初中英语语法-课件

初中英语语法被动语态2020/12/21初中英语语法被动语态2020/12/21动词的语态1．英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态表示主语是谓语动词的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。例如：AtalkonsciencewillbegiveninourschoolnextMonday.下周一在我们学校将会有一场关于科学的演讲。2．被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。其后的实义动词必须为及物动词，或“动词＋介词”构成的及物动词短语。下面介绍动词各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构：被动语态基本构成：be+过去分词被动语态的构成2020/12/22动词的语态1．英语中动词有两种语态：被动语态基本构成：be精品资料精品资料你怎么称呼老师？如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点，你是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？教师的教鞭“不怕太阳晒，也不怕那风雨狂，只怕先生骂我笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘……”“太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早……”初中英语语法-ppt课件精品资料2020/12/25精品资料2020/12/25你怎么称呼老师？如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点，你是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？教师的教鞭“不怕太阳晒，也不怕那风雨狂，只怕先生骂我笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘……”“太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早……”2020/12/262020/12/26时态主动语态被动语态1一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分词2一般过去时didwas/were+过去分词3一般将来时will/begoingto+动词原形will/begoingto+be+过去分词4过去将来时would+动词原形would+be+过去分词5现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词am/is/are+being+过去分词6过去进行时was/were+现在分词was/were+being+过去分词7现在完成时have/has+过去分词have/has+been+过去分词8过去完成时had+过去分词had+been+过去分词9含情态动词情态动词+动词原形情态动词+be+过去分词各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表2020/12/27时态主动语态被动语态1一般现在时do/doesam/is1、TheChinesefood_____tobethehealthiestintheworld.A.considersB.isconsideringC.isconsideredD.hasconsidered

2、John__，forhewentswimmingyesterdaywithoutpermission.A.

wouldpunishedB.hadpunishedC.punishedD.waspunished3、Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?Notyet.Rooms_______.A.arepaintingB.arepaintedC.arebeingpaintingD.arebeingpainted

一般时态：am/is/are+过去分词现在进行时态：am/is/are+being+过去分词过去时态：was/were+过去分词各种时态的被动结构练习2020/12/28一般时态：am/is/are+过去分词现在进行时态：am/4、Mr.Wuwasinhospital.whenwewenttoseehim,he

______on.A.operatedB.wasoperatedC.wasoperatingD.wasbeingoperated5、Thenewschool______whenthenewtermbegins.A.finishesB.willfinishC.willbefinishedD.wouldfinish6、Theoldscientistsaidthathe______tovisittheircountrybeforelong.A.invitedB.hadinvitedC.wasinvitingD.wouldbeinvited过去进行时态：was/were+being+过去分词一般将来时态：will+be+过去分词过去将来时态：would+be+过去分词2020/12/29过去进行时态：was/were+being+过去分词一7、WiththehelpoftheHopeProject,moreandmorenewschools_____inthepoorarea.A.builtB.havebuiltC.havebeenbuiltD.havebeenbuilding8、Hecameoutandtoldusthatthework__________.

A.finishedB.wasfinishedC.hadfinishedD.hadbeenfinished

9、Theprogrammes___easilyifyouuseashortwaveradio.A.canpickupB.pickupC.pickedupD.canbepickedup现在完成时态：have/has+been+过去分词过去完成时态：had+been+过去分词情态动词：情态动词+be+过去分词2020/12/210现在完成时态：have/has+been+过去分词过去在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况中：(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。ThiswatchismadeinChina.这块手表是在中国制造的。(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.每年都应该种更多的树。(3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语的使用广泛)(4)句子的主语是动作的承受者。Manyhouseswerewashedawayintheflood.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。3.被动语态的用法2020/12/211在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况中：3

把主动语态改为被动语态可按“、、”来进行。即：①变－－－把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。②套－－－根据原句的时态套用相应时态。③注意－－注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。例：①ManypeoplespeakEnglish.Englishbymanypeople.②Hewashedhisshoesyesterday.Hisshoesbyhimyesterday.isspokenwerewashed一变二套三注意4．主动语态和被动语态的转换:2020/12/212把主动语态改为被动语态可按“、[注意]①把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。且be动词和新主语保持一致。如上例①，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。②如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例②中的主语he改为him。2020/12/213[注意]2020/12/2132020/12/2142020/12/214“双宾语”改被动语态，直接宾语(物)作主语，变被动语态后动词pass,bring,buy,

show,send,give,cook等后要加介词.(这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定)；把指“人”的间接宾语变主语，则不用介词。①.Hegave

me

abook.→变直接宾语加to.变间接宾语不加

Iwasgiven

abook(byhim).Abook

wasgiven

tome(byhim).②.Heshowedmeaticket.→Iwasshown

aticket(byhim).Aticket

wasshown

tome(byhim).

③.Myfatherbought

me

anewbike.→I

wasbought

anewbike(bymyfather).Anewbike

wasbought

forme(bymyfather).

间接宾语直接宾语常见的双宾语动词：give,offer,pass,show,lend,send,bring,return,tell等用介词to;buy,make(制作),mend,cook,sing,get等用for.2020/12/215“双宾语”改被动语态，直接宾语(物)作主语，变被动语态后动词(5)被动语态后动词形式的选择:

主动句中在感官动词see，hear，watch，feel，notice等，及使役动词let，make，have等后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时应加上不定式符号to。

Hemakesthegirlstayathome.(变为被动语态)

→Thegirlismadetostayathome.

LastSundayweheardthemsingPekingOperainthetheatre.(变为被动语态)

→TheywereheardtosingPekingOperainthattheatrelastSunday.2020/12/216(5)被动语态后动词形式的选择:

主动句中在感官动词see使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表主动语态被动语态使役动词makesbdosthsbbemadetodosthhavesbdosthsbbehadtodosthletsbdosthsbbelettodosth感观动词seesbdosthsbbeseentodosthwatchsbdosthsbbewatchedtodosthhearsbdosthsbbeheardtodosthnoticesbdosthsbbenoticedtodosthgo2020/12/217使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表主动语态被动语态使役动词m1.Thebossmakestheworkerswork18hoursaday.Theworkersaremadetowork18hoursadaybytheboss.2.Isawhimenterthehouse.Hewasseentoenterthehousebyme.3.Theteacherletthemleavetheclassroomafterclass.Theywerelettoleavetheclassroombytheteacherafterclass.4.Wehearhersingintheroomeveryday.Sheisheardtosingintheroomeveryday.[注意]当使用see/hear/watchsbdoingsth时，变为被动语态时，doing保持不变。如：

Isawhimgoingintotheshop.(主动)Hewasseengoingintotheshop.(被动)第(5)部分巩固训练2020/12/218第(5)部分巩固训练2020/12/2182020/12/2192020/12/219⑤.句型“主语+be+形容词+todo”，“主语”是“不定式”的“逻辑宾语”，通常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。这类形容词有：easy，difficult，heavy，hard，nice，dangerous,important，expensive，comfortable，impossible等。例如：Thepictureispleasanttolookat．Thechairiscomfortabletositon．Theworkisimpossibletofinish.Thequestionishardtoask.Themachineiseasytouse.

注意：当不定式中的动词是不及物动词时，要根据需要补充相应的介词。Thepeniscomfortabletowritewith.

2020/12/220⑤.句型“主语+be+形容词+todo”，“主语”是“不定⑺.无被动语态的动词：不及物动词或短语无被动语态，常见的有：happen,takeplace，belongto,last（持续）,breakout（爆发）

例如：Greatchangeshavetakenplaceheresince1990.误：Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceheresince1990.TaiwanbelongstoChina.

Themeetinglastedtwohours.会议持续了两小时。Whathappenedtohimlastnight?昨晚他发生了什么事？SARSbrokeoutinChinathatyear.⑻.特殊形式的被动：get/havesth.done含被动(找人做某事)Sixteen-year-oldsshouldnotbeallowedtogettheirearspierce、十六岁的孩子不应该打耳洞。Ishouldgetmyshoesrepaired.Heshouldhavehishaircut.Let’sgettheworkdone.2020/12/221⑺.无被动语态的动词：2020/12/221中考真题链接1.—IfeelveryhappythatI____tobethehost.—Congratulations!(07’江西)A.chooseB.amchosenC.waschosenD.havenchosen2.TodayChinese________bymoreandmorepeoplearoundtheworld.(07’北京)A.wasspoken

B.isspoken

C.spoke

D.speak2020/12/222中考真题链接1.—Ifeelveryhappyt3．(课改实验区考生做)(07’重庆)

—Yourhometownhaschangedalot．

—Yes.Takealookatthesetallbuildings.They______lastyear．

A.build

B．built

C.wasbuilt

D．werebuilt

(非课改实验区考生做)

4.—Whyistheclassroomsodirty?

—Sorry,sir.It_______yesterday．

Weforgottodoit．

A.don’tclean

B.didn’tclean

C.weren’tcleanedD.wasn’tcleaned2020/12/2233．(课改实验区考生做)(07’重庆)

2020/125.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust__dirtythingintoit.(南京市中考题）

AbestoppedtothrowBbestoppedfromthrowingCstoptothrowDstopfromthrowing

6.Thisbook__often__fromthelibrary.(北京市中考题）Aaren’t，takeawayBtaken，awayCisn’t，takenawayDbe，takenaway7.He_________(tell)toreturnhisbookstothelibraryyesterday.(黄冈市中考题）wastold2020/12/224wastold2020/12/2248.Anotherman-madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek(济南市中考题）

——————anotherman-madesatelliteintospacelastweek.变主动语态9.Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear.Trees__________bypeopletherelastyear.(青岛市中考题）10.Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm.Thevegetables_____________onthefarm（上海市中考题）TTheysentupwereplanted

aregrown2020/12/2258.Anotherman-madesatellit11.MoreandmoreforeignersspeakChineseintheworldtoday.(08重庆)Chinese_______________bymoreandmoreforeignersintheworldnow.12.Dangerousdrivingcausesmanyaccidents,(08临沂)Manyaccidents___________________manydangerousdriving.13.Thetwinsateupallthebananasontheplate.(08西宁)Allthebananas___________upbythetwins.14.TeacherscanusecartoonstogiveexamplesinlessonsaboutAIDS.(08济南)Cartoons__________________togiveexamplesinlessonsaboutAIDS.

isspoken

arecausedby

wereeatencanbeused2020/12/226isspokenarecaus15.MyunclesentmeaChristmaspresentlastyear.(06重庆)AChristmaspresent_____________mebymyunclelastyear.wassentto2020/12/22715.MyunclesentmeaChristmaExercise2020/12/228Exercise2020/12/228一、用所给动词的被动语态填空：1.

Thechildren

(allow)totakeatriptoHangzhoutomorrow.2.

Twomuseums

(set)upsincetwoyearsago.3.

Thedoctormust

(send)foratonce.4.

Areadingcontest

(hold)inthereadingroomlastweek.5.

Thewaterinthebasin(脸盆)should

(notuse)towashyourface.6.AtthatmomentIsawher__________(take)totheoperatingroom(手术室).7.

Attheaward-givingmeeting(颁奖大会),they

(give)thefirstprize.8.

Mywatchdoesn’tworknow.It

(repair)intheshop.are/wereallowedwereset

notbeused

takenweregiven

isbeingrepaired

besentwasheld2020/12/229一、用所给动词的被动语态填空：1.

Thechildren9.

Thesebottlesshouldn’t

(throw)away.Theycanstill

(recycle)insomeway.10.Allkindsofvegetables

(carry)tothecitiesbytruckseverymorning.11.

Afterthebuildingofthenewhouse

(finish),acelebration

(hold).12.

Shedoesn’twant

(ask)inclass.13.

French

(notteach)inthisschoollastterm.14.

Ihavethoughtofseveralroblems

(discuss)atthemeeting.15.Thebabies

(take)goodcareofbyagroupofbiggirls.16.Thisbook

(write)byafamouswriterabout50yearsago.17.Whethertogo

(notdecide)yet.18.

Agoodsuggestion

just

(offer)byayoungteacher.

bethrownberecycledarecarriedwasfinished

washeld

tobeasked

wasnottaughttobediscussedarebeing/weretakenwaswritten

hasn’tbeendecided

beenoffered

has2020/12/2309.

Thesebottlesshouldn’t

二、改写句子：1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._________________byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday.____________________byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._______________abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.4.Heisdrawingapicture._______________________byhim.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.______________________________byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter.__________________________byher.TreesareplantedTheletterwaspostedIwasgivenApictureisbeingdrawnYourhomeworkmaybehandedinAletterisgoingtobewritten2020/12/231二、改写句子：TreesareplantedThele7.Ihavegivenyouthenewbook.__________________________toyou.8.Herbagcannotbefoundbyher._________________herbag.9.DoyouoftenhearhersingRussiansongs?_________________________Russiansongsbyyou?10.Shedoesn’tlethersonswimintheriver._______________________intheriverbyher.11.Thebridgewasbeingbuiltbythematthistimelastyear.__________________thebridgeatthistimelastyear.12.Doessheoftensingthesong?_____________________byher?ThenewbookhasbeengivenShecannotfindIssheoftenheardtosingHersonisn’tlettoswimTheywerebuildingIsthesongoftensung2020/12/2327.Ihavegivenyouthenewbo

1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．

A．arenotkept；willhaveto

B．arenotkept；have

C．donotkeep；willhaveto

D．donotkeep；haveto

2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,____andperfectednow.

A.developedB.havedeveloped

C.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped

3.____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．

Yes，italldependsontheweather．

A．I'vebeentold

B．I'vetold

C．I'mtold

D．Itold

ACA三、单项选择2020/12/233

1.Ifcitynoises____fromi4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.

A.hascompleted

B.completes

C.hasbeencompleted

D.iscompleted

5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.

A.cut

B.arecut

C.arebeingcut

D.hadbeencut

6.Thenewbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.

A.hasbeendesigned

B.hadbeendesigned

C.wasdesigned

D.wouldbedesigned

7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.

A.breaks

B.hasbroken

C.wasbroken

D.hadbeenbroken

DCBC2020/12/2344.Ineedonemorestampbefor8.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.

A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup

B.havetakenplace;havebeensetup

C.havetakenplace;havesetup

D.weretakenplace;weresetup

9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.

A.had