthedishtasteasgoodasitlooks?Hedoesn'tstudyas/sohardashisbrother.【拓展延伸】as...as...中的第一个as后一般接形容词或副词的原级，但有时也与名词连用,比如：asmuch+不可数名词+asasmany+可数名词复数+asTherearen'tasmanypeopleatthemeetingaswehaveexpected.7.Foroneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI.neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语neitherdidI是“neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”结构，表示前面描述的否定情况也适用于后面。neither在此作副词，意为“也不”。该结构中的neither也可用nor代替。—Idon'tlikethisdress. —Neither/NordoI.—Tomcan'tplaythepianoatall. —Meneither./NeithercanI.【拓展延伸】so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语,表示前面描述的肯定情况也适用于后面。so在此作副词，意为“也"—Iusuallycleanmyroomonweekends. —SodoI.—LindawenttoShanghaiforatriplastyear.—SodidI2.neither的其他用法：（1）作代词，意为“两者都不”。neitherof结构作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。Neitherofthemhas/haveacar.（2）用于“neither...nor...”结构，意为“既不……也不……”，连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的数要与邻近的主语保持一致。NeitherInorheknowsLinda.（3）作限定词，意为“两者都不”，常置于单数可数名词前，其对应词为both。“neither+单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。Neithersentenceiscorrect.8.“Whathappened?”Sheaskedinsurprise.insurprise惊讶地；吃惊地insurprise常用于动词之后作方式状语，相当于withsurprise。其中surprise作名词，意为“惊奇”，含surprise的常用短语还有：toone'ssurprise“令某人惊讶的是”。Simpsonlookedatthemin/withsurprise.Tomysurprise,themanwhohelpedmecleantheyardisourheadmaster.9.CouldIhangoutwithmyfriendsafterthemovie?hangout闲逛;为固定短语，此时hang的过去式和过去分词均为hung。Sheishangingoutwithherfriendsintheshoppingmall.【拓展延伸】含hang的其他常见短语：hangup挂断10.Couldyoupleasepassmethesalt?passv.给；递；走过；通过pass在此处为及物动词，意为“给；递”。passsb.sth.=passsth.tosb.，意为“把某物递给某人”。如果sth.为代词，只能用passsth.tosb.结构Hepassedmethemagazine.=Hepassedthemagazinetome.ThisballisOwen's.Pleasepassittohim.【拓展延伸】pass作动词的其他常见含义：11.①CouldIborrowthatbook?②Couldyoulendmesomemoney?borrowv.借；借用lendv.借给；借出【易混辨析】borrow与lend【拓展延伸】keep也可表示“借”，是延续性动词，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。keepsth.forsometime表示“借用某物一段时间”。而lend与borrow是短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。Nickborrowedabookfromthelibraryandhelentittome.HetoldmethatIcouldkeepitforaweek.【巧学妙记】主语借出用lend，主语借入用borrow，想要保存用keep。12.I'llfinishmyhomeworkwhileyouhelpmewiththedishes.whileconj.与……同时；当……的时候；而；然而（1）while在此处作连词，引导时间状语从句，强调在从句动作发生的同时，主句动作也在进行。WhileIwasdoingmyhomework,myfatherwasreadingabook.（2）while作连词，还可表示“而；然而”，强调两者之间的对比。Thisshirtfitsbetterwhilethatonehasanicerstyle.13.invitemyfriendstoaparty.invitev.邀请invite作动词，意为“邀请”。常见用法有：invitesb.to+地点名词邀请某人到某地eg:Heinvitedmetohispartyyesterday.invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事eg:Chinesepeopleofteninvitetheirfriendstohavedinnertogether.【拓展延伸】invitation作名词，意为“邀请；请柬”。acceptaninvitation接受邀请refuse/turndownaninvitation拒绝邀请14.Idonotunderstandwhysomeparentsmaketheirkidshelpwithhouseworkandchoresathome.makesb.dosth.使某人做某事makesb.dosth.为固定结构，其中sb.后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。其否定形式为makesb.notdosth.,意为“使某人不要做某事”。有此用法的词还有let，have。Kidslikereadingstorieswhichcanmakethemlaugh.15.Theyshouldspendtheirtimeonschoolworkinordertogetgoodgradesandgetintoagoodunivresity.(1)spendtime/moneyonsth.在某事/物上花费时间/金钱【易混辨析】spend,cost,take与pay均有“花费”的意思，区别如下：(2)inorderto目的是；为了表示目的，后接动词原形，其否定形式为inordernotto。Inordertofinishthereport,hestayedupverylate.Jennywillgetupearlierthanusualinordertocatchthefirstbus.【拓展延伸】inorderthat也表示“为了”，其后接从句。有时可与inorderto进行转换。IworkedhardinorderthatIcouldgetgoodgrades.=Iworkedhardinordertogetgoodgrades.16.Sincetheyliveinonehousewiththeirparents,theyshouldknowthateveryoneshoulddotheirpartinkeepingitcleanandtidy.(1)sinceconj.因为；既然prep.,conj.&adv.从……以后；自……以来;since在此处作连词，意为“因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句，常位于句首。Sinceyoudon'tknowtheboy,I'llasksomeoneelse.(2)since作连词，还可意为“从……以后；自……以来”，其引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时，主句多用现在完成时。Maryhaslivedheresinceshewasfive.(3)doone'spartin(doing)sth.尽自己的职责做某事Everyoneshoulddotheirpartinprotectingtheenvironment.17.Ourneighbors'songotintoagoodcollegebutduringhisfirstyear,hehadnoideahowtotakecareofhimself.(1)havenoidea不知道（2）takecareof照顾；处理；相当于lookafter或carefor。Canyouhelpmetakecareof/lookafter/careformylittlebrother?【拓展延伸】takecare意为“小心；当心”，相当于becareful或lookout。Takecarethatyoudon'tdrinktoomuch!18.Asaresult,heoftenfellillandhisgradesdropped.（1）asaresult结果（2）fallill生病19.Theearlierkidslearntobeindependent,thebetteritisfortheirfuture.Theearlier...,thebetter:the+比较级，the+比较级表示“越……越……”Theharderyoustudy,thebettergradesyouwillget.Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbe.【GrammarFocus】情态动词could的用法1.语法概述:情态动词could可用于有礼貌地向对方提出要求或请求，也可用于提出建议。它本身不能作谓语，必须和不带to的动词原形一起构成谓语。2.用于提出要求或请求“Couldyouplease...?”意为“能请你……吗？”，用于提出要求或请求。否定形式为Couldyoupleasenot...?—Couldyoupleaselendmeyourbike?—Sure/Ofcourse/Certainly,Ican.—Couldyoupleasegohikingwithmetomorrow?—Sorry,Ican't.Ihavetoprepareforapetition.3.用于请求许可“CouldI...?”意为“我能……吗？”，用于请求对方允许自己做某事。肯定回答:Yes,youcan./Ofcourseyoucan./Yes,please.否定回答:Sorry,youcan't./I'mafraidyoucan't./No,youmustn’t.—CouldIhavealookatyournewwatch?—Ofcourseyoucan.Hereyouare.—Mum,couldIgooutforawhile?—I'mafraidyoucan't.Youhavetowashyourclothesfirst.特别提醒：(1)表示请求允许（即请求别人允许自己做某事），could和can都可以用，但could语气更委婉。Could/CanIein?(2)对别人的请求许可的回答，一般只用can，而不用could.—CouldIuseyourpen?—Ofcourseyoucan.4.用于能力could表示过去的能力，表示现在的能力用can。此时could是can的过去式。CouldyouspeakEnglishthen?Lookingdownfromtheplane,wecouldseethelightontherunway.【拓展延伸】