2016年高考英语冲刺讲义(完型)

精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义学员编号：年级：高三课时数：3学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：余英授课类型C专题-完型填空考情分析C专题-完型填空之解题技巧T能力-完型填空之能力提高授课日期及时段教学内容专题知识梳理知识点1：近五年高考完形考情分析年份内容题材2011留住客户的必要性商务经济类2012人们成功寻求帮助的影响因素分析社会文化类2013经济全球化的利与弊商务经济类2014语言是人类的闲聊工具社会文化类2015人类相互吸引的三大影响因素社会文化类解析：从以上表格看出，高考完形填空的题材以社会文化及商务经济两大类为主，应作为冲刺阶段的复习重点。知识点2：高考完形填空必备词汇高考英语完型填空必备词汇词性20112012201320142015名词expensebudgetloyaltyrealitysimilarityfriendshipdonationvictimpovertyconflictpopulationoutcomeagreementprospectdescriptiongossipmotivationinspectionpriorityprinciplevirtuepassionillustrationintension动词emphasizeoverlookensuredenyalterrefusedeserveobtainseekcontributedefineignoreconsumewithdrawconfirmrejectoutlineconcludeconfessextendimposeinvestigatediagnoserecalldistinguishenhance形容词financialeconomicalsensitiveagreeableflexibleamusingplaintalkativetalentedcalmsmoothmaturelocalforeignpoliticalhistoricalvitalsensitiveidealthoughtfulindirectbeneficialintialrandomalertresistantsuperiorinsulting注：在选项中积累词汇是快速积累完型高频词汇的重要方法，尤其是真题中的词汇更是需要引导学生熟练掌握的重要内容。专题精讲2015年上海高考真题Ifyoustudiedpicturesthatancientpeopleleftonrockwallsandyoutriedtodeterminetheirmeaning,youwouldnotdetectadeepinterestinromanceamongtheartists.51,youwouldseeplentyofanimalswithpeoplerunningafterthem.Lifeforancientpeopleseemedtocenteronhuntingandgatheringwildfoodsformeals.Inmoderntimes,whenfoodisavailableingrocerystores,findingloveismore52topeople’slives.The53isallaroundus.Itiseasytopreparealistofmodernstorieshavingtodowithlove.Anendlessnumberofbooksandmoviesqualifyaslovestoriesinpopularculture.Researchersarestudyingwhetherlove,ahighlyvaluedemotionalstate,canbe54.Theyask,whatislove?Toothpastecompanieswantustothinkattractionisallaboutcleanteeth,butcleanteethgoonlysofar.Scientistswonderhowmuchthebraingetsinvolved.Youhaveprobablyheardthatoppositesattractbutthat55attract,too.Onethingiscertain:Thetruthaboutloveisnotyetsetinstone.FirstImpressionTohelpdeterminethe56ofattraction,researcherspaired164collegeclassmatesandhadthemtalkfor3,6or10minutessotheycouldgetasenseofeachother’sindividuality.Thenstudentswereaskedto57whatkindofrelationshiptheywerelikelytobuildwiththeirpartners.Afternineweeks,theyreportedwhathappened.Asitturnedout,their58judgmentsoftenheldtrue.Studentsseemedto59atanearlystagewhowouldbestfitintotheirlives.The60KnowsScientistshavealsoturnedtononhumanstoincreaseunderstandingofattraction.Manyanimalsgiveoffpheromones—naturalchemicalsthatcanbedetectedby,andthencanproducearesponsein,otheranimalsofthesamespecies.Pheromonescansignalthatananimaliseitherreadytofightorisfeeling61topartnerships.Incontrast,humansdonotseemtobeas62asotheranimalsatdetectingsuchchemicals.Smell,however,doesseemtoplayapartinhumanattraction.Althoughwemaynotbeawareofchemicalslikepheromonesconsciously,wegiveandreceiveloadsofinformationthroughsmellineveryinteractionwithotherpeople.FaceValueBeingfondofsomeoneseemstohaveanumberoffactors,includingseeingsomethingwefindattractive.Researchershadpeoplejudgefacesfor63.Theparticipantshad0.013secondstovieweachface,yetsomehowtheygenerallyconsideredtheimagesthesameaspeoplewhohadmoretimetostudythesamefaces.Thewaywe64attractivenessseemstobesomewhatautomatic.Whenshownanattractivefaceandthenwordswithgoodorbadassociations,peoplerespondedto65wordsfasterafterviewinganattractiveface.Seeingsomethingattractiveseemstocausehappythinking.51.A.Instead B.Therefore C.Moreover D.Otherwise52.A.romantic B.stressful C.central D.beneficial53.A.priority B.proof C.possibility D.principle54.A.tested B.imposed C.changed D.created55.A.appearances B.virtues C.similarities D.passions56.A.illustrations B.implications C.ingredients D.intensions57.A.predict B.investigate C.diagnose D.recall58.A.critical B.initial C.random D.mature59.A.memorize B.distinguish C.negotiate D.question60.A.Nose B.Eye C.Heart D.Hand61.A.open B.alert C.resistant D.superior62.A.disappointed B.amazed C.confused D.gifted63.A.emotions B.attractiveness C.individuality D.signals64.A.enhance B.possess C.maintain D.assess65.A.familiar B.plain C.positive D.insulting三、专题过关2014年上海高考真题Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'vejustwatchedorbookswe'vejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple__51__.Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,andwhatdowe__52__dowithit?Wegossip.Aboutothers'behaviourandprivatelives,suchaswho'sdoingwhatwithwhom,who'sinandwho'sout-andwhy;howtodealwithdifficult__53__situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues.Sowhyarewekeenongossiping?Arewejustnatural__54__,ofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?It'snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.Infact,inhislatestbook,Grooming,GossipandtheEvolutionofLanguage,thepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally__55__issues.Dunbar__56__thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectively,oreventopromotetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon'tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalk,arguesDunbar—__57__,hegoesontosay,languageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip.Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe__58__ofthehigherprimates（灵长类动物）likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming--cleaningthefurbybrushingit,monkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor__59__fromoutsideit.Aswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamily,Dunbar__60__thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthe__61__itprovided;ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto__62__thepressureandcalmeverybodydown.Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe__63__tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearly,amore__64__kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocal（有声的）groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one__65__contact.51.A.claim B.description C.gossip D.language52.A.occasionally B.habitually C.independently D.originally53.A.social B.political C.historical D.cultural54.A.admirers B.masters C.users D.wasters55.A.vitalB.sensitive C.ideal D.difficult56.A.confirms B.rejects C.outlines D.broadens57.A.forinstance B.inaddition C.onthecontrary D.asaresult58.A.motivationB.appearance C.emotion D.behaviour59.A.attackB.contact C.inspection D.assistance60.A.recalls B.denies C.concludes D.confesses61.A.prospectB.responsibility C.leadership D.protection62.A.measure B.show C.maintain D.ease63.A.saved B.extended C.consumed D.gained64.A.common B.efficient C.scientific D.thoughtful65.A.indirect B.daily C.physical D.secret四、学法提炼1、专题特点：重点考查学生的文章理解及单词在具体语境中的运用能力。2、解题方法：在把握文章主旨和结构的基础上，从上下文寻找解题线索。3、注意事项：从上下文中的逻辑关系确定选项。一、专题知识梳理---解题技巧汇总一、利用文章首句信息解题【例1】Overthepastfewdecades,moreandmorecountrieshaveopenedupthemarkets,increasinglytransformingtheworldeconomyintoonefree-flowingglobalmarket.Thequestionis:Iseconomicglobalization50forall?(2013年上海英语高考)50.A.possible B.smooth C.good D.easy【例2】Everyoneinbusinesshasbeentoldthatsuccessisallaboutattractingandretaining(留住)customers.Itsoundssimpleandachievable.But,50,wordsofwisdomaresoonforgotten.(2011年上海高考英语)A.inparticular B.inreality C.atleast D.firstofall【例3】Mostpeoplebelievetheydon’thavemuchimagination.Theyare50.Everyonehasimagination.(2009年上海高考英语)50.A.wrong B.unbelievable C.reasonable D.realistic二、利用逻辑关系解题【例1】Criticstakeadifferentview,believingthateconomicglobalizationisactually57thegapbetweentherichandpoor.(2013年上海高考英语)57.A.finding B.exploring C.bridging D.widening【例2】Insomesituations,thosewhoarephysicallyattractivearemorelikelytoreceiveaid.__56,inafieldstudyresearchersplacedacompletedapplicationtograduateschoolinatelephoneboxattheairport.(2012年上海高考英语)56.A.AtfirstB.AboveallC.InadditionD.Forexample【例3】Acustomerwhoreceivesapoorqualityproductorserviceontheirfirstvisitand58__neverreturns,islosingthecompanythousandsofdollarsinpotentialprofits.(2011年上海高考英语)58.A.asaresult B.onthewhole C.inconclusion D.onthecontrary【例4】Whatisthepurposeofthedressrehearsalsandtheout-of-townpreviewsthatmanyBroadwayshowsgothrough?Theanswerisadding,deleting,replacing,reordering,51__revising.(2010年上海高考英语)51.A.inparticularB.asaresultC.forexampleD.inotherwords【例5】Thinkaboutyourgoalandthenewpossibilities.Ifyourgoalistolearntoski,60,youcannowpracticeskiingeverydayofyourlife(becauseyouhavethetimeandthemoney).(2009年上海高考英语)60.A.infactB.inparticularC.asawholeD.forexample三、利用词汇复现解题【例1】Themeasureofhelpingwaswhethertheindividualwhofoundtheenvelopeactuallymaileditornot.Resultsshowedthatpeopleweremorelikelyto59_theapplicationifthepersoninthephotowasphysicallyattractive.(2012年上海高考英语)59.A.sendinB.throwawayC.filloutD.turndown【例2】Thelogicbehindcultivatingcustomer60isimpossibletodeny.“Inpracticemostcompanies’marketingeffortisfocusedongettingcustomers,withlittleattentionpaidtokeepingthem”.(2011年上海高考英语)60.A.beliefs B.loyalty C.habits D.interest【例3】Whenyourevise,youchangeaspectsofyourworkinresponsetoyourevolvingpurpose,ortoinclude55ideasornewlydiscoveredinformation.(2010年上海高考英语)55.A.fixedB.ambitiousC.familiarD.fresh【例4】DoIeverlosesightofmypurpose?HaveIgivenmyreadersallofthe63thatis,facts,opinions.(2010年上海高考英语)63.A.anglesB.evidenceC.informationD.hints四、利用对比信息解题【例1】SmallfarmersinBrazilwhoproducenutsthatwouldoriginallyhavesoldonlyin56__open-airmarketscannowpromotetheirgoodsworldwidebytheInternet.(2013年上海高考英语)56.A.mature B.new C.local D.foreign【例2】Whenlarge-scalemanufacturersstarttoproducethesamegoods,orwhensuperstoreslikeWal-Martmovein,thesesmallbusinesseswillnotbeableto62andwillbecrowdedout.(2013年上海高考英语)62.A.keepup B.comein C.goaround D.helpout【例3】Thephotoattachedtotheapplicationwassometimesthatofavery58personandsometimesthatofalessattractiveperson.(2012年上海高考英语)58.A.talentedB.good-lookingC.helpfulD.hard-working【例4】Makingconnections:Thistechniqueinvolvestaking54ideasandtryingtofindlinksbetweenthem.(2009年上海高考英语)54.A.familiarB.unrelatedC.creativeD.imaginary五、利用语义理解解题【例1】AstudycarriedoutbytheU.N.-sponsoredWorldCommissionontheSocialDimensionofGlobalizationshowsthatonlyafewdevelopingcountrieshaveactually58fromintegrationintotheworldeconomy.(2013年上海高考英语)58.A.suffered B.profited C.learned D.withdrawn【例2】__53toconcentrateonretainingaswellasattractingcustomerscostsbusinesshugeamountsofmoneyannually.(2011年上海高考英语)53.A.Moving B.Hoping C.Starting D.Failing【例3】However,don'tmakethemistakeofskippingtherevisionstagethatfollows58.(2010年上海高考英语)58.A.draftingB.rearrangingC.performingD.training二、专题精讲2013年上海高考真题Overthepastfewdecades,moreandmorecountrieshaveopenedupthemarkets,increasinglytransformingtheworldeconomyintoonefree-flowingglobalmarket.Thequestionis:Iseconomicglobalization__50__forall?AccordingtotheWorldBank,oneofitschiefsupporters,economicglobalizationhashelpedreduce__51__inalargenumberofdevelopingcountries.Itquotesonestudythatshowsincreasedwealth__52__toimprovededucationandlongerlifeintwenty-fourdevelopingcountriesasaresultofintegration(融合)oflocaleconomiesintotheworldeconomy.Hometosomethreebillionpeople,thesetwenty-fourcountrieshaveseenincomes__53__atanaveragerateoffivepercent--comparedtotwopercentindevelopedcountries.Thosewho__54__globalizationclaimthateconomiesindevelopingcountrieswillbenefitfromnewopportunitiesforsmallandhome-basedbusinesses.__55__,smallfarmersinBrazilwhoproducenutsthatwouldoriginallyhavesoldonlyin__56__open-airmarketscannowpromotetheirgoodsworldwidebytheInternet.Criticstakeadifferentview,believingthateconomicglobalizationisactually__57__thegapbetweentherichandpoor.AstudycarriedoutbytheU.N.-sponsoredWorldCommissionontheSocialDimensionofGlobalizationshowsthatonlyafewdevelopingcountrieshaveactually__58__fromintegrationintotheworldeconomyandthatthepoor,theuneducated,unskilledworkers,andnativepeopleshavebeenleftbehind.__59__,theymaintain(坚持认为)thatglobalizationmayeventuallythreatenemergingbusinesses(新兴行业).Forexample,Indiancraftsmenwhocurrentlyseemtobenefitfromglobalizationbecausetheyareableto__60__theirproductsmaysoonfacefiercecompetitionthatcouldputthemoutof__61__.Whenlarge-scalemanufacturersstarttoproducethesamegoods,orwhensuperstoreslikeWal-Martmovein,thesesmallbusinesseswillnotbeableto__62__andwillbecrowdedout.Onethingiscertainaboutglobalization--thereisno__63__.Advancesintechnologycombinedwithmoreopenpolicieshavealreadycreatedaninterconnectedworld.The__64__nowisfindingawaytocreateakindofglobalizationthatworksforthebenefitofall.50.A.possible B.smooth C.good D.easy51.A.crime B.poverty C.conflict D.population52.A.contributing B.responding C.turning D.owing53.A.remain B.drop C.shift D.increase54.A.doubt B.define C.advocate D.ignore55.A.Inaddition B.Forinstance C.Inotherwords D.Allinall56.A.mature B.new C.local D.foreign57.A.finding B.exploring C.bridging D.widening58.A.suffered B.profited C.learned D.withdrawn59.A.Furthermore B.Therefore C.However D.Otherwise60.A.consume B.deliver C.export D.advertise61.A.trouble B.business C.power D.mind62.A.keepup B.comein C.goaround D.helpout63.A.takingoff B.gettingalong C.holdingout D.turningback64.A.agreement B.prediction C.outcome D.challenge三、专题过关2012年上海高考真题PeopleonacollegecampusweremorelikelytogivemoneytotheMarchofDimesiftheywereaskedforadonationbyadisabledwomaninawheelchairthanifaskedbyanondisabledwoman.Inanother50,subwayridersinNewYorksawamancarryingastickstumble(绊脚)andfalltothefloor.Sometimesthevictimhadalargeredbirthmarkonhis51;sometimeshedidnot.Inthissituation,thevictimwasmorelikelyto52aidifhisfacewasspotlessthanifhehadanunattractivebirthmark.In53theseandotherresearchfindings,twothemesare54:wearemorewillingtohelppeoplewelikeforsomereasonandpeoplewethink55assistance.Insomesituations,thosewhoarephysicallyattractivearemorelikelytoreceiveaid.56,inafieldstudyresearchersplacedacompletedapplicationtograduateschoolinatelephoneboxattheairport.Theapplicationwasreadytobe57,buthadapparentlybeen“lost”.Thephotoattachedtotheapplicationwassometimesthatofavery58personandsometimesthatofalessattractiveperson.Themeasureofhelpingwaswhethertheindividualwhofoundtheenvelopeactuallymaileditornot.Resultsshowedthatpeopleweremorelikelyto59theapplicationifthepersoninthephotowasphysicallyattractive.Thedegreeof60betweenthepotentialhelperandthepersoninneedisalsoimportant.Forexample,peoplearemorelikelytohelpastrangerwhoisfromthesamecountryratherthanaforeigner.Inonestudy,shoppersonabusystreetinScotlandweremorelikelytohelpapersonwearinga(n)61T-shirtthanapersonwearingaT-shirtprintedwithoffensivewords.Whetherapersonreceiveshelpdependsinpartonthe“worth”ofthecase.Forexample,shoppersinasupermarketweremorelikelytogivesomeone62tobuymilkratherthantobuycookies,probablybecausemilkisthoughtmoreessentialfor63thancookies.PassengersonaNewYorksubwayweremorelikelytohelpamanwhofelltothegroundifheappearedtobe64ratherthandrunk.A.study B.way C.word D.collegeA.hand B.arm C.face D.backA.refuse B.beg C.lose D.receiveA.challenging B.recording C.understanding D.publishingA.important B.possible C.amusing D.missingA.seek B.deserve C.obtain D.acceptA.Atfirst B.Aboveall C.Inaddition D.ForexampleA.printed B.mailed C.rewritten D.signedA.talented B.good-looking C.helpful D.hard-workingA.sendin B.throwaway C.fillout D.turndownA.similarity B.friendship C.cooperation D.contactA.expensive B.plain C.cheap D.strangeA.time B.instructions C.money D.chancesA.shoppers B.research C.children D.healthA.talkative B.handsome C.calm D.sick四、学法提炼做题方法：1、通读全文，理解大意；2、瞻前顾后，避难就易；3、复读全文，解决残敌；4、再次复读，弥补疏漏。备考建议：1、常见高频词的整理汇总，并对“一词多义”“熟词生义”进行归纳；2、逻辑关系中的转折和因果真题范例学习及积累；3、“先扬后抑”、“先抑后扬”写作套路的完型语篇阅读与思考。能力培养能力1：培养学生获取文字信息的能力：理解事实、辨认细节；能力2：培养学生理解单词表层含义以及深层含义的能力，能对文章进行合理的推理判断；能力3：培养学生理解主旨大意、综合事实的能力；培养学生在把握整体的前提下，充分利用上下文，选择最佳选项的能力。能力检测2011年上海高考真题Everyoneinbusinesshasbeentoldthatsuccessisallaboutattractingandretaining(留住)customers.Itsoundssimpleandachievable.But,50,wordsofwisdomaresoonforgotten.Oncecompanieshaveattractedcustomerstheyoften51thesecondhalfofthestory.Intheexcitementofbeatingoffthecompetition,negotiatingprices,securingorders,anddeliveringtheproduct,managerstendtobecomecarriedaway.Theyforgetwhattheyregardastheboringsideofbusiness—52thatthecustomerremainsacustomer.53toconcentrateonretainingaswellasattractingcustomerscostsbusinesshugeamountsofmoneyannually.Ithasbeenestimatedthattheaveragecompanylosesbetween10and30percentofitscustomerseveryyears.Inconstantlychanging54,thisisnotsurprising.Whatissurprisingisthefactthatfewcompanieshaveanyideahowmanycustomerstheyhavelost.Onlynowareorganizationsbeginningtowakeuptothoselostopportunitiesandcalculatethe55implications.Cuttingdownthenumberofcustomersacompanylosescanmakeabig56initsperformance.ResearchintheUSfoundthatafivepercentdecreaseinthenumberofdefecting(流失的)customersledto57increasesofbetween25and85percent.IntheUS,Domino’sPizzaestimatesthataregularcustomerisworthmorethan$5,000overtenyears.Acustomerwhoreceivesapoorqualityproductorserviceontheirfirstvisitand58neverreturns,islosingthecompanythousandsofdollarsin59profits(moreifyouconsiderhowmanypeopletheyarelikelytotellabouttheirbadexperience).Thelogicbehindcultivatingcustomer60isimpossibletodeny.“Inpracticemostcompanies’marketingeffortisfocusedongettingcustomers,withlittleattentionpaidto61them”,saysAdrianPayneofCornfieldUniversity’SchoolofManagement.“Researchsuggeststhatthereisacloserelationshipbetweenretainingcustomersandmakingprofits.62customerstendtobuymore,arepredictableandusuallycostlesstoservicethannewcustomers.Furthermore,theytendtobelessprice63,andmayprovidefreeword-of-mouthadvertising.Retainingcustomersalsomakesit64forcompetitorstoenteramarketorincreasetheirshareofamarket.A.inparticular B.inreality C.atleast D.firstofallA.emphasize B.doubt C.overlook D.believeA.denying B.ensuring C.arguing D.provingA.Moving B.Hoping C.Starting D.FailingA.markets B.tastes C.prices D.expensesA.culture B.social C.financial D.EconomicalA.promise B.plan C.mistake D.differenceA.cost B.opportunity C.profit D.budgetasaresult B.onthewhole C.inconclusion D.onthecontraryA.huge B.potential C.extra D.reasonableA.beliefs B.loyalty C.habits D.interestA.altering B.understanding C.keeping D.attractingA.Assumed B.Respected C.Established D.UnexpectedA.agreeable B.flexible C.friendly D.sensitiveA.unfair B.difficult C.essential D.convenient三、能力点评在把握文章主旨和结构的基础上，分析上下文逻辑关系的能力。课后作业2010年上海高考真题Thefirstattemptofeventhemosttalentedartists,musicians,andwritersisseldomamasterpiece,Ifyouconsideryourdraftsasdressrehearsals(彩排),ortryouts,revisingwillseemanaturalpartofthewriting50．Whatisthepurposeofthedressrehearsalsandtheout-of-townpreviewsthatmanyBroadwayshowsgothrough?Theanswerisadding,deleting,replacing,reordering,51revising．Andrew