高中英语高考一轮话题复习8个人情况1（教师版）

高中英语高考一轮话题复习8：个人情况1【问题查找】单词拼写1.He__________（贡献）himselfentirelytomusic.2.ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeople__________（平等的）.3.Itwasthetruth.Blackpeoplecouldnot__________（投票）orchoosetheirleaders.4.Itwasaprisonfromwhichnoone__________（逃跑）.5.TheysaidthatthejobandthepayfromthenewSouthAfricangovernmentweremy__________（回报）afterworkingallmylifeforequalrightsfortheBlacks.6.Weshouldgivethemattercareful(考虑).7.Apostmanisamanemployedto(递送)lettersandparcels.8.Heisalways________(谦虚的)abouthissuccess.9.The(比率)ofpopulationhasbeencontrolledinthepastfewyears.10.Awaveof(恶心)cameoverher.Keys：1.devoted;2.equal3.vote4.escaped5.reward6.consideration7.deliverModest9.rate10.sickness【要点精讲】学习目标：能自主快速阅读理解大意，能依据上下文语境猜测词义，能正确拼读词汇（单词、短语），掌握词汇意义与用法。（1）能正确识记、领会以下词汇,正确率达100%：respect,devote,reward等（2）能正确识记、领会以下短语,正确率达100%：turnto,loseheart,referto等（3）能正确运用以下句型结合词汇和语法进行句子翻译和写作,正确率达80%：解决学习问题：目标对应的活动（目标的问题化分解）NelsonMandela纳尔逊▪曼德拉【语境串联】（1）请用学习过的单词完成篇章：Hewas（报酬）forhis（devote）and（generous）toeducation.Heisstronglyagainst（暴力）andterrorism.Inhisopinion,（攻击）ofanykindiscruelandnot（平等的）.Everyoneshouldobeythe（合法的）principlelaw.Keys:rewarded;devotion;generosity;violence;attack;equal;legal【知识拓展】（该部分主要给老师做知识拓展补充，学生版可选择性呈现该部分或直接删去，建议根据学生情况选择性补充或拓展其他内容，不要求全部讲解）devotevt.投入；献身devote...to...把……奉献于devoteoneselfto献身于；致力于；专心于rewardn.报酬，奖金vt.酬谢，给以报答inreward(for…)作为（对……的）报酬、报答 givearewardtosb.forsth.为……给某人报酬、赏金rewardsb.for(doing)sth.因……报答、奖赏某人 rewardsb.withsth.用……报答、奖赏某人（2）请用学习过的短语完成篇章：Thissituationhasbeeworseandworsesincethenewgovernment（当权）.Iam（失业），butIdon’tknowwhomto（求助于）.Ithoughtofmyheadteacheroneday,whoalwaysencouragedusnotto（失去信心）andbehopefulaboutthefuturewhenweare（处于麻烦中）Keys：etopower;outofwork;turnto;loseheart;introuble【知识拓展】（该部分主要给老师做知识拓展补充，学生版可选择性呈现该部分或直接删去，建议根据学生情况选择性补充或拓展其他内容，不要求全部讲解）loseheart丧失勇气或信心loseone’sjob失业loseone’sbalance失去平衡loseone’sbreath上气不接下气loseone’sheart(tosb/sth)爱上loseone’slife丧生；遇害loseface丢脸；受屈辱turnto求助于；翻到；转身，转向，转到turnon打开turnoff关掉turninto变成turnup出现；调高turndown拒绝；调低【即学即练】完形填空节选题。1.Tomhadtotheinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.A.turnin B.turndown C.turnover D.turnto2．Accordingtothenewtrafficregulations，thepunishmentofrunningayellowlightis________torunningaredone.A．opposite B．equal C．particular D．open3．EveryonewhoreachedthetopofMountTaiwas________withamagnificentview.A．awarded B．admired C．rewarded D．appreciatedKeys:1.B2.B解析：考查形容词辨析。句意为：按照新的交通法规，闯黄灯与闯红灯的处罚是一样的。根据句意可知应选equal，AisequaltoB表示“A与B相同(等)”。3.C解析：考查动词辨析。句意为：到达泰山顶部的每个人都能看到壮丽的景观。reward奖赏；奖励，多指对某人的工作或服务等的报答，符合语境。award因……而授予某人……，通常指正式地或官方地颁发、授予；admire钦佩；赞美；appreciate感激；欣赏。Womenofachievement有成就的女性【语境串联】（1）请用学习过的单词完成篇章：The（respect）（special）fromourinstitute（发表）aspeechaboutwomenof（achieve）.Whathereferredtowas（support）byalarge（人群）ofaudience.Theywereinspiredbyhisbeingmodestandoutspoken.Keys:respected;specialist;delivered;achievement;supported;crowd;【知识拓展】（该部分主要给老师做知识拓展补充，学生版可选择性呈现该部分或直接删去，建议根据学生情况选择性补充或拓展其他内容，不要求全部讲解）respectvt.&n.尊敬，尊重。respectedadj.受敬重的respectiveadj.各自的，分别的respectableadj.可敬的，值得尊敬的；体面的arespectableperson一个正派的人respectfuladj.恭敬的；有礼貌的berespectfultotheirelders对长辈有礼貌delivervt.接生(小孩)；递送；发表(演说等)deliveryn.送货；交付expressdelivery快递ondelivery送达时；货到时deliverababy接生小孩；生小孩（2）请用学习过的短语完成篇章：TheotherdayI（偶然遇到）anoldfriendofminewhenIwasgoingtothelibraryto（查阅）somebooks.Hetoldmehehadreadabook（碰巧）whosehero（瞧不起）women.Infact,manywomenhave（作出巨大贡献）tooursociety.（就我而言），womencanholduphalfthesky.Therefore,weshouldshowrespectfortheminourdailylife.Keys:cameacross;referto;bychance;lookeddownupon;madegreatcontributions;AsfarasI’mconcerned;【知识拓展】（该部分主要给老师做知识拓展补充，学生版可选择性呈现该部分或直接删去，建议根据学生情况选择性补充或拓展其他内容，不要求全部讲解）eacross(偶然)遇见，碰见eup(问题、计划等)被提出；升起；长出地面eupwith想到；提出eabout发生eout出来；出现；出版；(事实)暴露；结果是；(太阳、月亮或星星)出现referto提及，查阅，参考referencen.提及，涉及；参考，参考书forreference以备查阅【即学即练】完形填空节选题。1.IwatchedastheASLClubperformedtheirtranslationofasong.Boththehandmovementsandtheveryideaofmunicatingwithoutspeaking49me.A.disturbed B.supported C.embarrassed D.attracted2.Culturaldifferencesoccurwhereveryougo.Whenvisitinganothercountry,youshouldbeawareofthosedifferencesand___________them.A.reject B.recite C.respect D.remove3.Theparkwas,soittookussometimetofindanavailablesite.A.crowded B.dangerous C.ideal D.quietKeys:1.D【解析】考查动词辨析。disturb打扰；support支持；embarrass使……难堪；attract吸引。分析语境可知ASL俱乐部的表演吸引了作者，否则作者也不会主动去学习手语。故选D。2.C【解析】考查动词词义及语境运用。语境是＂去另一个国家，要意识到这个国家的文化与本国文化之间的差异并尊重这种差异＂。A.reject排斥；B.recite背诵；C.respect尊重；D.remove去除。C项正确。3.A【解析】后面的内容＂soittookussometimetofindanavailablesite＂表示＂我们花了一段时间找到可用的地方＂，所以A＂拥挤的＂适合。B表示＂危险的＂；C表示＂理想的＂；D表示＂安静的＂。【查漏补缺】真题大练兵1.Thehomeownerwasvery__________(help).2.It’sanamazingacplishmentandonewecannotachievewithout__________(慷慨的)supportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.3.Menandwomenmustbetreated__________________（平等地）ineducationandemployment.4.Itstartswithlookinginsideyourselfandunderstandingwhoyouare____________________(带着敬意)tothenaturalworldandhowyouapproachthegardeningprocess.5.(2017·江苏改编)Fewwanttolivewithoutsearchenginesoraquick______________(deliver).6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase＂thewatercatcher＂inparagraph2______________(指的是)?7.Thetheater______________(观众)saidgoodbyeasBradfordlockedthedoorsforthelasttime.8.Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyounger______________(代).Keys:1.helpful；2.generous;3.equally;4.withrespect5.delivery;6.referto7.audience;8.generation【梳理优化】1、学生在“巩固练习”阶段掌握不好，就回到“精准突破”，补救学习。一、词性转换1.achievementn.成就；功绩→achievevt.取得；实现；成功→achievableadj.可达到的2.respectvt.&n.尊敬，尊重；敬意→respectfuladj.恭敬的；有礼貌的→respectableadj.值得尊重的；体面的→respectiveadj.分别的，各自的→respectedadj.受敬重的，值得尊敬的3.arguevt.&vi.讨论；辩论；争论→argumentn.争论；争辩；争吵；论据，论证4.entertainmentn.款待；娱乐；娱乐表演→entertainvt.娱乐；招待，款待5.crowdn.人群，观众vt.挤满；使拥挤→crowdedadj.拥挤的6.inspirevt.鼓舞；激发，启示→inspiredadj.有灵感的；受到鼓励的→inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的7.supportn.&vt.支持；拥护→supportiveadj.支持的；辅助性的8.delivervt.递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)→deliveryn.传递；分娩学生在“巩固练习”阶段掌握很好，就拓展延伸。掌握阅读理解中的细节理解题的类型阅读理解的题型无外乎四大题型：细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题。1.细节理解题（1）直接细节题：此类题是对原文直接信息的考察，只要理解字面意思即可答题。（2）间接细节题：此类题往往不能直接找到答案，需要对信息进行加工处理，简单归纳、概括才能答题。（3）是非判断题：此类题型有两种形式：三对一错或三错一对。一般情况下此类题中出现all,never,only等完全肯或完全否定的词时，及排除。（4）排列顺序题：此类题一般在选项中列举一些具体的事实，然后让考生进行排序，做这类型题根据事情的发生的先后顺序或时间顺序以及句子间的逻辑关系。（5）图文匹配题：这类型的题比较简单，因为它增加了试题的直观性，此类题分两种：一是依文选图；二是依图选文。（6）数字计算题：此类题会涉及年代、人物年龄、需付钱数等计算。做这类型题，把文中出现的数字全都做上标记，找出相关计算方式计算即可得出答案。细节理解题中直接细节题的解题技巧：题干定位法题干定位法是做事实细节题最基本也是最常用的方法。事实细节题主要考查对某句话或某几句话的理解，可根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。“题干定位法”分为三步：第一步：先通过题干信息来选择定位词。定位词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词，即问题的核心信息。第二步：在原文中查找定位词或定位词的近义词，找出相关的句子。第三步：分析这些句子和选项，得出正确答案。【例】Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy，peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing，whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint，goblue.1．Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople.A．digestfoodbetterB．reducefoodintakeC．burnmorecaloriesD．regaintheirappetitesKeys：B解析：细节理解题。题干中的Ahomeenvironmentinblue对应文章中的peoplewhoatemealsinablueroom，可知在蓝色的房间内人吃的相对较少。优化：补充、完善初步总结的解题方法；B.解决元认知问题；C.信息精细化加工；D.需要记忆的教给记忆诀窍等；E.图式。A.补充、完善初步总结的解题方法。一、常考题型：1.完型填空;2.阅读理解题;3.语法填空题4.书面表达二、解题技巧语法填空题中词汇的解题技巧1.判断空格中所需单词的词性；2.观察所给单词的词性和所需单词词性是否一致；3.根据题目修改相应的单词形式B.信息精细化加工（归类、分类、类比、比较、联想、想象等）1.选取本次课学习的（至少）5个词汇写出一篇短文。E.图式。1.利用近义词、同义词、反义词转换等带出新的语言。2.利用paraphrase评价和转换语言，利用已有认知图式结合情境学习新的目标词汇。【强化巩固】完形填空Ihaverecentlybeenreflectingonthesecretofouronlinesuccess.Thiswebsitehasnowbeenin1forovertwelveyearsandwhenmyeldestsonJeremysuggestedtheidea,Iwasn’tsurethatattheageof69,Iwouldbeableto2sufficientinterest,ormaintaintheoutputofreadablematerial3tofillthepages!NowIamdelightedtosaythatat80,myenthusiasmremainsandwiththe4fromanumberoffriendsinthestorytellingandmagicmunities,Iamnow5thenextlevel.Imustatthispointsayabig“Thankyou!”toourwebhostKenEvoyatSiteBuildit!Hehassupportedusfromtheverybeginningwith6helpandadviceandmuchofthe7foroursuccessgoestohim.Myintentionfromthestartwastoproduceamagazinestylepresentationthatwasentertaining,anduserfriendly.Thename‘TheStorytellingResourceCentre’haskeptme8andonmytoes!Outofcuriosity,we9theAlexaTrafficRatingswebsite.Wediscoveredtoouramazementand10thatwewereamongthetop1%ofwebsites11worldwide!Thiswasalmost12duetoSiteBuildIt!andtheadvicewereceivefromthem.Thoseofyouwhohavebeen13visitorsoverthelastfewyearswillhavenoticedthatwereorganisedthepageswiththewebhost’s14.Thesuccesswasimmediate!Wecontinuetoreceiveuptotheminuteadvicefromthemandwearenowoneofthemostvisitedstorytellingwebsites!Inaddition,SiteBuiltit!hostsawonderfulforumwhereeveryoneisweled.YOUROWNwebsite,thengiveyourselfarealchancetoIfyouarelookingtocreateorimprove,make15money!Youwon’tbedisappointed!1.A.danger B.existence C.dilemma D.power2.A.grow B.arouse C.keep D.catch3.A.required B.designed C.passed D.supported4.A.advertisement B.attraction C.promotion D.encouragement5.A.ingupwith B.gettingawaywith C.lookingforwardto D.holdingfastto6.A.voluntary B.valuable C.individual D.medical7.A.focus B.reason C.credit D.part8.A.disappointed B.discouraged C.amused D.motivated9.A.approached B.accessed C.received D.connected10.A.delight B.surprise C.sorrow D.anger11.A.troubled B.built C.visited D.hosted12.A.heavily B.entirely C.slightly D.seriously13.A.seasonal B.casual C.rare D.regular14.A.information B.direction C.intention D.education15.A.easy B.pocket C.serious D.businessKeys:本文讲述了作者在高龄时创建网站并取得成功的故事。作者不仅介绍了自己的创办初衷，并且大力感谢给予帮助的人，尤其是网站主持人。1.B考查名词。A.danger危险；B.existence存在；C.dilemma困境；D.power力量；句意：这个网站已经存在12年多了。故选B。2.C考查动词。A.grow生长；B.arouse引起；C.keep保持；D.catch抓住；句意：我不确定69岁还能保持足够的兴趣，故选C。3.A考查动词。A.required要求；B.designed设计；C.passed递给；D.supported支持；句意：或者是维持可读材料能填满网页的要求，故选A。4.D考查名词。A.advertisement广告；B.attraction吸引力；C.promotion促销；D.encouragement鼓励；句意：现在我可以很高兴的说，在80岁我的热情仍在并在一些讲故事和魔术团体的朋友的鼓励下。故选D。5.C考查动词短语。A.ingupwith提出；B.gettingawaywith携带某物逃跑；C.lookingforwardto盼望；D.holdingfastto紧紧抓住。句意：在80岁我的热情仍在并在一些讲故事和魔术团体的朋友的鼓励下，我期望达到另一个台阶。故选C。6.B考查形容词。A.voluntary自愿的；B.valuable有价值的；C.individual个人的；D.medical医学的；句意：他一开始就带着有价值的帮助和建议支持我们。故选B。7.C考查名词。A.focus焦点；B.reason原因；C.credit归功于；D.part部分；根据句意：他一开始就带着有价值的帮助和建议支持我们，我们成功大部分归功于他。故选C。8.D考查形容词。A.disappointed失望；B.discouraged气馁；C.amused愉快；D.motivated积极的；句意："讲故事资源中心”这个名字让我一直保持着积极进取的心态！故选D。9.B考查动词。A.approached接近；B.accessed使用；C.received收到；D.connected连接；句意：出于好奇我们使用流量等级网站。故选B。10.A考查名词。A.delight高兴；B.surprise惊讶；C.sorrow悲伤；D.anger愤怒；句意：使我们惊讶和高兴地是我们在世界范围内被访问的网站前百分之一内。故选A。11.C考查动词。A.troubled困扰；B.built建造；C.visited访问；D.hosted主持；句意：使我们惊讶和高兴地是我们在世界范围内被访问的网站前百分之一内。故选C。12.B考查副词。A.heavily沉重地；B.entirely完全地；C.slightly轻微地；D.seriously严重地；句意：这几乎完全归功于SiteBuildIt!和它的建议，故选B。13.D考查形容词。A.seasonal季节的；B.casual随便的；C.rare稀有的；D.regular有规律的；句意：你们这些过去几年来一直是常客的人会注意到，网页是由网页主人的指导组织好的。故选D。14.B考查名词。A.information信息；B.direction指导；C.intention目的；D.education教育；句意：你们这些过去几年来一直是常客的人会注意到，网页是由网页主人的指导组织好的。故选B。15.C考查形容词。A.easy容易；B.pocket口袋；C.serious严肃；D.business生意；句意：如果你要创造、提高和挣严肃的钱，你将不会失望。C项符合语境。【课后练习】一、书面表达你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：1.人物简介；2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。注意：1.词数100左右；2.短文题目和首句已为你写好。ThepersonIrespectWehavealotofrespectablepeoplearoundus.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Keys:ThepersonIrespectWehavealotofrespectablepeoplearoundus.Theymaybeourteachers,parentsoroneofourelders.Asforme,myfatheristhepersonIrespectmost.Myfatherisateacherwholoveshisworkandhisstudentsverymuch.Heworksveryhardeverydaybuthewillalsosparesometimetoacpanymeandsharemanyfunnythingswithmeabouthiswork.WhenIeacrosstheproblemsoflearninginmystudy,myfatherwilllistentomepatientlyandencouragemetooverethedifficultiesbravely.Heachievedalotinhiswork,respectedbyhisstudents.So,inmymindmyfatheristhepersonIrespectmostandIlovehimdeeply.二、语法填空DoyouknowNelsonMandela?He1.______________(fight)fortheblackpeopleandwasinprisonforthirtyyears.Hehelpedtheblackpeopletogetequal2.______________(right)asthewhitepeople.Eliaswasastudentinaschool.Becausehisfamilycouldn’tafford3.______________(pay)theschool.______________(worry)whetherhewouldbeoutofwork.Itwasduringthisdifficultperiodoftime5.______________hemetNelsonMandelaforthefirsttime,whohadopened6.______________lawfirmtoadvisepoorblackpeopleontheirproblems.NelsonMandelasaidtoEliasthattheywereputinaposition7.______________theyhadeithertoaccepttheywerelessimportant,ortofightthegovernment.Sohedecidedtouse8.______________(violent).ThoughEliasdidn’tlikeviolence,hehelpedNelsonMandelablowupgovernmentbuildings.Heknewitwas9.______________(danger)todoit,buthealsoknewitwastorealize10.______________(they)dreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.Keys：1.fought 2.rights3.topay 4.worried5.that 6.a7.where 8.violence9.dangerous 10.their三、阅读理解JohnnyCashwasbornin1932inthesouthernstateofArkansas.Hisparentswerepoorcottonfarmers.Asaschoolboy,hebeganwritingsongsandheperformedonradioprograms.Afterhighschool,hejoinedtheUnitedStatesAirForceandservedasaradiooperatorinGermany.HereturnedtotheUnitedStatesin1954andformedabandwithtwofriendsandperformedatlocalevents.TheybeganrecordingforSunRecordsinMemphis.OneofthesongsCashwrotebecamethefirstcountrymusichitrecordforthepany.Itwas“Cry,Cry,Cry”.JohnnyCashperformedallacrosstheUnitedStatesandCanada.By1958,JohnnyCashwasasuccessfulrecordingartist,songwriterandsinger.HewasinvitedtoperformattheGrandOleOpryinNashville,Tennessee.JohnnyCashwonmanyawards,includingelevenGrammyAwardsandtheKennedyCenterHonors.HewaselectedtoboththeCountryMusicHallofFameandtheRockandRollHall