高三英语二轮复习阅读理解微技能训练代词导学案

阅读理解微技能训练代词找代词口诀见到代词找指代，指代通常在前方;

主代主，宾代宾，所有格，就近找;

平行结构有搭配，多重指代层层推;

单数复数都对应，主动被动要分清;

定位排除和代入，验证语意要记牢。“见到代词找指代，指代通常在前方”。这句话是代词指代题的总则，考生务必牢记：代词永远出现在原词之后，原词永远出现在代词之前。“主代主，宾代宾，所有格，就近找”。代词指代的语法规则非常严格，因此考生要优先考虑代词在句中充当的成分：主语、宾语、还是所有格代词，然后在前句中快速寻找对应的语法成分就可以轻松解题。例如：

WhenAmericansmovedfromoneplacetoanother,theytooktheirdialectswiththem.

题目中代词“they”在主句中充当主语成分，考生迅速定位前方从句中的主语“Americans”.

又例如所有格代词(你的、我的、他的等等)通常指代前文中最靠近该代词的核心名词：

Florists(花商)oftenrefrigerate（冷藏）cutflowerstoprotecttheirfreshappearance.

题目中的所有格代词“their”之前有两个名词“florists”和“flowers”，语法基础薄弱的学生要花些时间才能弄清楚所谓“他(它)们的”究竟是谁们的?事实上根据“就近原则”，在距离代词最近的地方找到符合句中语意的核心名词，就可以锁定答案。而上述句中距离“their”最近的名词时“flowers”。

3、“平行结构有搭配，多重指代层层推”。所谓平行结构实质就是分层次描述，阅读部分经常出现“notonly…，butalso…”，“one…，theother…”，“some…，others…”等固定搭配对两层或多层语意进行描写，通过对这种常见结构的把握，学生就可以快速锁定代词的所指。例如：

Manyadults,poorandboredwithfarmlife,wereattractedbythecitiesbypromisesofsteadyemployment,regularpaychecks,increasedaccesstogoodsandservices,andexpandedsocialopportunities.Otherswerepushedtherewhennewtechnologiesmadetheirlaborcheaporexpendable.

虽然上述语句语法结构和语意都较为复杂，但不难看出题目中“manyadults…，others…”是固定搭配，因此“others”做为代词所指代的名词必定是前文中的“adults”，。

此外，为了增加难度，对于代词指代的考察也经常在定位方面设置障碍，既通过一层推理很难锁定目标词汇。因此学生需要多一点耐心和多一份细心，在前文内容中层层回溯，逐一定位，抽丝剥茧，最终必然能够顺利解题。例如：

Acarpulledupbehindme.ItwasthecoupleIhadspokentoatthegasstation.Theysaidtheywouldtakemetomyfriends.Wechattedonthewayintothecity,andwhenIgotoutofthecar,thehusbandgavemehisbusinesscard.Iwrotehimandhiswifeathankyounoteforhelpingme.Soonafterwards,IreceivedaChristmaspresentfromthem.Theirnotethatcamewithitsaidthathelpingmehadmadetheirholidaysmeaningful.

经过层层上推，them和their指代的时上文中的thehusbandandhiswife

4、“单数复数都对应，主动被动要分清”。代词指代题中有一些常见陷阱，例如同时出现大量名词，有单数、有复数、有可数名词、也有不可数名词，让读者雾里看花;或是将前文中的主动句改写成后文的被动句，颠三倒四，让考学生晕脑胀。破解这种陷阱的手法其实很简单，无论怎样变化，代词指代总有一定之规，例如：

Inthepast,biologistsconsideredmushroomsandotherfungi（真菌）asatypeofnonfreeplant.Today,however,theyaremostmonlyregardedasaseparatekingdomoflivingthings.

本题中就不宜直接使用前文提到的“主语带主语”原则。代词出现的语句是被动句，因此“they”不再指代前文主语，而是指代前文中的宾语。那么“they”指代“mushroomsandotherfungi”还是“nonfreeplant”呢?学生不必感动彷徨无助，口诀中已经明确指出，代词的单复数必然与原词单复数一致，因此正确答案只能是“mushroomsandotherfungi”。

5、“定位排除和代入，验证语意要记牢”。总而言之，代词指代题的解题步骤清晰明了：第一步定位文中代词，用上述方法搜索原词;第二步分析选项，排除位置和语意不符的词汇;第三步带入原句中简单翻译，进行验证。

同学们务必注意，验证是十分必要的一步。一旦遇到拿不准的题目，只要花几秒钟时间将代词指代的成分带入原句中验证一下，真伪立辨，保证万无一失。练习阅读下列段落，注意段落中的黑体代词，判断其所指代的名词Boysandgirls,Ithinkmostofyouliketravelling.Usually,peoplefeelexcitedbeforeatour,butduringit1,they2mayfeelthey3arenotwellpreparedforit.it:;they:；they：Atfirsttheriverissmallandthewaterisclearandcold.Thenit1beginstomovequickly.It2beesrapidsasit3passesthroughdeepvalleys.it1:;it2:;it3:Lastyear,mysistervisitedourcousins,DaoWeiandYuHangattheircollegeinKunming.TheyareDaiandgrewupinwesternYunnanProvince.They:Althoughitwasautumn,thesnowwasalreadybeginningtofallinTibet.Ourlegsweresoheavyandcoldthattheyfeltlikeblocksofice.they:Thelakesshonelikeglassinthesettingsunandlookedwonderful.WangWeirodeinfrontofmeasusual.She1isveryreliableandIknewIdidn’tneedtoencourageher2.She1her2AskiresortinIrkutskSiberiahasputupan“icelibrary”nearLakeBaikalandencourages1000localsandtouristsaliketocarvetheir1wishesanddreamsinanylanguagethey2want.their1they2ThesamereportalsoaddedthatmanythinkRussia’sIceLibraryismadeofwondersasonewomansharedthatshewishedtovisitNewZealand’sHobbitlikelandsandcametrue.sheInthesummerof1885,nineyearoldJosephMeisterwasveryill.He1hadbeenwoundedbyasickdogthathadrabies,averydangerousdisease.HisparentsweretoldthattherewasprobablyonlyonemanwhocouldsaveJoseph’slife—LouisPasteur.WhenPasteurwasayoungboyinFrance,he2spentmanyhourseverydaywiththechemistwho3livedinhis4smalltown.He1he2who3his4Atthattime,thechemisthadtomakeallthemedicineshimself1.YoungLouisenjoyedwatchingthechemistashe2workedandhelpedthosepeoplewho3cametohim4eachday.himself1he2who3him4MostpeopleknowthatMarieCuriewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrize,andthefirstpersontowinittwice.However,fewpeopleknowthatshewasalsothemotherofaNobelwinner.sheBorninSeptember,1897,IreneCuriewasthefirstoftheCuries’twodaughters.Alongwithnineotherchildrentheparentsofwhomwerealsofamousscholars,Irenestudiedintheir1ownschool,andhermotherwasoneoftheteachers.She2finishedherhighschooleducationattheCollegeSevigneinParis.their1She2InDecember1924,FredericJoliotjoinedtheInstitution,andIrenetaughthimthetechniquesrequiredforhiswork.Theysoonfellinloveandweremarriedin1926.TheySometimes,peoplemaygetcaughtwiththeirpantsdown.Theyarefounddoingsomethingtheyshouldnotbedoing.Their_________they_________________InSeptember,1923,TokyoandYokohamawerebothdestroyedbyanearthquakeandthefiresthatfollowedit.Theyhadtobepletelyrebuilt.It________________they______________Ifyouareapersonwithgreatpatienceandlove,youcangototakecareofthehomelessandgivethemasmuchfortaspossible.Them_______________Alionwasawakenedfromsleepbyamouserunningoverhisface.Risingupangrily,hecaughthimandwasabouttokillhimwhenthemousepiteouslyentreated.His___________he____________him__________him_________TherearemanyAmericanexpressionsaboutinsectslikebees.forexample.Beesareknownasveryhardworkers.Theyalwaysappeartobebusy,movingaroundtheirhomes,orhives.They____________their_____________答案1it:atour;they:people；they：people2it1:theriver;it2:theriver;it3:theriver3They:ourcousins4they:ourlegs5S