现在完成时++完整版+练习题 人教版八年级英语下册

教学内容现在完成时教学目标熟悉现在现在完成时的概念以及与一般过去式的区别。掌握现在完成时的肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句结构。3.掌握并牢记现在完成时的标志词。4.让学生懂得鉴别短暂性动词与持续性动词区别；重点现在完成时的四种句式结构；标志词。难点短暂性动作与持续性动作现在完成时一、引入：-DidyouvisitBeijingbefore?-Yes,Idid.-No,Ididn’t.HaveyouevervisitedBeijing?Yes,I________.No,I________.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?Yes,I________.No,I________.概念:（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果Ihavespentallofmymoney(sofar).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)GuoZijunhas(just/already)come.(含义：郭子君现在在这儿)Myfatherhasgonetowork.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.三、结构(重点)接触一：肯定句式主语+have（has）＋过去分词+其他。如：Wehavejustfinishedourhomework．

Shehasgonehome．注意：1）该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。2）该句式中have（has）和过去分词之间可用just插入。3）把该句式译成汉语时，往往用“已经”、“刚刚”、“过”或“了”等。接触二：否定句式主语+haven't（hasn't）＋过去分词+其他。Wehaven’tstudiedUnit2yet．

Thetrainhasn'tstoppedyet．接触三：一般疑问句式Has/Have+主语+过去分词+其他？Haveyoureadthisstorybookyet？特殊疑问句及反意疑问句结构如下：You'vereadthisstorybook,haven'tyou?注意：1）现在完成时的一般疑问句往往在句末加yet。2）把现在完成时的一般疑问句译成汉语时，往往译成“……过吗？”、“已经……了吗？”等。3）其肯定回答用“Yes，．．．have（has）．”，否定回答用“No，．haven't（hasn't）．”，有时用“No，notyet．”或“No，never．”。接触四：特殊疑问句式疑问代词/疑问副词+has/have+主语+过去分词+其他？Whathaveyoudonewithmybike?Wherehasyourbrothergone?Whenhaveyoufinishedyourhomework?动词变过去分词的规则（重要）（PS:你规我就规，你不规我就不规；你--过去式；我--过去分词）规则变化1)一般的动词直接在后面+ed例：worked，visited，asked，played，stayed2)以不发音字母e结尾，直接加d例：likedlivedmoved3）以1个元音字母+1个辅音字母结尾的动词，双写末尾辅音字母再加ed例：stoppeddroppedrobbedplanned，preferred4）以辅音字母加y结尾，改y为i,再加ed.例：carried，worried，tried，cried

不规则变化请参照英语教材附录（不规则动词过去式、过去分词表）。记死背硬2、不规则动词：AAA型原型过去式过去分词burst–burst-bursthurt-hurt-hurtlet-let-letput–put-putcast-cast-castcost-cost-costcut-cut-cuthit–hit-hitset-set-setshut-shut-shutspread–spread-spreadread-read-read,read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/AAB型Beat-beat-beatenABA型Become-became-becomerun-ran-runcome–came-come特殊情况ABB型bring-brought–broughtbuy–bought-boughtbuild-built-builtburn-burnt-burntcatch-caught-caughtdig-dug-dugfeel-felt-feltfight–fought-foughtfind-found-foundhear–heard-heardhold-held-heldkeepkept-keptlay–laid-laidlead-led–ledlose-lost-lostmake-made-mademeet-met-metsell-sold-soldshoot-shot-shotsit-sat–satstand-stood-stoodsweep-swept–sweptteach-taught-taughttell-told-toldthink-thought-thoughtwin–won-wonABC型begin-began–begunblow-blew–blownbreak-broke-brokenchoose-chose-chosendraw-drew–drawndrive–drove-drivendrink–drank-drunkfly-flew-flownforgive–forgave-forgivenforget–forgot-forgottenfreeze-froze-frozengive-gave-givengrow-grew-grownknow-knew-knownride-rode-riddenrise–rose-risenring-rang–rungshake-shook-shakensing–sang-sungsink-sank–sunkswim-swam-swumthrow–threw-thrownwrite-wrote-written五、现在完成时的标志（非常重要）1、ever（曾）、never（未曾）、already（已经）、yet（仍、还）、sofar（到目前为止）just（刚刚）、before（以前)inthepast/last＋一段时间:inthepasttenyears在刚过去的十年里for+一段时间：fortwodays有两天了since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）since1991:自从1991年到现在since+一段时间+agosince14yearsago:自从14年前到现在③since+从句（一般过去时的句子）sinceIwasborn:自从我出生到现在④Itis+一段时间+since+从句（一般过去时的句子）或者：Ithasbeen+一段时间+since+（一般过去时的句子）译作“自从…以来,已经…(时间)了”.如Itisthreemonthssincehemovedtothiscity.=Ithasbeenthreemonthssincehemovedtothiscity.自从他般进这座城市以来，已经有3个月了。PS:already,yet,ever,never,just的用法already肯定句，强调已经的意,放句中或句末.Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.=Ihavefinishedmyhomeworkalready.yet否定句（还没）、问句（已经），放句末Hehasn’tfinishedhishomeworkyet.Hashefinishedhishomeworkyet?ever问句，表示曾经的意思HasJohneverbeentoZhuhai?never含否定意思的肯定句，表示从没的意思HehasneverbeentoChina.just肯定句，表示刚刚的意思IhavejustcomebackfromChina.练习：用already,yet,ever,never,just填空1.

Haveyouseenthefilm()?2.

Haveyoudoneyourhomework()?-Not(),Iwilldoitaftersupper.3.

Haveyou()beentoEngland?-No,().4.

Ihave()finishedreadingthebook.5.

Ihave()paidforthecar.

for,since及howlongFor+时间段：表示某个动作持续了多长时间JoeyhasbeeninNewYorkfor10years.Since+时间点（具体时间/…ago/某个动作发生的时间）：表示某个动作是从什么时候开始的，间接地表示这个动作持续的时间JoeyhasbeeninNewYorksince1996.JoeyhasbeeninNewYorksincetenyearsago.JoeyhasbeeninNewYorksincehefirstarrived.两者都可以回答由Howlong引导的问题。HowlonghasJoeybeeninNewYork?

练习：用for,since及howlong填空1.

Thewindhasblown()2hours.2.

Thedoghasstayedthere()itateitsdinner.3.

()hastheoldmanlaininbed?4.

Theteacherhasthoughtabouttheproblem()yesterday.5.

Thehorsehasrun()quitealongtime.6.

Theduckshaveswum()thirtyminutes.7.

Thepoorchildhasworntheoldclothes()7yearsold.

六、havebeento,havegonetoHave(has)beento表示曾经到过某地（通常现在已经回来了）MymotherhasbeentoLondontwice.妈妈去过两次伦敦。（妈妈现在已经回来了，在家）Have(has)goneto表示已经去了某地（通常不在说话的地方）MymotherhasgonetoLondon.妈妈去了伦敦。（妈妈现在就在伦敦，不在家）练习1.

Jennyiswell-traveled.Shehas______________toGermanytwice.2.

Janeisn’tinnow.Shehas______________totheoffice.CanItakeamessage?3.

Myfatherisasuccessfulbusinessman.He’s______________tomanycountries.4.

It’sadangerousplace.Nobodyhasever______________there.5.

Themanagerhas______________toBeijing.Hewillbebacktomorrow.6.

Thetigerofthezooismissing.Noneofusknowswhereithas______________.

havebeento,havebeenin,havebeenHavebeento去过某地，现在不在那里。末尾通常+频数（多少次）例：IhavebeentoParis.NowIamstayinginZhuhai.Havebeenin一直呆在某地，后接地点例：IcametoZhuhaiin2004.SoIhavebeeninZhuhaifor2yearsalready.Havebeen后接名词和表状态的词组Ihavebeenateachersince2004.IhavebeenatNo.4MiddleSchoolfor2years.练习1.A:Where’sJim,LiLei?B:He______________theschoollibrary.2.TheGreens_____________Chinaforthreeyears.We_____________theGreatWalltwice.It’sverybeautiful.1.Someofushave______________Zhuhaiforonlyaweek.2.Susanhas______________inthisbandforoverfiveyears.3.

Myfatherhas______________Guangdongseveraltimes.4.Ithas______________alongtimesinceIfirstmetJohnny.5.

HelovesZhuhaiandhehas______________therequiteafewtimes.6.Judiehasalways______________agoodstudentandherclassmateslikeher.7.Tonyhas______________Americabefore,sothistimehewilltraveltoFrance.8.Betty’s__________athomeforthreedays.Shedoesn’tfeelinglikegoingout.9.

Thebosshas______________theofficesinceearlythismorning.Heworkshard.

现在完成时态专练句型转换：Hehasalreadygonehome. He___________________home____________.(否定句)____________he__________home___________?(一般疑问句)Hehaslunchathome. He_______________________lunchathome.(否定句)____________he__________lunchathome?(一般疑问句)Hehasbeentheretwice. ______________________________________hebeenthere?(划线提问)Ihavelunchatschool. ____________________you____________lunch?(划线提问)用since和for填空1.______twoyears2._______twoyearsago3._______lastmonth4.______19995._______yesterday6._______4o’clock7.______4hours8._______anhourago9._______wewerechildren10._____lunchtime11.______shelefthere12.HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.13.I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.14.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_________threeyears.15.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.16.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.用适当的时态填空：1.She’s_____________(live)hereeversinceshewasten.2.Bothofthem___________________(be)inHongkongfortendays.3.Bothofthem__________(come)toHongkongtendaysago.4.Halfanhour___________________(pass)sincethetrain__________(leave).5.Mary________________(lose)herpen.___________you____________(see)ithereandthere?6._____________you____________(find)yourwatchyet?7.Areyouthirsty? NoI_________just_____________(have)someorange.8.We_____________already______________(return)thebook.9.___________they____________(build)anewschoolinthevillage?10.I__________________(notfinish)myhomework.Canyouhelpme?11.Myfather________________(read)thenoveltwice.12.I_________(buy)abookjustnow.13.I_________(lost)mywatchyesterday.14.Myfather__________________(read)thisbooksinceyesterday.

三、用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及goto形式填空。1)WhereisJack?He__________hiscountryyesterday.2)David________theparkjustnow.4)Howlong_____he__________thisvillage?5)TheSmiths______Beijingfor5years.6)_____youever____________America?--Yes,I____________theremanytimes.7)I__________________thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.8)WhereisJim?He___________thefarmsinceIcamehere.9)When_____he_____?He_______anhourago.10)Wouldyouliketo_____thezoowithme?Yes,butI_____therebefore.11)Where_____you_____now?I____thezoo.12)Heoften_____swimming.13)_____you______therelastyear?14)_____theyoften______skatinginwinter?七、瞬间动词和持续性动词用于完成时的区别延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示时间段(for+时间段/since+时间点)的时间状语连用。Hehascompletedthework.他已完成了那项工作。(表结果)Juliahasborrowedthebook.Julia已经借了那本书。I'veknownhimsincethen.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)Juliahaskeptthebookfor3days.Julia已借了三天这本书了。瞬间动词不能和表示一段时间(for+时间段/since+时间点)的时间状语连用,但是他可以转换成相应的延续性动词.瞬间动词————→持续性动词1.直接用延续性动词buy–havecatch(get)acold–haveacoldborrow—keepcome—beherego—betherebecome—beputon—wear2.转换成be+名词jointhearmy–beasoldierjointheParty–beaPartymembergotoschool–beastudent3.转换成be+形容词或副词die—bedeadfinish–beoverbegin—beonleave—beawayfromfallsleep–beasleepclose–beclosed4.转换成be+介词短语gotoschool–beinschooljointhearmy–beinthearmy重点记忆：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,come，go，leave,……）不能直接与forsince连用。要改变动词buyhaveborrowkeepcome/arrive/reach/gettobeingooutbeoutleavebeawaybeginbeonfinishbeoveropenbeopenclosebecloseddiebedead★1.have代替buyMybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.★2、用keep或have代替borrowIhavekept(不能用haveborrowed)thebookforquiteafewdays.★3、用be替代becomeHowlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?★4、用haveacold代替catchacoldTomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.★5、用wear代替putonb)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词1、be＋married代marry2、be＋ill代fall(get)ill3、be＋dead代die4、be＋asleep代fall(get)asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wakeup6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be＋open代open8、beclosed代close/shut9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词1“be＋on”代start,begin2“be＋up”代getup3“be＋back(to)”代returnto,comebackto,gobackto4“behere(there)”代come(arrive,reach,get)here或go(arrive,reach,get)there等等d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词1.“bein/at+地点”代替goto/cometo2.用beinthearmy代替jointhearmy3.“bein/at+地点”代替moveto常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：（背诵！！！）1.havearrivedat/in地点.gotto/reached地点.come/gone/movedto地点.→havebeenin地点./at…相应的介词2.havecome/goneback/returned→havebeenback3.havecome/goneout→havebeenout4.havebecome→havebeen5.haveclosed/opened→havebeenclose/open6.havegotup→havebeenup；7.havedied→havebeendead；8.haveleft地点.→havebeenawayfrom地点.9.havefallenasleep/gottosleep→havebeenasleep；10.havefinished/ended/completed→havebeenover；11.havemarried→havebeenmarried；12.havestarted/beguntodosth.→havedonesth.；13.havebegun→havebeenon14.haveborrowed/bought→havekept/had15.havelost→haven’thad16.haveputon→haveworn17.havecaught/getacold→havehadacold；18.havegottoknow→haveknown19.have/hasgoneto→havebeenin20.havejoined/havetakenpartintheleague/theParty/thearmy→havebeenamemberof/havebeenin/havebeentheParty’smember/theleaguemember/thesoldier…1.我们买这本书三年了.Wehavehadthebookforthreeyears.Weboughtthebookthreeyearsago2.他感冒三天了.Hehashadacoldforthreedays.Hecaughtacoldthreedaysago.1.Hisuncle____________(die)fortwoyears.2.Helefthishometownthreeyearsago.(改为同义句)He________________________hishometownforthreeyears.瞬间动词和持续动词的练习判断正误：TorF1.

Annhasbecomeateacherfor4years.2.

MariahasborrowedtheCDfrommeforaoveraweek.3.

Jeffhaslefthomesincehewas19yeasold.4.

Normanhasputthemachinerightforafewhours.5.

Thestudentshavefinishedthehomeworkforawhile.6.

Thefrontdoorhasbeenopenfor8hoursalready.7.

Themeetinghaslastedfortwohoursandahalf.八、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和过去具体的时间连用,而过去时可以.一般过去时常和过去时间短语连用。1.

He____________(work)inourschoolforoneyear.2.

He______(come)toourschoollastyear/in2002.3.

They_______________(cook)thesupperalready.4.

They___________(cook)thesupperhalfanhourago.延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化1.Hedied10yearsago.He______________for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.He_____________thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.He___________themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.He____________heresincethreedaysago.6.Helefthere2yearsago.He____________fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.Thefilm__________for30minutes.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.Thedoor___________foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.He_____________thearmyforayear.一、单项选择。1、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itA.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish2、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin3、—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade4、.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_____for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway5、I______theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin6、Thefactory____sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened7、MaryandRose____friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome8、Themeeting_____foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover9、MissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.

A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught10、Howlong_______he________?A.did;diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead11、He______ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept12、He________thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad13、Howlong_____you_____ill?Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been14、I'lllendyouthebook,butyoucanonly_____itfor2days.A.borrowB.keepC.take15、HowlongcanI______thebook?Twoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.getD.keep16、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten17、HaveyoumetMr.Li____？Ａ.JustＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago

18、—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.Ａ.beenＢ.goneＣ.comeＤ.arrived19、—Ourcountry____alotsofar.

—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;goodＣ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better20、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finishedＣ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish21、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew22、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_____twice.Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see23、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When_____there?Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygoＣ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone

24、ZhouLang______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;studyＣ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying25、Hisfather______thePartysince1998.Ａ.joinedＢ.hasjoinedＣ.wasinＤ.hasbeenin26、—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We______friendssincetenyearsago.Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemade27、Hehas___beentoShanghai,hashe?Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still28、Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegunＣ.hasbeenonＤ.began29、It___tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.

Ａ.IsＢ.hasbeenＣ.willＤ.was30、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.She_______tothelibrary.Ａ.hasgoneＢ.wentＣ.willgoＤ.hasbeen31、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.Ａ.havebeeninＢ.havebeentoＣ.havegonetoＤ.havebeen32、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,____?

A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey33、_______hasMr.WhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe_______toChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived34、Hisuncle_______formorethan9years.

A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity作业1.

You’veneverseensuchawonderfulfilmbefore,_______?Ahaven’tyouBhaveyouCdoyouDdon’tyou2.--AnnhasgonetoShanghai.So________herparents.A.doB.doesC.hasD.have3.–Ihavewatchedthegame.--When____you____it?AhavewatchedBdowatchCdidwatchDwillwatch4.Mr.Green____inChinasincefiveyearsago.AlivedBhaslivedClivesDisgoingtolive5.Hisgrandma______fortwoyears.AdiedBhasbeendeadCwasdeadDhasdied6.–WhereisHanMeinow?She____toShanghai.Shewillbebackintwodays.AhasgoneBhasbeenCgoesDhadgone7._____totheUnitedStated?No,never,butIwenttoCanadaafewyearsago.A.DidyougoB.DoyougoC.HaveyoubeenD.Haveyougone8.Youhaven’tchangedyourmind,_______?AdoyouBareyouChaveyouDdidyou现在完成时练习(一)A)选用have,has填空:1.I_______toldhimthenews.2.She________comebackfromschool.3.You________wonthegame.B)按要求改写下列各句:4.Theyhaveboughtacomputer.(改成否定句)_________________________________________5.Hehaslosthisbook.(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)_________________________________________C)单项选择6.-Wherehaveyou_____,Kate?-I've______tothebank.A.gone,goneB.been,beenC.gone,beenD.been,gone7.Hergrandfather______fortwoyears.A.diedB.hasdiedC.hasbeendeadD.hasbeendied8.It'ssixweeks______Imetyoulasttime.A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.for9.TomandJackhavearrivedatWestHillFarmalready.选出与画线部分相同意思的选项_________A.havegotB.havegonetoC.havebeentoD.havereached现在完成时练习（二）一、单项选择。1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_________what'shappenedtohim.（呼和浩特）Ａ.knewＢ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤ.willknow2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still3、HaveyoumetMr.Li______？Ａ.justＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyears.Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;goodＣ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;studyＣ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.