莎士比亚英文-课件

WilliamShakespeare-----ThepeakofHumanism

WilliamShakespeare

1564-1616“Alltheworld'sastage,Andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers.”MainContents1.Shakespeare'sliteraryposition2.Shakespeare'sLegendarylife3.Shakespeare'smasterpieces1.Shakespeare'sliterarypositionThewesternliteraturewouldhavebecometotallydifferentwithoutsomeliteraryfigures.

Shakespeareisoneofthemostqualified.2.Shakespeare'slife

(1564-1616)BirthplaceBorninWarwickshireThe3rdof8kidsMarriedatage18Workasanactorbefore

1590.

ThehomeofMaryArden,WillyShakespeare'smother'shouseAnneHathaway's[Shakespeare'swife]cottageTheAvonRiver,nearStratford-upon-Avon.HenleyStreet,Stratford-upon-AvonThesonofgrocery

sellergettingmarriedat18LeavinghomeforLondonatabout22,

doingasthegroom,DickinsonStartingwritingplaysatabout30yearsold5yearslater,becoming"universal"shareholderoftroupe.TheNewGlobeTheaterThelifeofShakespeare

ArrivinginLondonin1586Beingwell-knownin1581Diedon23,Apr,1616ThetombofShakespeareThough

arespectedpoetandplaywrightinhisownday,hedidnotrisetoitspresentheightsuntilthe19thcentury.

Sha'sworksTheworksofWilliamShakespeareareagreatlandmarkinthehistoryofworldliterature.

Hewasthefirstfoundersofrealism(现实主义)，amasterhoodatrealistic

portrayalofhumancharactersandrelations.KarlMarxregardedAeschylusandShakespeareas“thetwogreatestdramaticgeniusestheworldhaseverknow.”Shakespearetookstoriesfromoldsourcessuchasolddrama,novel,chronicles(编年史)andfolklegends.（民间传说)UnderShakespeare’spen,thosestoriesassumednewmeaningandsignificance.

Intheexpressionofart,heinheritedthreetraditionsofthedramasofancientGreeceandRome,medievalBritainandtheEuropeanRenaissance.Hetriedhardtoreflectthetruelifeandexploretheinnermysteries,displayingmanydiverseandcomplexpersonalities,vividcharacters.Duringthetwenty-twoyearsofhisliteraryworkheproduced37plays,twonarrativepoemsand154sonnets.Hisliteraryworkmaybedividedintothreemajorperiods：Thefirstperiod(1590-1600)Thesecondperiod(1601-1608)Thethirdperiod(1609-1612)Hisearlyplaysweremainlycomediesandhistories,herosetothepeakofsophisticationandartistry（复杂性和艺术性）bytheendofthesixteenthcentury.Hethenwrotemainlytragediesuntilabout1608,includingHamlet(1601),

Othello(1604),

King

Lear(1605),andMacbeth(1605),consideredsomeofthefinestworksintheEnglishlanguage.3.Shakespeare'swriting1)154sonnets,twolongpoems

poetry十四行诗（TheSonnets）

爱人的怨诉（ALover'sComplaint）鲁克丽丝失贞记（TheRapeofLucrece）维纳斯和阿多尼斯（VenusandAdonis）热情的朝圣者（ThePassionatePilgrim)凤凰和斑鸠（ThePhoenixandtheTurtle）Sonnet18WilliamShakespeareShallI

compare

theeto

asummer’sday?Thouart

morelove

lyandmore

tempe

rate:Rough

winds

doshake

the

darling

budsof

May,And

summer’slease

hath

all

too

short

adate:SometimetoohottheeyeoftheheavenshinesAndoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed;Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimmed;Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st;Norshalldeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st:Solongasamancanbreathe,oreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslivetothee.

ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?能否把你与夏日相比？Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:你却比炎夏更可爱温婉；RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,狂风摧残五月的蓓蕾，Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate夏日的时光何其短暂。Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,休恋那丽日当空，Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed;转眼又云雾迷蒙；Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,休叹百花凋零，Bychance,ornatureschangingcourseuntrimed摧残于无常即或天命。Thefurthestdistanceintheworld

IsnotwhenIstandinfrontofyou

Yetyoucan'tseemylove

Butwhenundoubtedlyknowingthelovefromboth

Yetcannotbetogether

Thefurthestdistanceintheworld

Isnotbeingapartwhilebeinginlove

Butwhenpainlycannotresisttheyearning

Yetpretendingyouhaveneverbeeninmyheart

Thefurthestdistanceintheworld

Isnotbutusingone'sindifferentheart

Todiganuncrossableriver

Fortheonewholovesyou

世界上最遥远的距离

不是我就站在你面前

你却不知道我爱你

而是明明知道彼此相爱

却不能在一起

世界上最遥远的距离

不是明明知道彼此相爱却不能在一起

而是明明无法抵挡这股思念

却还得故意装作丝毫没有把你放在心里

世界上最遥远的距离

不是明明无法抵挡这股思念却还得故意装作丝毫没有把你放在心里

而是用自己冷漠的心对爱你的人

掘了一条无法跨越的沟渠2)HistoriesRepresentativeworks:HenryIV

RichardIIIhistories亨利四世，第一卷（HenryIV,part1）亨利四世，第二卷（HenryIV,part2）亨利五世（HenryV）亨利六世，第一卷（HenryVI,part1）亨利六世，第二卷（HenryVI,part2）亨利六世，第三卷（HenryVI,part3）亨利八世（HenryVIII）约翰国王（KingJohn）理查德二世（RichardII）理查德三世（RichardIII）3)ComediesThemerchantofVenicemidsummernight'sdreamhappytwelfthnightComedies错中错(TheComedyofErrors)皆大欢喜(All'sWellThatEndsWell)如愿(AsYouLikeIt)仲夏夜梦(AMidsummerNight'sDream)无事生非(MuchAdoAboutNothing)一报还一报(MeasureforMeasure第十二夜(TwelfthNightorWhatYouWill)威尼斯商人(TheMerchantofVenice)空爱一场(Love'sLabor'sLost)冬天的故事(TheWinter'sTale)威尼斯商人第十二夜TheMerchantofVenice剧情：有一个十五世纪威尼斯的正直商人安东尼奥，跟高利贷犹太商人夏洛克对立。某日，安东尼奥因出海向夏洛克借款。后者为报复安东尼奥借钱不要利息而影响自己利益的举措，定下奇特契约：不还钱就还肉。结果安东尼奥的商队在海上出事而无法还钱。在法院的夏洛克准备好刀子，等着安东尼奥的肉。假装律师的波莎以割肉不能流血，否则血债血偿的理由，粉碎了夏洛克的阴谋。夏洛克破产，安东尼奥东山再起。ThecharacterofShylockhasraisedadebateoverwhethertheplayshouldbecondemnedasanti-Semitic,andthiscontroversyhasovershadowedmanyotheraspectsoftheplay.

Theplotinvolvesavengeful,greedycreditor,Shylock,aJewishmoney-lenderShylockwhoseeksaliteralpoundoffleshfromhisChristianopposite,thegenerous,faithfulAntonio.Shakespeare'sversionofthechest-choosingdevicerevolvesaroundtheplay'sChristianheroine,Portia,whosteersherloverBassaniotowardthecorrecthumblecasketandthensuccessfullydefendshisbosomfriendAntoniofromShylock'shorridlegalsuit.Shylock,isaJewwhosebeloveddaughterislosttohimwhensheelopeswithamanwhobelongstoavirulentlyanti-Semiticsociety.Whengrief,angerandvengeanceovercomecommonsenseheendsupliterallyforcedtohiskneestorenouncehisfaithandhisfortune.

4)TragediesHamletOthelloMacbethkingLearTragedies罗密欧与朱丽叶(RomeoandJuliet)

麦克白(Macbeth)李尔王(KingLear)哈姆雷特(Hamlet)

奥赛罗(Othello)考利欧雷诺斯(Coriolanus)特洛伊勒斯与克芮丝德

(TroilusandCressida)雅典的泰蒙(TimonofAthens)诗李尔王哈姆雷特ThesummitofShakespeare’sart

Hamlet

Tobeornottobe:thatisthequestion.<Hamlet>Meaning:Isitpossibleornot?Ishealiveornot?Uneasyliestheheadthatwearsacrown.<KingHenryIV>Meaning:Thelifeofleadersisn’teasy.Havingmanyresponsibilities,leadersoftencan’tsleepwell.“Tobe,ornottobe"Itistakenfromsceneone,Hamlet.Itisoneofthemostfamousquotationsinworldliteratureandthebest-knownofthisplay.Theplay,setinDenmark,recountshowPrinceHamletexactsrevengeonhisuncleClaudius,whohasmurderedHamlet'sfather,theKing,andthentakenthethroneandmarriedGertrude,Hamlet'smother.Theplayvividlychartsthecourseofrealandfeignedmadness—fromoverwhelminggrieftoseethingrage—andexploresthemesoftreachery,revenge,incest,andmoralcorruption.仇恨，愤怒，荣誉，尊严，……HamletType:

RevengeTragedy,復仇悲劇

RomanticTragedy浪漫悲劇

Time:c.1200

Locale:Elsinore(艾西諾),Denmark

Firstpresented:1602PrincipalCharactersinHamletClaudius克劳迪斯

KingofDenmarkHamlet

哈姆雷特

SontotheformerKingand

Nephew

to

thepresentKingGertrude乔特鲁德QueenofDenmark,and

MotherofHamletPolonius

波洛涅斯

LordChamberlain（御前大臣）Laertes

雷欧提斯

SontoPoloniusOphelia奥菲莉娅DaughtertoPoloniusGhost（KingHamlet）鬼魂Hamlet'sFatherHoratio

霍拉旭

FriendtoHamletClaudiusisshrewd精明andable干练,thoughnotalwaysethical伦理ormoral道德,Hamletdescribesthecontestofintelligenceandwillbetweenthemasthatof''mightyopposites''(V.ii.62).克劳狄斯形象：集合封建主和暴君的残忍，阴谋家的野心和阴险，封建统治者和资产阶级阴谋家于一身，代表文艺复兴新旧交替时期的所有罪恶。Gertrudeisanegativecharacterinplay“Hamlet”.Butthisarticlebelievesthatsheisaweakbutbravefemininecharacter:shelivedinaweaksocialsurroundingsbutshehasbravecharacter.Duetotheprotectionforherson,shehasdevotedherreputationevenherpersonnallife.关键词：柔弱

勇敢

母亲Laertesisoftenportrayedbyseeminglyhumbleactorsofthescreen,togivealoyal,wholesomeappealtothecharacter.波洛涅斯的儿子。为了父亲和妹妹的死用剑杀死了哈姆雷特。他也死在哈姆雷特的毒剑下，尽管当时哈姆雷特没有意识到剑是带毒的。OfallthepivotalcharactersinHamlet,Opheliaisthemoststatic稳定andone-dimensional没有深度的.Shehasthepotentialtobecomeatragicheroine--toovercometheadversitiesinflicteduponher--butsheinsteadcrumbles崩溃intoinsanity,becomingmerelytragic.ThisisbecauseOpheliaherselfisnotasimportantasherrepresentationofthedualnatureofwomenintheplay.Ophelia‘sdistinctpurposeistoshowatonceHamlet’swarped歪曲viewofwomenascallous冷酷无情的sexualpredators,andtheinnocenceandvirtueofwomen.关键词：悲情人物HamletisaclassicexampleofatragedywrittenbyWilliamShakespeare.Ineverytragedy,thecharactersmustdisplaysome.Ifeveryactioniscontrolledbyahero'sdestiny,thenthehero'sdeathcan'tbeavoidedandin"Hamlet"thesadpartisthatitcould.Hamlet'sdeathcouldhavebeenavoidedmanytimes.HehadmanyopportunitiestokillClaudius,buthedidnottakeadvantageofthem.Heiscalledavacillating(优柔寡断)man.

However,inmyopinion,vacillationcanneverberemovedfromHamlet.Thatisthelogicalresult.ItisthesenseofworththatmakesHamletvacillating.ShakespearetookacertainstoryofPrinceAmlethfromoldsourceswhichcanbetracedtothe12thcentury.He,however,wasnotthefirsttodramatizeHamlet’shistory.Intheeighties,aplaythatborethesamenamegainedpopularityamongtheEnglishpublic.ThomasKydissupposedtohavebeentheauthorofthisplay.ThewholetragedyispermeatedwiththespiritofShakespeare’sowntime.Hamletistheprofoundestexpressionofhishumanismandhiscriticismofcontemporarylife.