2024年高考英语（全国通用）：热点练7 阅读理解话题生态环保 （教师版）

热点练07阅读理解话题生态保护

“生态环保”是普通高中英语课程标准话题之一，亦是高考英语常考话

题。本话题包括动植物保护、生态保护、自然灾害、环境污染和保护等方面。

这些话题与学生的生活息息相关，联系密切。通过对这些话题的学习以及高

考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生多注意身边的人和事、关注社会环境、

树立环保意识、学会与大自然和谐相处。

［满分技巧

策略■耀文倭特画主题句：背景引入后'首句

四个部分：标题(简明揭示中心)、背景(引入)、主题(明确提出主题+详细说明)--通

过实验、研究、举例、对比等方式进行以及结尾--简要概括中心

策略二：抓关键句--首末句+作者态度句；

策略三：抓出题处：⑴在列举处命题。⑵在例证处命题(3)转折

but,yet,however,nevertheless,rather,though,although,while,infact,asamatteroffact,ontheother

hand,bycontrast)

⑷在比较处命题，无端的比较、相反的比较、偷换对象的比较，经常出现在干扰项中，考

生要标记并且关注到原文中的比较，才能顺利地排除干扰。

⑸在复杂句中命题，包括同位词、插入语、定语、从句、不定式等，命题者主要考查考生对

句子之间的指代关系和语法关系。

(6)带总结归纳(thus,so,therefor,accordingly,consequently,asaresult,inaword,insumniaryjn

brief);

(7)表达观点，总括的动词(believe,think.assume,suggest,show,conclude,findthat,drawthe

conclusionthat,discoverthat);

(8)问句-设问句'反问句(问句中的内容和答案…即文章作者要介绍的主题或观点)

策略四：判断推理题

1.不能夸大事实，过度推断。

2.不能主观臆断，无中生有。

3.文中细节，事实不是推断

--------------------------H&t

热点话题

环境保护

动物保护

1r

限时检测

真题链接

Passage1

（2021全国乙卷C篇）You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7

milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakea

difference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassive

sculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-use

plasticproducts.

Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“StrawpocalypseJapairof

1O-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfrom

severalvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlace

shoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource

（来源）ofplasticpollution,butthey'verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneed

themtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Every

strawthat'spartofVonWong'sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlya

fewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.

Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（说明）aspecificstatistic:Every60

seconds,atruckload'sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“Truckloadof

Plastic,“VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,which

werethentiedtogethertolooklikethey'dbeendumped（倾倒）fromatruckallatonce.

VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplastic

footprint.

1.WhatareVonWong'sartworksintendedfor?

A.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.

C.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.D.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.

2.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?

A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.

B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.

C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodemart.

D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.

3.Whateffectwould"TruckloadofPlastic^^haveonviewers?

A.Calming.B.Disturbing.

C.Refreshing.D.Challenging.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Artists9OpinionsonPlasticSafety

B.MediaInterestinContemporaryArt

C.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompanies

D.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures

【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了艺术家BenjaminVonWong使用海洋中的塑

料垃圾制作了一个巨型雕塑，极其震撼，引发人们对塑料污染的反思。

I.推理判断题。根据第一段“Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewers

tore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.（他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫

使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系）“可知，VonWong用塑料垃圾制作雕塑，是

想让人们重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系，引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。故选C项。

2.推理判断题。根据第三段“Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebyno

meansthebiggestsource（来源）ofplasticpollution,butthey,verecentlycomeunderfirebecause

mostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,they

cannotberecycled.（全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染源，但

它们最近却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，

无法回收利用）”可知，塑料吸管体积小、重量轻，无法回收利用。由此推知，作者在第二段

讨论塑料吸管是为了展示它们回收的难度。故选A项。

3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Inapieceform2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（说明）a

specificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload'sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,

titled"TruckloadofPlastic,"VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000

piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey'dbeendumped（倾倒）froma

（ruckallalonce.（在2018年的一个作品中，VonWong想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60

秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，VonWong和一群志愿者收

集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的）''

可知，这个作品以创新的方式让人们了解到塑料垃圾以很快的速度和很大的量倾入海洋，刷

新了观众对海洋塑料污染的认知。由此推知，这个作品会让观众对塑料垃圾进入海洋造成污

染这件事感到不安。故选B项。

4,主旨大意题。根据第一段“Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?Artist

BenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplastic

garbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.（但——根塑

料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家BenjaminVonWong想让你知道，它确实

如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系）”

及下文陈述可知，艺术家BenjaminVonWong通过使用海洋塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法，

引发人们对塑料污染的反思。由此可知，“海洋塑料变成雕塑以作文章标题。故选D项。

Passage2

（2020全国H卷C篇）InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.The

bridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpected

perhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.

Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywas

flatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,it

wasbeginningtosway（晃动）.Theauthoritiesclosedaccesstothebridgeandtensofthousandsof

peoplemadetheirwaybacktoland.Adisasterwasavoided.

ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：UnderstandingFailure,abookthatisatonce

alovelettertoengineeringandapaean（赞歌）toitsbreakdowns.Itsauthor,Dr.HenryPetroski,

haslongbeenwritingaboutdisasters.Inthisbook,heincludesthelossofthespaceshuttles（航天

飞机）ChallengerandColumbia,andthesinkingoftheTitanic.

Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothought

themuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewto

considerthelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagood

designisconstructedwithlowqualitymaterialsincompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworks

sowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,

suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.

Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesanda

movingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineers

canbehelpedtograspthem.

"Successissuccessbutthatisallthatitis,"Dr.Petroskiwrites.Itisfailurethatbrings

improvement.

5.WhathappenedtotheGoldenGateBridgeonits50thbirthday?

A.Itcarriedmoreweightthanitcould.

B.Itswayedviolentlyinastrongwind

C.Itsroadwaywasdamagedbyvehicles

D.Itsaccesswasblockedbymanypeople.

6.WhichofthefollowingisDr.Petroski'sideaaccordingtoparagraph3?

A.Nodesigniswellreceivedeverywhere

B.Constructionismoreimportantthandesign.

C.Notalldisastersarecausedbyengineeringdesign

D.Improvementsonengineeringworksarenecessary.

7.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?

A.Failurecanleadtoprogress.B.Successresultsinoverconfidence

C.Failureshouldbeavoided.D・Successcomesfromjointefforts.

8.Whatisthetext?

A.AnewsreportB.Ashortstory.

C.AbookreviewD.Aresearcharticle.

【答案】5.A6.C7.A8.C

【分析】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书《原谅设计：理解失败》的评

论，工程设计可能会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败才能带来进步.

5.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.

Thebridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpected

perhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.

Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingtenible：theroadwaywas

flatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,it

wasbeginningtosway”可以看出，1987年5月，金门大桥举行了一个50岁生日聚会。这座

桥禁止机动车通行，人们可以在桥上散步。组织者预计将有5万人到场。相反，多达80万

人挤满了通往大桥的道路。当25万人在桥上时，工程师们注意到了一个可怕的现象：路面

在被要求承载的最重荷载作用下变得平了。更糟的是，它开始晃动。因此可以看出，金门大

桥50岁生日那天，它的重量超过了它的承受能力。故选A。

6.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfail

becausethepersonwhothoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbook

Dr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.

Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwithlowqualitymaterials

incompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,

withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.”可矢口，虽

然他承认工程设计可能会因为那些想出或设计它们的人只是把事情弄错了失败，但在这本书

中，彼得罗斯基博士拓宽了他的视野，考虑了这种失败发生的更大背景。有时，由于一个好

的设计是用不合格的低质量材料建造的，所以装置会失败。或者，一个设计工作得如此好，

以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采用，用似乎是无害的改进，直到突然间，它完全不起作

用了。因此可以推测出，根据第三段，不是所有的灾难都是由工程设计引起的是彼得罗斯基

博士的想法。故选C。

7.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知，失败才能

带来进步。因此可以看出，A项与此相呼应，即失败能带来进步，故选A。

8.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：Understanding

Failure,abookthatisatoncealovelettertoengineeringandapaean（赞歌）toitsbreakdowns.”

可知，这个故事是《原谅设计：理解失败》一书中的一个，这本书既是对工程的一封情书，

也是对其崩溃的赞歌。并且后面两段都在写这本书里的内容以及评价，再根据倒数第二段的

“Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesanda

movingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineers

canbehelpedtograspthem.”可知，读者不仅会遇到他们以前听过的故事，还会遇到一些新的

故事和关于工程师对公众的责任以及如何帮助年轻工程师掌握它们的动人讨论。再结合最后

一段“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以推测出，这些

内容都是关于这本书的评论，因为这篇文章是书评，故选C。

Passage3

（2020新高考II卷D篇）AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,both

thesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.And

contrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorder

largeportions（份），it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.

Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwo

experiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabto

ostensibly（表面上）participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,each

womanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfood

first.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspecially

designedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.

Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipants

followedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantly

morewhentheactorwasthin.

Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.

Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipants

followedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.

Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remaking

decisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe'THhavewhatshe's

having,,effect.However,we'lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalarge

portion,1*11holdbackabitbecause1seetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsa

lot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?

9.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?

A.Foodsafety.B.Movieviewership.

C.Consumerdemand.D.Eatingbehavior.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles“inparagraph1referto?

A.Bigeaters.B.Overweightpersons.

C.Pickyeaters.D.Tallthinpersons.

11.Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?

A.Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.

B.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.

C.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.

D.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.

12.Onwhatbasisdowe“adjusttheinfluence"accordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Howhungryweare.B.Howslimwewanttobe.

C.Howweperceiveothers.D.Howwefeelaboutthefood.

【答案】9.D10.D11.A12.C

【分析】本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们

的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。

9.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumer

Research,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfood

intake”可知，根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会

影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。

10.词义猜测题。根据前半句"Andcontraiytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideating

withheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体

重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是Ihebeanpoleswilhbig

appetiteso由contraryto可推断出,画线词和heavierpeople（超重的人）相反，结合选项，

D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavierpeople正好相反。故选Do

11.推理判断题。根据第二段的“Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,the

researchersconductedtwoexperimcnts"uj知，为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人

员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大

量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用

的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。

12.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,Tilhold

backabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,Filfollow

suit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我

会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如

果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如

何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。

Passage4

（2020浙江1月卷B篇）Milwaukee,Wisconsin,isroadtestinganewwaytokeepwinterroads

ice-free—byspreadingonthemcheesebrine,thesaltyliquidusedtomakesoftcheeses,like

mozzarella.

Wisconsin,alsocalled“America'sDairyland,isfamousforitscheese.Thestateproduced

2.8billionpoundsofcheeselastyear!Asaresult,therewasalotofleftovercheesebrine.

Disposingof（处置）thebrinecanbeexpensive.Sowhatshouldcheesemakersdowiththewaste?

Normally,townsuserocksalttode-icestreets.Thesaltlowerswater'sfreezingpoint,

causingicetomelt（融化）.Butusingcheesebrinecouldhelpbothcheeseproducersandcities

savemoney,whilekeepingroadssafe.Cheesebrinehassaltinit,which,liketherocksalt,helps

lowerwater'sfreezingpoint.

Inadditiontosavingmoney,cheesebrinecouldalsobeamoreeco-friendlyoption.Many

peoplesuspectthatalltherocksaltusedeverywinterisharmingtheenvironment.

Rocksaltismadeofsodiumchloride,thesamecompound（化合物）inordinarytablesalt.

Soundsharmless,right?Butwhileyouprobablyaddonlyasmallamountofsalttoyourfood,

roadcrewsspreadabout20milliontonsofsaltonU.S.roadseveryyear!

Thechemicalwashesoffroadsandgoesintotheground.Thereitcanpollutedrinkingwater,

harmplants,andeatawaysoil.Byspreadingcheesebrineonstreetsbeforeaddingalayerofrock

salt,Milwaukeemaybeabletocutitsrocksaltuseby30percent.

Cheesebrinehasadownsidetoo-asmellsimilartothatofbadmilk."Idon'treallymind

it,“EmilNorbytoldModemFannermagazine.HeworksforoneofWisconsin'scountyhighway

commissionsandcameupwiththeideaofusingcheesebrine.“OurroadssmelllikeWisconsin!^^

hesaid.

24.Whycancheesebrinehelpkeepwinterroadsice-free?

A.Itissoft.B.Itcontainssalt.

C.Itiswarm.D.Ithasmilkinit.

25.Whatisabenefitofusingcheesebrineonroads?

A.Improvingairquality.B.Increasingsalesofrocksalt.

C.Reducingwaterpollution.D.Savingthecheeseindustry.

26.Milwaukee'snewwaytode-icestreetsmaybeanexampleof.

A.barkingupthewrongtreeB.puttingthecartbeforethehorse

C.robbingPetertopayPaulD.killingtwobirdswithonestone

【答案】24.B25.C26.D

【词汇】

1.option2.suspect3.downside

4.commission5.contain6.increase

7.reduce

I.optionn.选择权；可选物v.得到或获准进行选择

2.suspectv.怀疑；猜想n.嫌疑犯adj.可疑的；不可信的

3.downsiden.下降趋势（价格方面）；消极面；负面

4.commissionn.佣金；委员会；委托；委任；犯罪vt.授予；使服役；委托

5.containvt.容纳；包含；抑制；克制vi.自制

6.increasev.增加；提高n.增加;增强；提高

7.reducev.减少；缩小；使落魄；简化；还原

【长难句】

1.Cheesebrinehassaltinit,which,liketherocksalt,helpslowerwater'sfreezingpoint.

【句子分析】主干部分：Cheesebrinehassaltinit

定语从句：which,liketherocksalt,helpslowerwater'sfreezingpoint.修饰salt

插入语：liketherocksalt

【翻译】奶酪卤水里有盐，就像岩盐一样，有助于降低水的冰点。

2.Manypeoplesuspectthatalltherocksaltusedeverywinterisharmingtheenvironment.

【句子分析】主干部分:Manypeoplesuspect

宾语从句：thatalltherocksaltusedeverywinterisharmingtheenvironment.

【翻译】许多人怀疑每年冬天使用的岩盐都在危害环境。

3.Butwhileyouprobablyaddonlyasmallamountofsalttoyourfood,roadcrewsspreadabout

20milliontonsofsaltonU.S.roadseveryyear!

【句子分析1主干部分：roadcrewsspreadabout20milliontonsofsaltonU.S.roadseveryyear!

让步状语从句：whileyouprobablyaddonlyasmallamountofsalttoyourfood,

【翻译】但是，虽然你可能只在食物中添加少量的盐，但是道路工人每年在美国的道路上撒

了大约2000万吨盐！

4.Byspreadingcheesebrineonstreetsbeforeaddingalayerofrocksalt,Milwaukeemaybeable

tocutitsrocksaltuseby30percent.

【句子分析】主干部分：Milwaukeemaybeabletocutitsrocksaltuseby30percent.

介词短语作状语：Byspreadingcheesebrineonstreetsbeforeaddingalayerofrocksalt

【翻译】密尔沃基通过在街道上撒上奶酪卤水，再加上一层岩盐，也许可以减少30%的岩

盐使用量。

Passage5

（2020北京B篇）BaggyhasbecomethefirstdogintheUK——andpotentiallytheworld——tojoin

thefightagainstairpollutionbyrecordingpollutantlevelsneartheground.

Baggywearsapollutionmonitoronhercollarsoshecantakedatameasurementsclosetothe

ground.Hermonitorhasshownthatairpollutionlevelsarehigherclosertogroundlevel,which

hashelpedhighlightconcernsthatbabiesandyoungkidsmaybeathigherriskofdevelopinglung

problems.

Conventionalairpollutionmonitorsarenormallyfixedonlamppostsataboutninefeetinthe

air.However,sinceBaggystandsataboutthesameheightasachildinapushchair（婴儿车）,she

frequentlyrecordspollutionlevelswhicharemuchhigherthanthedatagatheredbythe

EnvironmentAgency.

ThedoggydataresearchwastheideaofBaggy's13-year-oldownerTomHuntandhisdad

Matt.TheEnglishyoungsternoticedthatpollutionlevelsarearoundtwo-thirdshigherclosetothe

groundthantheyareintheairattheheightwheretheyarerecordedbytheagency.Tomhassince

reportedtheshockingfindingstothegovernmentinanattempttoemphasisethatbabiesareat

higherriskofdevelopingasthma（哮喘）.

MattHuntsaidhewasnveryproud1*ofhissonbecause"whentheboygetsanidea,hekeeps

hisheaddownandgetsonwithit,andhereallydoeswanttodosomegoodandstopyoungkids

fromgettingasthma."

“Tombuiltupapassionforenvironmentalprotectionataveryearlyage,"Mattadded.44Hc

becameveryinterestedingadgets（小装置）.Aboutoneyearago,hegotthisnewpieceoftech

whichislikeatesttube.OneSundayafternoon,wewentouttodosomemonitoring,andhesaid,

whydon'tweputitonBaggy'scollarandlethermonitorthepollution?'Sowedidit."

Tomsaid,"Mostofthetime,Baggyisjustlikeanyotherdog.Butfortherestofthetimeshe

isasuperdog,andweareallreallyproudofher.n

13.Withamonitoronhercollar,Baggycan.

A.takepollutantreadingsB.recordpollutantlevels

C.processcollecteddataD.reduceairpollution

14.WhatcanwelearnfromtheBaggydata?

A.Highplacesarefreeofairpollution.

B.Higherpushchairsaremoreriskyforkids.

C.Conventionalmonitorsaremorereliable.

D.Airismorepollutedclosertotheground.

15.WhatisTom'spurposeofdoingtheresearch?

A.Towarnofahealthrisk.B.Tofindoutpollutionsources.

C.Totesthisnewmonitor.D.ToproveBaggy'sabilities.

16.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordcanbestdescribeTomHunt?

A.Modest.B.Generous.C.Creative.D.Outgoing.

【答案】13.B14.D15.A16.C

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了13岁的孩子TomHunt和他的爸爸通过在自己的

宠物狗的脖子上戴污染监测器来记录地面附近的污染物水平；监测仪显示，接近地面的空气

污染水平更高，这有助于强调婴儿和幼儿可能面临更高风险发展肺部问题的担忧。

13.细节理解题.本题题干意为：她的衣领上戴着监视器，Baggy可以…。根据文章第二

段Baggywearsapollutionmonitoronhercollarsoshecantakedatameasurementsclosetothe

ground.Baggy在她的衣领上戴着污染监测器，这样她就可以在接近地面的地方进行数据测

量。可知戴着污染监测器可以记录污染物的水平。故答案为B项。

14.推理判断题。本题题干意为：我们从Baggy收集到的数据中可以了解到什么？根据文

章第二段Hermonitorhasshownthatairpollutionlevelsarehigherclosertogroundlevel,which

hashelpedhighlightconcernsthatbabiesandyoungkidsmaybeathigherriskofdevelopinglung

problems.她的监测仪显示，接近地面的空气污染水平更高，这有助于突显婴儿和幼童罹患肺

部疾病的风险更高的担忧。可知接近地面的空气污染水平更高。故答案为D项。

15.推理判断题。本题题干意为:进行这项研究Tom的意图是？根据文章第四段Tomhassince

reportedtheshockingfindingstothegovernmentinanattempttoemphasizethatbabiesareat

higherriskofdevelopingasthma（哮喘）.汤姆已经令人震惊的发现报告给政府，试图强调，婴儿

患哮喘的风险更高。可知Tom研究的目的是对健康风险提出警告。故答案为A项。

16.推理判断题。本题题干意为：根据文章，哪个词最能描述汤姆・亨特?根据文章倒数第二

段“Tombuiltupapassionforenvironmentalprotectionataveryearlyage,"Mattadded.41He

becameveryinterestedingadgets（小装置）.Aboutoneyearago,hegotthisnewpieceoftech

whichislikeatesttube.OneSundayafternoon,wewentouttodosomemonitoring,andhesaid,

whydon'tweputitonBaggy'scollarandlethermonitorthepollution?'Sowedidit.”汤姆在很

小的时候就对环境保护产生了热情，马特补充说。他非常感兴趣的产品（小装置）。大约一年

前，他得到了一个类似试管的新技术。一个星期天的下午，我们出去做一些监测，他说，为

什么我们不把它戴在Baggy的衣领上，让她监测污染?于是我们就这么做可知Tom是非

常的有创造力的。故答案为C项。

Passage6

（2021新高考I卷C篇）WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,

theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtaken

careofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlers

whofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsof

waterfowl（水禽）werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitious

sportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasing

populations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.

In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct（Act）,anincreasingly

concernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory（迁徙的）waterfowlandthe

wetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandover

mustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwas

designedbyJ.N.“Ding"Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,Iowa,whoatthattime

wasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.

Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.

About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBird

ConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNational

WildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforall

generationstocome.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundto

purchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhas

beencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.

29.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?

A.Lossofwetlands.B.Popularityofwatersports.

C.Pollutionofrivers.D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate“meaninthefirstparagraph?

A.Acquire.B.Export.

C.Destroy.D.Distribute.

31.WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?

A.Thestamppricehasgonedown.B.Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.

C.Thehuntershavestoppedhunting.D.Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.

32.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheFederalDuckStampStoryB.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem

C.TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowlD.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHunting

【答案】29.A30.C31.D32.A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由于栖息地减少，美国水禽骤减，因此联邦发行鸭

票，狩猎者只有购买鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从

而保护水禽。

29.细节理解题。根据第一段“Milli