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科创板生物医药企业价值评估研究基于修正的FCFF估值模型一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle随着科技创新的飞速发展,科创板作为中国资本市场的创新试验田,已经吸引了众多生物医药企业的关注与参与。生物医药行业作为一个高新技术密集型产业,具有研发周期长、资金投入大、技术风险高、市场潜力大等特点。因此,对科创板生物医药企业的价值评估提出了更高的挑战。本文旨在研究基于修正的自由现金流折现(FCFF)估值模型在科创板生物医药企业价值评估中的应用,以期为投资者和利益相关者提供更为准确、全面的企业价值评估方法。Withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnologicalinnovation,theScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoard,asaninnovationexperimentalfieldinChina'scapitalmarket,hasattractedtheattentionandparticipationofnumerousbiopharmaceuticalenterprises.Thebiopharmaceuticalindustry,asahigh-techintensiveindustry,hasthecharacteristicsoflongresearchanddevelopmentcycles,largecapitalinvestment,hightechnologicalrisks,andgreatmarketpotential.Therefore,thevalueevaluationofbiopharmaceuticalenterprisesontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoardposeshigherchallenges.ThisarticleaimstostudytheapplicationoftheModifiedDiscountedFreeCashFlow(FCFF)valuationmodelinthevalueevaluationofbiopharmaceuticalenterprisesontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoard,inordertoprovideinvestorsandstakeholderswithmoreaccurateandcomprehensiveenterprisevalueevaluationmethods.本文将回顾国内外关于生物医药企业价值评估的理论研究和实践应用,分析现有估值方法的优缺点及适用性。在此基础上,引入修正的FCFF估值模型,结合生物医药企业的特点,对模型进行改进和优化。Thisarticlewillreviewthetheoreticalresearchandpracticalapplicationofbiopharmaceuticalenterprisevaluationbothdomesticallyandinternationally,analyzetheadvantages,disadvantages,andapplicabilityofexistingvaluationmethods.Onthisbasis,amodifiedFCFFvaluationmodelisintroduced,combinedwiththecharacteristicsofbiopharmaceuticalenterprises,toimproveandoptimizethemodel.本文将通过案例分析,选取科创板中具有代表性的生物医药企业,运用修正的FCFF估值模型进行实证分析。通过对企业历史财务数据的整理和分析,预测未来自由现金流,并考虑企业成长性、行业发展趋势等因素,对企业价值进行量化评估。ThisarticlewillselectrepresentativebiopharmaceuticalcompaniesfromtheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoardthroughcaseanalysis,andusethemodifiedFCFFvaluationmodelforempiricalanalysis.Byorganizingandanalyzinghistoricalfinancialdataofenterprises,predictingfuturefreecashflows,andconsideringfactorssuchasenterprisegrowthandindustrydevelopmenttrends,aquantitativeevaluationofenterprisevalueisconducted.本文将总结修正的FCFF估值模型在科创板生物医药企业价值评估中的实际应用效果,提出改进建议和未来研究方向。本文的研究对于提高科创板生物医药企业价值评估的准确性和有效性具有重要意义,也为投资者和利益相关者提供了决策参考。ThisarticlewillsummarizethepracticalapplicationeffectoftherevisedFCFFvaluationmodelinthevalueevaluationofbiopharmaceuticalenterprisesontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoard,andproposeimprovementsuggestionsandfutureresearchdirections.TheresearchinthisarticleisofgreatsignificanceforimprovingtheaccuracyandeffectivenessofthevalueevaluationofbiopharmaceuticalenterprisesontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoard,andalsoprovidesdecision-makingreferencesforinvestorsandstakeholders.二、生物医药企业特点分析Analysisofthecharacteristicsofbiopharmaceuticalenterprises生物医药企业,作为科技创新的重要力量,具有鲜明的行业特点。生物医药企业的研发周期长,投入资金大。从基础研究到临床试验,再到产品上市,往往需要数年的时间和数亿甚至数十亿的资金投入。这种高风险、高投入的特性使得生物医药企业的价值评估变得复杂。Biopharmaceuticalenterprises,asanimportantforceintechnologicalinnovation,havedistinctindustrycharacteristics.Theresearchanddevelopmentcycleofbiopharmaceuticalenterprisesislong,andtheinvestmentislarge.Frombasicresearchtoclinicaltrials,andthentoproductlaunch,itoftentakesseveralyearsandbillionsorevenbillionsofdollarsofinvestment.Thishigh-riskandhighinvestmentcharacteristicmakesthevalueevaluationofbiopharmaceuticalenterprisescomplex.生物医药企业的技术门槛高,具有高度的专业性和技术性。由于生物医药领域的特殊性,企业的技术水平和研发能力直接关系到其市场竞争力。因此,在评估生物医药企业价值时,必须充分考虑其技术研发能力和技术储备。Biomedicalenterpriseshaveahightechnologicalthresholdandahighdegreeofprofessionalismandtechnicality.Duetotheparticularityofthebiopharmaceuticalfield,thetechnologicallevelandresearchanddevelopmentcapabilitiesofenterprisesaredirectlyrelatedtotheirmarketcompetitiveness.Therefore,whenevaluatingthevalueofbiopharmaceuticalenterprises,itisnecessarytofullyconsidertheirtechnologicalresearchanddevelopmentcapabilitiesandtechnologicalreserves.生物医药企业的产品生命周期长,且具有较大的市场潜力。一旦研发成功,生物医药产品往往能够长期占据市场,为企业带来稳定的收益。同时,随着人们对健康需求的不断提升,生物医药市场的前景广阔,为生物医药企业提供了巨大的发展空间。Theproductlifecycleofbiopharmaceuticalenterprisesislongandhasgreatmarketpotential.Oncesuccessfullydeveloped,biopharmaceuticalproductscanoftenoccupythemarketforalongtimeandbringstableprofitstotheenterprise.Atthesametime,withthecontinuousincreaseinpeople'sdemandforhealth,theprospectsofthebiopharmaceuticalmarketarebroad,providinghugedevelopmentspaceforbiopharmaceuticalenterprises.生物医药企业通常具有较高的成长性。随着技术的不断进步和市场的不断扩大,生物医药企业有望实现快速增长。这种成长性使得生物医药企业的价值评估需要考虑到其未来的增长潜力。Biopharmaceuticalcompaniestypicallyhavehighgrowthpotential.Withthecontinuousprogressoftechnologyandtheexpansionofthemarket,biopharmaceuticalenterprisesareexpectedtoachieverapidgrowth.Thisgrowthpotentialrequiresbiopharmaceuticalcompaniestoconsidertheirfuturegrowthpotentialintheirvalueevaluation.生物医药企业的特点决定了其价值评估的复杂性。在评估生物医药企业价值时,需要综合考虑其研发投入、技术能力、市场前景以及成长性等因素。而修正的FCFF估值模型正是一种能够充分考虑这些因素的估值方法,因此,它对于生物医药企业的价值评估具有重要的指导意义。Thecharacteristicsofbiopharmaceuticalenterprisesdeterminethecomplexityoftheirvalueevaluation.Whenevaluatingthevalueofbiopharmaceuticalenterprises,itisnecessarytocomprehensivelyconsiderfactorssuchasresearchanddevelopmentinvestment,technologicalcapabilities,marketprospects,andgrowthpotential.TherevisedFCFFvaluationmodelisavaluationmethodthatcanfullyconsiderthesefactors,therefore,ithasimportantguidingsignificanceforthevalueevaluationofbiopharmaceuticalenterprises.三、传统的FCFF估值模型及其局限性TraditionalFCFFvaluationmodelsandtheirlimitations自由现金流折现(FCFF)模型是一种常用的企业价值评估方法,其核心思想是将企业未来的自由现金流进行预测,并通过适当的折现率将其折现至当前价值。传统的FCFF模型在评估企业价值时,主要考虑了企业的经营活动产生的现金流,忽略了其他可能的现金流来源,如投资活动和筹资活动。该模型还假设企业的自由现金流将永续增长,且折现率保持恒定,这在现实中往往难以实现。Thediscountedfreecashflow(FCFF)modelisacommonlyusedmethodforevaluatingenterprisevalue.Itscoreideaistopredictthefuturefreecashflowoftheenterpriseanddiscountittoitscurrentvaluethroughanappropriatediscountrate.ThetraditionalFCFFmodelmainlyconsidersthecashflowgeneratedbytheoperatingactivitiesoftheenterprisewhenevaluatingitsvalue,ignoringotherpossiblesourcesofcashflow,suchasinvestmentactivitiesandfinancingactivities.Themodelalsoassumesthatthefreecashflowoftheenterprisewillcontinuetogrow,andthediscountratewillremainconstant,whichisoftendifficulttoachieveinreality.在科创板生物医药企业的价值评估中,传统的FCFF模型存在一定的局限性。生物医药企业通常具有较高的研发投入和不确定性,这使得其自由现金流的预测变得困难。生物医药企业的成长潜力和创新能力往往难以通过传统的FCFF模型得到充分体现。该模型还忽略了企业的战略价值、品牌价值等非物质资产,这些资产对于生物医药企业的价值评估至关重要。InthevalueevaluationofbiopharmaceuticalenterprisesontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoard,thetraditionalFCFFmodelhascertainlimitations.BiopharmaceuticalcompaniestypicallyhavehighR&Dinvestmentanduncertainty,whichmakesitdifficulttopredicttheirfreecashflow.ThegrowthpotentialandinnovationcapabilityofbiopharmaceuticalenterprisesareoftendifficulttofullyreflectthroughtraditionalFCFFmodels.Themodelalsooverlooksintangibleassetssuchasstrategicvalueandbrandvalueoftheenterprise,whicharecrucialforthevalueevaluationofbiopharmaceuticalenterprises.因此,在评估科创板生物医药企业的价值时,需要对传统的FCFF模型进行修正,以更好地反映企业的实际情况和未来发展潜力。修正的FCFF估值模型应该更加注重企业的研发投入、创新能力、市场前景等因素,同时还需要考虑企业的战略价值、品牌价值等非物质资产的影响。这样才能更准确地评估科创板生物医药企业的价值,为投资者提供更有价值的参考信息。Therefore,whenevaluatingthevalueofbiopharmaceuticalenterprisesontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoard,itisnecessarytorevisethetraditionalFCFFmodeltobetterreflecttheactualsituationandfuturedevelopmentpotentialoftheenterprise.TherevisedFCFFvaluationmodelshouldpaymoreattentiontofactorssuchasthecompany'sresearchanddevelopmentinvestment,innovationcapability,andmarketprospects,whilealsoconsideringtheimpactofintangibleassetssuchasthecompany'sstrategicvalueandbrandvalue.OnlyinthiswaycanthevalueofbiopharmaceuticalcompaniesontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoardbemoreaccuratelyevaluated,providinginvestorswithmorevaluablereferenceinformation.四、修正的FCFF估值模型构建ConstructionofRevisedFCFFValuationModel在评估科创板生物医药企业价值时,传统的FCFF(FreeCashFlowtotheFirm)估值模型需要进行适当的修正,以更准确地反映生物医药企业的特点和风险。修正的FCFF估值模型主要包括对FCFF预测、折现率确定以及企业终值估算等方面的调整。WhenevaluatingthevalueofbiopharmaceuticalcompaniesontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoard,thetraditionalFCFF(FreeCashFlowtotheFirm)valuationmodelneedstobeappropriatelyrevisedtomoreaccuratelyreflectthecharacteristicsandrisksofthebiopharmaceuticalcompanies.TherevisedFCFFvaluationmodelmainlyincludesadjustmentstoFCFFprediction,discountratedetermination,andenterprisefinalvalueestimation.在预测FCFF时,需要充分考虑生物医药企业的研发投入、临床试验进展、产品管线价值等因素。这些因素对生物医药企业的现金流产生重要影响,因此在预测FCFF时需要进行特别考虑。例如,可以通过对研发支出进行资本化处理,将临床试验进展纳入预测模型,以及利用专利价值评估方法评估产品管线的潜在价值等,来提高FCFF预测的准确性。WhenpredictingFCFF,itisnecessarytofullyconsiderfactorssuchasresearchanddevelopmentinvestment,clinicaltrialprogress,andproductpipelinevalueofbiopharmaceuticalcompanies.Thesefactorshaveasignificantimpactonthecashflowofbiopharmaceuticalcompanies,thereforespecialconsiderationisneededwhenpredictingFCFF.Forexample,theaccuracyofFCFFpredictioncanbeimprovedbycapitalizingresearchanddevelopmentexpenses,incorporatingclinicaltrialprogressintopredictivemodels,andusingpatentvalueevaluationmethodstoevaluatethepotentialvalueofproductpipelines.在确定折现率时,需要综合考虑生物医药企业的行业特点、市场竞争格局、政策风险等因素。由于生物医药行业具有高风险、高投入、长周期等特点,因此折现率的选择应该充分体现这些风险因素。同时,还需要考虑政策变化对生物医药企业的影响,如新药审批政策、医保政策等,这些政策变化可能对生物医药企业的盈利能力和现金流产生重要影响。Whendeterminingthediscountrate,itisnecessarytocomprehensivelyconsiderfactorssuchastheindustrycharacteristics,marketcompetitionpattern,andpolicyrisksofbiopharmaceuticalenterprises.Duetothehighrisk,highinvestment,andlongcyclecharacteristicsofthebiopharmaceuticalindustry,theselectionofdiscountratesshouldfullyreflecttheseriskfactors.Atthesametime,itisalsonecessarytoconsidertheimpactofpolicychangesonbiopharmaceuticalenterprises,suchasnewdrugapprovalpolicies,medicalinsurancepolicies,etc.Thesepolicychangesmayhavesignificantimpactsontheprofitabilityandcashflowofbiopharmaceuticalenterprises.在企业终值估算方面,需要考虑生物医药企业的长期增长潜力和市场地位。由于生物医药企业往往具有较长的生命周期和较高的市场潜力,因此在估算企业终值时应该充分考虑这些因素。可以采用市场比较法、成长曲线法等方法来估算企业终值。Intermsofenterprisefinalvalueestimation,itisnecessarytoconsiderthelong-termgrowthpotentialandmarketpositionofbiopharmaceuticalenterprises.Duetothelonglifespanandhighmarketpotentialofbiopharmaceuticalcompanies,thesefactorsshouldbefullyconsideredwhenestimatingtheirfinalvalue.Marketcomparisonmethod,growthcurvemethod,andothermethodscanbeusedtoestimatethefinalvalueoftheenterprise.修正的FCFF估值模型需要综合考虑生物医药企业的特点和风险,对FCFF预测、折现率确定以及企业终值估算等方面进行适当调整,以提高估值的准确性和可靠性。这对于投资者和企业管理层来说具有重要的指导意义,有助于更好地评估生物医药企业的价值和发展潜力。TherevisedFCFFvaluationmodelneedstocomprehensivelyconsiderthecharacteristicsandrisksofbiopharmaceuticalenterprises,andmakeappropriateadjustmentstoFCFFprediction,discountratedetermination,andenterprisefinalvalueestimationtoimprovetheaccuracyandreliabilityofvaluation.Thishasimportantguidingsignificanceforinvestorsandcorporatemanagement,helpingtobetterevaluatethevalueanddevelopmentpotentialofbiopharmaceuticalenterprises.五、科创板生物医药企业价值评估实证分析EmpiricalAnalysisofValueEvaluationofBiopharmaceuticalEnterprisesontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoard在科创板中,生物医药企业以其独特的创新能力和高成长性,吸引了大量投资者的关注。为了深入探究修正的FCFF估值模型在科创板生物医药企业价值评估中的应用效果,本文选取了若干具有代表性的科创板生物医药企业作为研究对象,进行了实证分析。IntheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoard,biopharmaceuticalcompanieshaveattractedalargenumberofinvestorswiththeiruniqueinnovationcapabilitiesandhighgrowthpotential.InordertodeeplyexploretheapplicationeffectofthemodifiedFCFFvaluationmodelinthevalueevaluationofbiopharmaceuticalenterprisesontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoard,thisarticleselectedseveralrepresentativebiopharmaceuticalenterprisesontheboardasresearchobjectsandconductedempiricalanalysis.在实证分析过程中,我们首先根据修正的FCFF估值模型,对这些企业的自由现金流进行了预测。预测过程中,我们充分考虑了企业的研发投入、产品线布局、市场竞争态势等因素,以确保预测结果的合理性和准确性。Intheempiricalanalysisprocess,wefirstpredictedthefreecashflowoftheseenterprisesbasedontherevisedFCFFvaluationmodel.Duringthepredictionprocess,wefullyconsideredfactorssuchasthecompany'sR&Dinvestment,productlinelayout,andmarketcompetitionsituationtoensuretherationalityandaccuracyofthepredictionresults.接着,我们根据预测的自由现金流和相应的折现率,计算出了这些企业的价值。为了验证评估结果的可靠性,我们还将这些价值与企业的市值进行了对比。结果显示,修正的FCFF估值模型得出的企业价值与市值之间存在较高的相关性,表明该模型在科创板生物医药企业价值评估中具有一定的适用性。Next,wecalculatedthevalueoftheseenterprisesbasedonthepredictedfreecashflowandcorrespondingdiscountrates.Toverifythereliabilityoftheevaluationresults,wealsocomparedthesevalueswiththemarketvalueoftheenterprise.TheresultsshowthatthereisahighcorrelationbetweentheenterprisevalueandmarketvalueobtainedfromtherevisedFCFFvaluationmodel,indicatingthatthemodelhascertainapplicabilityinthevalueevaluationofbiopharmaceuticalenterprisesontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoard.我们还对影响企业价值的关键因素进行了深入分析。通过对比分析不同企业的财务数据和市场表现,我们发现企业的研发能力、市场占有率、产品线丰富度等因素对企业价值具有显著影响。这些发现为投资者在选择科创板生物医药企业时提供了有价值的参考依据。Wealsoconductedin-depthanalysisonthekeyfactorsthataffectenterprisevalue.Bycomparingandanalyzingthefinancialdataandmarketperformanceofdifferententerprises,wefoundthatfactorssuchasresearchanddevelopmentcapabilities,marketshare,andproductlinerichnesshaveasignificantimpactonenterprisevalue.ThesefindingsprovidevaluablereferenceforinvestorswhenchoosingbiopharmaceuticalcompaniesontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoard.通过实证分析,我们验证了修正的FCFF估值模型在科创板生物医药企业价值评估中的有效性。该模型不仅能够提供相对准确的企业价值评估结果,还能帮助投资者更好地识别和把握科创板生物医药企业的投资机会。然而,我们也应意识到任何估值模型都有其局限性,因此在实际应用中需要结合企业的具体情况和市场环境进行综合分析。Throughempiricalanalysis,wehaveverifiedtheeffectivenessoftherevisedFCFFvaluationmodelinthevalueevaluationofbiopharmaceuticalenterprisesontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoard.Thismodelnotonlyprovidesrelativelyaccurateenterprisevalueevaluationresults,butalsohelpsinvestorsbetteridentifyandgraspinvestmentopportunitiesforbiopharmaceuticalcompaniesontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoard.However,weshouldalsobeawarethatanyvaluationmodelhasitslimitations,soinpracticalapplications,itisnecessarytoconductacomprehensiveanalysisbasedonthespecificsituationoftheenterpriseandthemarketenvironment.六、结论与建议Conclusionandrecommendations本研究通过对科创板生物医药企业价值评估的深入研究,结合修正的FCFF估值模型,得出以下Thisstudyconductedin-depthresearchonthevalueevaluationofbiopharmaceuticalenterprisesontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoard,combinedwiththerevisedFCFFvaluationmodel,andobtainedthefollowingconclusions:修正的FCFF估值模型在科创板生物医药企业价值评估中的适用性:修正后的FCFF模型在评估科创板生物医药企业价值时,充分考虑了企业的研发能力、市场前景、政策影响等关键因素,使得评估结果更加贴近企业的真实价值。同时,修正模型也增强了对未来自由现金流预测的准确性和合理性。TheapplicabilityoftherevisedFCFFvaluationmodelinthevalueevaluationofbiopharmaceuticalenterprisesontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoard:WhenevaluatingthevalueofbiopharmaceuticalenterprisesontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoard,therevisedFCFFmodelfullyconsiderskeyfactorssuchasthecompany'sresearchanddevelopmentcapabilities,marketprospects,andpolicyinfluences,makingtheevaluationresultsmorecloselyrelatedtothetruevalueoftheenterprise.Atthesametime,therevisedmodelalsoenhancestheaccuracyandrationalityofpredictingfuturefreecashflows.科创板生物医药企业的高增长与高风险并存:通过修正的FCFF模型评估发现,科创板生物医药企业普遍具有较高的增长潜力,但同时也伴随着较高的风险。这要求投资者在进行投资决策时,需要充分考虑企业的成长性和风险因素。ThecoexistenceofhighgrowthandhighriskinbiopharmaceuticalenterprisesontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoard:ThroughtheevaluationofthemodifiedFCFFmodel,itisfoundthatbiopharmaceuticalenterprisesontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoardgenerallyhavehighgrowthpotential,butalsocomewithhighrisks.Thisrequiresinvestorstofullyconsiderthegrowthandriskfactorsoftheenterprisewhenmakinginvestmentdecisions.重视研发投入与市场前景:在评估过程中,我们发现研发投入和市场前景对生物医药企业的价值具有重要影响。因此,企业在制定发展战略时,应重视研发投入,并积极拓展市场,提高市场竞争力。EmphasizingR&Dinvestmentandmarketprospects:Duringtheevaluationprocess,wefoundthatR&Dinvestmentandmarketprospectshaveasignificantimpactonthevalueofbiopharmaceuticalenterprises.Therefore,whenformulatingdevelopmentstrategies,enterprisesshouldattachimportancetoresearchanddevelopmentinvestment,activelyexpandthemarket,andimprovemarketcompetitiveness.加强科创板生物医药企业的信息披露:为了更准确地评估企业的价值,应加强对科创板生物医药企业的信息披露要求,特别是关于研发投入、市场前景、政策风险等方面的信息。StrengthentheinformationdisclosureofbiopharmaceuticalenterprisesontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoard:Inordertomoreaccuratelyevaluatethevalueofenterprises,itisnecessarytostrengthentheinformationdisclosurerequirementsforbiopharmaceuticalenterprisesontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoard,especiallyregardingresearchanddevelopmentinvestment,marketprospects,policyrisks,andotheraspects.投资者应提高风险评估意识:投资者在进行投资决策时,应充分了解企业的成长性和风险因素,避免因盲目追求高增长而忽视潜在风险。Investorsshouldraiseawarenessofriskassessment:Whenmakinginvestmentdecisions,investorsshouldfullyunderstandthegrowthpotentialandriskfactorsoftheenterprise,andavoidignoringpotentialrisksduetoblindpursuitofhighgrowth.企业应加强研发投入与市场拓展:科创板生物医药企业应加大研发投入,提升技术创新能力,同时积极拓展市场,提高市场份额和竞争力。EnterprisesshouldstrengthentheirR&Dinvestmentandmarketexpansion:BiopharmaceuticalcompaniesontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoardshouldincreasetheirR&Dinvestment,enhancetheirtechnologicalinnovationcapabilities,andactivelyexpandthemarkettoincreasemarketshareandcompetitiveness.进一步完善估值模型:虽然修正的FCFF模型在评估科创板生物医药企业价值方面具有一定的适用性,但仍需不断完善和改进。未来的研究可以进一步探索更加准确和全面的估值方法,以适应不同行业和企业的特点。Furtherimprovingthevaluationmodel:AlthoughtherevisedFCFFmodelhascertainapplicabilityinevaluatingthevalueofbiopharmaceuticalenterprisesontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoard,itstillneedstobecontinuouslyimprovedandperfected.Futureresearchcanfurtherexploremoreaccurateandcomprehensivevaluationmethodstoadapttothecharacteristicsofdifferentindustriesandenterprises.八、附录Appendix本文研究所采用的数据主要来源于各大生物医药企业的公开财务报告、科创板官方公告、以及相关生物医药行业研究报告。部分数据来源于Wind资讯、同花顺等金融数据终端,确保了数据的准确性和权威性。Thedatausedinthisstudymainlycomesfromthepub

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