人教版八级上册Unit 7-Unit 8基础知识过关+题型演练突破-中考一轮复习课课练（教师版）

八年级Unit7—Unit8基础知识过关+题型演练突破主题内容高分突破一词汇突破（教材词汇+词汇变形）高分突破二短语突破（单元课文短语总结）高分突破三句型突破（单元重点句式归纳）高分突破四文章突破（教材改编语法填空）高分突破五题型突破（阅读+完型+语法写作）教材词汇paper['peɪpər]纸pollution[pə'luːʃn]污染；污染物prediction[prɪ'dɪkʃn]预测future['fjuːtʃər]未来pollute[pə'luːt]污染environment[ɪn'vaɪrənmənt]环境planet['plænɪt]行星earth[ɜːrθ]n.地球；泥土plant[plænt]种植，植物part[pɑːrt]参加，部分peace[piːs]和平sky[skaɪ]天空playapart参与astronaut['æstrənɔːt]宇航员apartment[ə'pɑːrtmənt]公寓房间rocket['rɑːkɪt]火箭；space[speɪs].空间；太空even['iːvn]甚至；愈加human['hjuːmən]人的；n.人；人类servant['sɜːrvənt]仆人dangerous['deɪndʒərəs]危险的already[ɔːl'redi]已经factory['fæktri]工厂believe[bɪ'liːv]相信disagree[ˌdɪsə'ɡriː]不同意shape[ʃeɪp]形状fall[fɔːl]倒塌；跌倒possible['pɑːsəbl]可能的probably['prɑːbəbli]大概；或许；可能holiday['hɑːlədeɪ]假日word[wɜːrd]单词；spacestation太空站overandoveragain多次；反复地hundredsof许多；大量；成百上千falldown突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌lookfor寻找；寻求blender['blendər]搅拌器；果汁机peel[piːl]vt.剥落；削皮pour[pɔːr]pour[pɔːr]倒；倾倒yogurt['joʊɡərt]酸奶；honey['hʌni]蜂蜜watermelon['wɔːtərmelən]西瓜spoon[spuːn]勺，调羹add[æd]增加finally['faɪnəli]最后，最终salt[sɔːlt]盐sugar['ʃʊɡər]糖cheese[tʃiːz]干酪，奶酪popcorn['pɑːpkɔːrn]爆米花corn[kɔːrn]玉米，谷物machine[mə'ʃiːn]机器sandwich['sænwɪtʃ]三明治butter['bʌtər]黄油，奶油turkey['tɜːrki]火鸡lettuce['letɪs]莴苣，生菜piece[piːs]件；篇；片；块；traditional[trə'dɪʃənl]传统的traveler['trævlə]旅行者England['ɪŋɡlənd]英格兰；英国celebrate['selɪbreɪt]庆祝；庆贺pepper['pepər]胡椒粉；辣椒oven['ʌvn]烤箱；烤炉cover['kʌvər]遮盖，盖子，gravy['ɡreɪvi]肉汁；肉汤serve[sɜːrv]接待，服务temperature['temprətʃər]温度，气候词汇变形pollutev.污染→pollutionn.污染物predictv.预言，预测→predictionn.预言，预测→predictorn.预言家environmentn.环境→environmentaladj.环境的peacen.和平→peacefuladj.和平的buildv.建立，建设→buildingn.建筑物→buildern.建设者dangern.危险→dangerousadj.危险的→dangerouslyadv.危险地possibleadj.可能的→impossibleadj.不可能的→possiblyadv.可能地probableadj.大概的→probablyadv.大概trainv.训练n.火车→trainingn.训练→trainern.训练者finaladj.最后的→finallyadv.最后saltn.盐→saltyadj.含盐的，咸的sugarn.糖→sugaryadj.含糖的，甜的traditionn.传统→traditionaladj.传统的→traditionallyadv.传统地travelv.旅行→travelern.游客，旅行者celebratev.庆祝→celebrationn.庆祝、preparev.准备→preparationn.准备mixv.混合→mixturen.混合物servev.接待，服务，提供→servicen.服务→servantn.服役的人，服务员mainadj.主要的→mainlyadv.主要地studyathomeoncomputer在家通过电脑学习livetobe…yearsold活到·…·…岁havelessfreetime有更少的空余时间usethesubwaysless更少使用地铁beindanger处于危险之中playapart/rolein(doing)sth参与；在……发挥作用savetheearth拯救地球worldpeace世界和平dothesamejobas和……做一样的工作haverobotsinpeople'shomes在人们家里有机器人befree免费buildmorebuildings建造更多的建筑物predictionsabout关于……的预测plantmoretrees种更多的树spendtimetogether共同度过时光movetootherplanets搬到其他星球去polluteourenvironment污染我们环境spacestation太空站；宇宙空间站acrossfrom在……对面flyrocketsto乘火箭到……helpwith在·……方面提供帮助overandoveragain多次；反复地getbored感到厌倦wakeup醒来agree/disagreewith同意/不同意falldown突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌seempossible/impossible似乎可能/不可能inthenearfuture在不久的将来atsomepoint在某些方面flyupintothesky飞上天空believeinyourself相信你自己duringtheholiday在假期期间humanservants人类的仆人workinafactory在一家工厂工作havemanydifferentshapes有许多不同的形状becomeanastronaut成为一名宇航员liveinanapartment住在一套公寓里themeaningoftheword这个词的意思turnon接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开turnoff切断(电流、煤气、水)；关闭turnup调大(音量等)；出现turndown调小(音量等)；拒绝cutup切碎putin把……放在……里面pourinto把……倒进……onemorething还有一件事makebeefnoodles做牛肉面washclothes洗衣服takeout拿出addto把……加到……makefruitsalad做水果沙拉turnontheblender打开搅拌器cookforanotherminutes再煮十分钟peelabanana剥香蕉thepopcornmachine爆米花机digahole挖一个洞givethanksfor因……而感谢haveabigmeal饱餐一顿celebrateThanksgiving庆祝感恩节fillwith用……把……装满befilledwith=befullof充满……coverwith用··……盖住……becoveredwith/by被·……覆盖cutinto把……切成……ataveryhigh/lowtemperature在高/低温eattraditionalfood吃传统的食物onspecialholidays在特别的假期gettogether聚会makeaturkeydinner做一顿火鸡大餐preparethefood准备好食物addsomebutter加一些黄油mixwith把……和……混合onebyone一个接一个地makealistofingredients列食材清单writearecipe写一个食谱inautumn/inthefall在秋天Everythingwillbefree.一切都将会是免费的。Ithinktherewillbemorepollution.我认为将来会有更多的污染。Ithinkso./Idon'tthinkso.我认为是这样。/我认为不是这样。Citieswillbemorecrowdedandpolluted.城市将更拥挤，污染将更严重。Ihopeso.我希望是这样。Todaytherearealreadyrobotsworkinginfactories.现在已经有机器人在工厂里干活了。Somescientistsbelievethatalthoughwecanmakerobotsmovelikepeople,itwillbedifficulttomakethemreallythinklikeahuman.一些科学家认为，虽然我们能制造出像人一样移动的机器人，但是想让它们和人一样思考，很难做到。Therewillbefewerjobsforpeoplebecausemorerobotswilldothesamejobsaspeople.人们的工作会越来越少，因为更多的机器人将会做和人一样的工作。Howmanybananasdoweneed?我们需要多少根香蕉？Howmuchyogurtdoweneed?我们需要多少酸奶？IwanttomakeRussiansoupforapartyonSaturday.我想为周六的派对做罗宋汤。Thanksgivingisatimetogivethanksforfoodintheautumnandothergoodthingspeopleenjoyinlife.感恩节是感谢秋天赐予我们的食物以及人们在生活中享受的其他美好事物的时候。FamiliesseeThanksgivingasatimetogettogetherandusuallycelebrateitwithabigfamilymeal.(许多)家庭把感恩节视作聚在一起的时节，并且以家庭大聚餐的方式来庆祝它。HereisonewaytomaketurkeyforaThanksgivingdinner.这有一种做感恩节火鸡的方法。First,mixtogethersomebreadpieces,onions，saltandpepper.首先，把面包片、洋葱、盐和胡椒粉混合在一起。Next,filltheturkeywiththisbreadmix.接下来，用面包混合物填满火鸡。Thenputtheturkeyinahotovenandcookitforafewhours.然后，把火鸡放入烤箱并烤上几个小时。Whenitisready,placetheturkeyonalargeplateandcoveritwithgravy.烤好后，把火鸡放在大盘子上并用肉汁覆盖它。Finally,cuttheturkeyintothinpiecesandeatthemeatwithvegetableslikecarrotsandpotatoes.最后，把火鸡切成薄片并且和着蔬菜，如胡萝卜和土豆一起吃。Then,makethechickensoupveryhot,over100℃.然后，使鸡汤变热，超过100摄氏度。PassageAPassageADoYouThinkYouWillHaveYourOwnRobot?Whenwewatchmoviesaboutthe（未来）,wesometimesseerobots.Theyareusuallylikehuman（servant）.Theyhelpwiththehouseworkanddojobslikeworkingindirtyor（danger）places.Todaytherearealreadyrobotsworkinginfactories.Somecanhelptobuildcars,andtheydosimplejobsoverandoveragain.Fewerpeoplewilldosuchjobsinthefuturetheyareboring,butrobotswillnevergetbored.Scientistsarenow（try）tomakerobotslooklikehumansanddothesamethingswedo.SomerobotsinJapancanwalkanddance.Theyarefuntowatch.However,somescientistsbelievethatalthoughwecanmakerobotsmovelikepeople,itwillbe（困难的）tomakethemreallythinklikeahuman.Forexample,scientistJamesWhitethinksthatrobotswillneverbeabletowakeupandknowwheretheyare.ButmanyscientistsdisagreeMr.White.Theythinkthatrobotswillevenbeabletotalklikehumansin25to50years.Somescientistsbelievethatthere（be）morerobotsinthefuture.However,theyagreeitmaytakehundredsofyears.Thesenewrobotswillhavemanydifferent（外观）.Somewilllooklikehumans,andothersmightlooklikeanimals.InIndia,forexample,scientistsmaderobotsthatlooklikesnakes.Ifbuildingsfalldownwithpeoplei,thesesnakerobotscanhelplookforpeopleunderthebuildings.Thispossible20yearsago，butwasnotcomputersand（火箭）alsoseemedimpossible100yearsago.Weneverknowwhatwillhappeninthefuture!参考答案：futureservantsdangerousbecausetryingasdifficultWithwillbeshapesinsiderocketsPPassageBThanksgivinginNorthAmericaInmost(country)，peopleusuallyeat(tradition)foodonspecialholidays.AspecialdayinNorthAmericaisThanksgiving,IntheUnitedStates，thisfestivalisalwaysonthe(four)ThursdayinNovember,butinCanada,itfallsonthesecondOctober.Thanksgivingisatime(give)thanksforfoodintheautumnandothergoodthingspeopleenjoyinlife.FamiliesseeThanksgivingatimetogettogetherandusually(庆祝)itwithabigfamilymeal.Themaindishofthismealisalmostalwaysturkey,albird.Togowiththeturkey,peopleoftenprepareotherthings,suchasgravy,cornbread,mashedpotatoes,andpumpkinorapplepie.MakingaturkeydinnerHereisonewaytomaketurkeyaThanksgivingdinner.First,mixtogethersomebreadpieces,onions,saltandpepper.Next,（填满）theturkeywiththisbreadmix.Then,puttheturkeyinahotovenandcookitforafewhours.Whenitis（准备好的）,placetheturkeyonalargeplateandcoveritwithgravy.Finally,cuttheturkeyintothinpieceseatthemeatwithvegetableslikecarrotsandpotatoes.参考答案：countriestraditionalfourthtogiveascelebratelargeforfillreadyandPPassageCcookwashfinallyhavenextenjoyfirstcutYunnanRiceNoodlesInYunnan,manypeopleeatricenoodlesforbreakfast,andevenforlunchanddinner.Tomakethisspecialfood,youneedtoricenoodles，chickensoup,chicken,lettuceandeggs.(Ofcourse,youcanalsohaveotherthingslikefishanddifferentvegetables.)，thelettuceandcutitup.，thechickenintopieces.Then,makethechickensoupveryhot,over100°C，Then,theeggs,meatandlettuceinthepotofhotsoup,onebyone.,putthericenoodlesintothesoup.Now,it'stimetothericenoodles!参考答案：have,First,wash,Next,cut,cook,Finally,enjoyPPassageDsameneverdisagreemakehappendancetalkagreeSomerobotsareveryhuman-like.Theycanwalkandlikepeople.Somescientiststhinkthatinthefuturetheywillrobotsmorelikehumans.Thismaynotinthenearfuture,butatsomepoint,robotswillevenbeabletolikepeople.However,somescientists.JamesWhitebelievesthatrobotswillnotbeabletodothethingsaswecan.Forexample,hethinksthatrobotswillbeabletowakeupandknowwheretheyare.Whichsidedoyouwith?参考答案：dance,make,happen,talk,disagree,same,never,agree题型突破一：阅读理解题型突破一：阅读理解PassageABreathinginairpollutioncouldchangeourbrain.Anewstudyshowsthatcarfumes(尾气)canchangehowpartsofourbrainconnectwithotherparts.TheresearchisfromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiainCanada.Researchersfoundthatourbrain'sconnectivity(连接性能)canbechangedbycarfumesinjusttwohours.Aresearcher,ProfessorChrisCarlsten,wassurprisedatwhathefound.Hesaid.“Formanyyears,scientiststhoughtthebrainmaybeprotectedfromtheeffect(影响)ofairpollution.Thisstudyisthefirstofitskindintheworld.Itprovidesfreshevidence(证据）showingaconnectionbetweenairpollutionand‘thinking’.”Thetrafficpollutionstudywason25adults.Theresearchersaskedtheadultstobreatheincarfumesinalaboratory.Theresearchteamtookbrainscans(扫描)oftheadultsfortwohours.Thescansshowedthatthenetworks(网络)inthebrainthatweuseforthinkingandrememberingchanged.Therewerefewerconnectionsbetweenthenetworks.Anotherprofessorwasworriedabouttheresultoftheresearch.Shesaid,"It'sconcerningtoseetrafficpollutionhavinganeffectonorevenbreakingthesenetworks."Theresearcherssaidtheyneededtodomoreresearchtoseehowcarfumeschangeourbrain.Theyalsoadvisedpeopletoclosecarwindowswhenintraffic.Thebrainsofthe25peoplereturnedtonormalaftertheybreathedcleanair.1.Whatdidtheresearchersfindintheirstudy?A.Carfumesstayinourbodyforalongtime.B.Airpollutionhasnothingtodowithourbrain.C.Carfumeshaveaneffectonourbrain'sconnectivity.2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheresearch?A.TheresearchwasdoneintheUK.B.Theadultshadbrainscansduringtheresearch.C.Ittooktheresearchersmanyyearstodotheresearch.3.Theunderlinedword“concerning”inthefourthparagraphprobablymeans“___”A.令人担忧的 B.令人烦躁的 C.令人失望的4.Whatdidtheresearchersadvisedriverstodowhenintraffic?A.Lookoutofthecarwindows.B.Keepthecarwindowsclosed.C.Donotsmokeinthecar.5.Wecanreadthepassageinthepartofofanewspaper.A.CulturalWorld B.HistoricalCharacter C.ScienceStudy参考答案：1.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Researchersfoundthatourbrain'sconnectivitycanbechangedbycarfumesinjusttwohours.”可知.研究人员发现仅仅在两个小时之内大脑的连通性能就会被汽车尾气改变，由此可知，我们的大脑可以被汽车尾气所影响。2.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Theresearchteamtookbrainscansoftheadultsfortwohours.”可知，研究小组对成年人进行了两个小时的脑部扫描。故在该研究中，成年人进行了脑部扫描。3.A词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“Anotherprofessorwasworriedabouttheresultoftheresearch.”可知，另一名教授对这个研究结果很是担心，由此推知，知道交通污染影响甚至阻断这些（大脑）网络很让人担忧，故concerning意为“令人担忧的”。4.B细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Theyalsoadvisedpeopletoclosecarwindowswhenintraffic.”可知，研究人员建议人们堵车时将车窗关闭。5.C推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究，汽车尾气能够影响我们大脑的连通性能，这属于科学研究，所以我们可以在报纸的科学学习版块读到这篇文章。PassageBRecently,scientistshavefoundthefossils(化石)ofthelargestpenguineverknownonEarth,a340-poundgiantpenguinthatlivedmorethan50millionyearsago.Thefossilsofthenew-foundspecies,Kumimanufordycei,werefoundalongsideeightotherspecimens(标本)insidebeachrocksonNewZealand'sSouthIsland.Inastudy,scientistsestimated(估计)theweightofthenew-foundpenguinbasedonthesizeandweightoftheirbonescomparedwiththoseofmodernpenguins.TheyfoundthatK.fordyceiwouldhaveweighedmorethanthreetimesthesizeofemperorpenguins(Aptenodytesforsteri),whicharethelargestpenguinsalivetodayandweighbetween55to100pounds.Sothescientiststhoughtatpresent,nopenguinislargerthanK.fordyceionEarth.Butbecausethebonesarenotenough,theycouldn'tknowhowlongitis.Beforethenewfinding,thelargestpenguinonrecordwasPalaeeudyptesklekowskii,whichlivedaround37millionyearsagoinAntarctica,weighed256poundsandstoodataround6.6feettall.Thenextlargest,Kumimanubiceae,weighedaround267poundsandhadabodylengthofaround5.8feet.Thetwospecieswerelikelyamongsomeofthefirstancientpenguins.GiantpenguinslikeK.fordyceidisappearedaround27millionyearsago."Whatcausedtheirextinction(灭绝)isstillamystery.Butitislikelythatthebigbirdswerefinallybeatenbyoceananimalsofsimilarsize,”anexpertsaid."Thenewfindingcouldhelptosolvethisproblem."headded.1.HowmanyspecimenswerediscoveredaccordingtoParagraph1?A.8B.9C.102.Whichofthefollowingfourkindsofpenguinsisthesmallest?A.Kumimanubiceae.B.Palaeeudyptesklekowskii.C.Aptenodytesforsteri.3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthenew-foundpenguin?A.Itlivedmorethan50millionyearsago.B.Itmaydieoutaround37millionyearsago.C.ItwasfoundontheSouthIslandofNewZealand.4.Whatdoesthewritertrytodointhelastparagraph?A.Explainwhysmallpenguinsdisappeared.B.Pointouttheimportantroleofseaanimals.C.Showthegreatmeaningofthenewfinding.5.Wherecanwemostprobablyfindthispassage?A.Inanewspaper.B.Inadiary.C.Inanovel.参考答案：1.B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thefossilsofthenew-foundspecies,Kumimanufordyceiwerefoundalongsideeightotherspecimens”可知，新发现的Kumimanufordycei的化石和其他八个标本一起在新西兰南岛的海滩岩石中被发现了，故可知一共有九个标本被发现了。2.C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a340-poundgiantpenguin...Kumimanufordycei",第二段中的“emperorpenguins(Aptenodytesforsteri)...weighbetween55to100pounds",第三段中的“Palaeeudyptesklekowskii...weighed256pounds"以及第三段中的“Kumimanubiceae,weighedaround267pounds”可知，在四个选项中，Aptenodytesforsteri的体型最小。3.B细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“GiantpenguinslikeK.fordyceidisappearedaround27millionyearsago.”可知，像K.fordycei这样的巨型企鹅大约在2700万年前消失了，故B项符合题意。4.C推理判断题。通读最后一段可知，人们不知道是什么导致了像K.fordycei这种巨型企鹅的灭绝，但这一新发现可能有助于解决这个问题。由此可推知，作者在最后一段想要指出这个新发现的意义。5.A推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍最近科学家在新西兰发现了一种新型大型企鹅的化石，这是一则新闻，故可推知，我们最有可能在报纸上读到这篇文章。PassageCTrinaPerez,amotherinSaltLake'sRoseParkneighborhood,istryingtochangehowstudentsgettoschool.Sheisorganizinga“bikebus”.Studentscanridebikestoschoolinagroup.Ithelpsdevelopahealthylifestyleandprotecttheenvironment.“Thestreetsareforallofus.”Perezsaid.“Streetsareforpeople.”Shegottheideafromseveralvideosonsocialmedia(社交媒体）ofsuccessful“bikebus"groupsinothercities.“Thekidsjustloveit,”saidSamBalto,aPEteacherandbikebuschampion(冠军）inPortland.“TheyhavetakentoitmorethanIcouldhaveeverimagined."Andnowheisencouragingotherstoorganizebikebusesintheircommunities(社区).BackinSaltLakeCity,TrinahopesstudentsatRoseParkElementarycanachievethelevelofbikebussuccessthatishappeninginPortland.Sheknowstherearechallengesthatneedtobeovercome(克服).“It'shardtohaveabikebusifkidsdon'thavebikes,"shesaid.“Wearetryingtofindbikesforkidstoride.”Trinahasgot150bikesforstudentsatRoseParkElementarybyraisingmoneyandworkingwithcommunitygroups.Collectingbikeswasnoteasy,butTrinabelieveditwasworththeworktogivestudentsalife-changingsetofwheels.“Bicyclestomearefreedom(自由），”shesaid.“Out-of-carexperiencesarewherethemagichappens."1.Howdothestudentswhotakepartina“bikebus"gotoschool?2.WheredidTrinagetheridea?3.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatisoneofthechallengesthatneedtobeovercome?4.HowdidTrinagetbikesforstudentsatRoseParkElementary?5.Doyouliketheideaof“bikebus”?Whyorwhynot?参考答案：1.Theyridebikestoschoolinagroup.根据第一段中的“Sheisorganizinga‘bikebus’.Studentscanridebikestoschoolinagroup.'可知，在这个活动中。学生们可以成群结队地骑自行车上学。2.Severalvideosonsocialmedia.根据第二段中的“Shegottheideafromseveralvideosonsocialmediaofsuccessful‘bikebus'groupsinothercities.”可知，Trina的这一想法的灵感来源是社交媒体上的一些视频。3.Therearekidswhodon'thavebikes.根据第四段中的“It'shardtohaveabikebusifkidsdon'thavebikes”可知，如果孩子们没有自行车，这个活动便很难组织；结合本段最后一句“Wearetryingtofindbikesforkidstoride.”可知，Trina正在为孩子们找自行车。由此可知，有的孩子没有自行车，这是Trina需要解决的难题之一。4.Byraisingmoneyandworkingwithcommunitygroups.根据倒数第二段第一句可知，Trina通过筹钱和与社区团体合作使玫瑰公园小学的孩子得到了自行车。5.Yes.Ido.Ithinkitisgoodforbothourhealthandtheplanet./No.Idon't.Ithinkitisnotsafeforthosewhoareyounger.(本题为开放题，答案不唯一）题型突破二：完形填空题型突破二：完形填空ShoeshininghasalonghistoryintheUnitedStates,datingbackhundredsofyears.Buttoday,thistraditionisacrossthe1country.Thepandemic(流行病)playedarole.Morepeopleworkfromhomethaninthepast,wearingcasual(非正式的)clothes，whichmeansfewer2forshoeshiningbusinesses.NisanKhaimovownsthePennStationstand.Hesaidhisstandwouldshine80to100shoeseachworkdaybeforethepandemic.Nowitisbetween30to50fromTuesdaytoThursdayandeven3onMondaysandFridays.Thework-from-home4iscommonacrossAmericaanditis5hisbusiness.“6allpeoplecomebacktowork,theproblemswillnotbesolved,"saidKhaimov.RoryHeenanisa38-year-oldmanfromPhiladelphia.Herememberedasa7hewouldtakethetrainwithhisfatheronhiswaytowork."Iwouldjustsithere,8myfathergetashoeshine,”hesaid.“And30yearslater,I'mheredoingthe9thing.So,it'scertainlysomethingthat's10overtime.”JairoCardenasisalsofeelingthe11.Hisbusinessusedtoshine60or70shoesaday.Now,onagoodday,heshinesshoesfor10to15customers.Beforethepandemic.DavidMesquita'sLeather.Spaemployed(雇用)sixshoeshiners.Theywould12about120shinesaday.Now,therearethreeshoeshinerswhodo40or50shineseachday13.14,Mesquitaisseeingpeopleslowlycomingback.HisDecember2022shoeshinenumberswereup52percentcomparedwithDecember2021."Peopleliketreatingthemselves”Mesauitasaid.Hebelievedthatshoeshiningwillnot15goaway.1.A.returning B.growing C.weakening2.A.customers B.businessmen C.policemen3.A.deeper B.fewer C.better4.A.system B.plan C.model5.A.hurting B.creating C.testing6.A.If B.When C.Until7.A.passenger B.kid C.parent8.A.helping B.noticing C.watching9.A.same B.usual C.right10.A.givenup B.passeddown C.putoff11.A.loss B.value C.risk12.A.train B.build C.complete13.A.atfirst B.atlast C.atmost14.A.However B.Anyway C.Also15.A.normally B.fully C.carefully参考答案：1.C根据下文中的“Morepeopleworkfromhomethaninthepast...forshoeshiningbusinesses.”可知，与过去相比，越来越多的人在家工作，穿着休闲服装。这意味着擦鞋生意的顾客更少。由此可推知。这一传统正在衰弱。2.A根据空前的“Morepeopleworkfromhomethaninthepast.wearingcasualclothes”可知，与过去相比，越来越多的人在家工作，穿着休闲服装。由此可推知，这就意味着擦鞋生意的顾客变少了。customer“顾客；客户”，符合语境。3.B根据上文中的“hisstandwouldshine80to100shoeseachworkdaybeforethepandemic”和空前的“Nowitisbetween30to50fromTuesdaytoThursday”可知，疫情之前，他的擦鞋摊每个工作日都能擦80到100双鞋。现在从周二到周四是每天30到50双。由此可知，擦鞋摊每天所擦鞋的数量比之前少了。再根据空前的even可知，周一和周五就更少了。4.C根据语境可知，此处指居家办公的模式。model“模式”，符合语境。5.A结合生活常识可知，人们居家办公后，擦鞋的顾客会变少。故此处指这种模式正破坏着他的生意。6.C此处指直到所有人都回去工作，问题才会得到解决。not...until...意为“直到......才......”。7.B根据上文中的“RoryHeenanisa38-yearoldman”和下文中的And30yearslater可知RoryHeenan回忆了30年前发生的事情，当时他还是个孩子。kid“小孩；年轻人”，符合语境。8.C根据空前的“Iwouldjustsithere”可推知，他当时只是坐在这里，看着他的父亲享受擦鞋的服务。9.A根据语境可知，30年后，他在这里做同样的事情。same“相同的”，符合语境。10.B根据上文可知，RoryHeenan小时候看着父亲享受擦鞋服务，如今自己也在这么做。由此可推知,此处指它是随着时间的推移而传下来的东西。passdown“传承；流传”，符合语境。11.A根据下文中的“Hisbusinessusedtoshine60or70shoesaday.Now,onagoodday,heshinesshoesfor10to15customers.”可知，Jairo过去每天擦60到70双鞋子，现在行情好的时候每天也只有10到15名顾客。由此可推知，他也感觉到了顾客的流失。12.C此处指他们每天大约完成120次擦鞋。complete“完成”，符合语境。13.C根据上文可知，过去6名擦鞋匠每天大约擦120双鞋子。由此可推知，现在3名擦鞋匠每天最多擦40到50双鞋子。atmost“最多”，符合语境。14.A上文提到了擦鞋行业顾客的流失，本段提到Mesquita看到了顾客的回归。由此可知，此处表示转折关系。15.B根据上文中的“Peopleliketreatingthemselves”可知，人们喜欢犒劳自己。由此可知，擦鞋行业不会完全消失。fully“完全地；彻底地”，符合语境。题型突破三：语法写作题型突破三：语法写作PassageATraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)isusedtohelppeoplekeepthebalanceofyinandyang.Buthaveyoueverimaginedthatonedayyoucanlearnherb(药草)plantingandTCMcoursesatschool?AprimaryschoolinNanjinghasjust___1___(open)aherbfarm.Morethan30herbsareplanted.Studentsthereareg___2___(指导)bydoctorsfromaTCMhospitaltotelldifferentherbsandlearnplantdevelopment,medicinalvalueaswellas___3___(grow)herbs.Thehospitalhasalsodonatedover100cartoonbooksaboutTCMtohelpdrawchildren’s___54___（attend）inhe