英语二历年真题及答案()大全

朽木易折，金石可镂。千里之行，始于足下。第页/共页2023年年年4月高等教诲自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷及答案（课程代码：00015）PARTONE（50POINTS）Ⅰ.VocabularyandStructure(10points,1pointforeachitem)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。1.Would’tyouratheryourchild______successfulwithhisstudyandwonthescholarship?A.becameB.becomeC.wouldbecomeD.becomes2.AlthoughTomissatisfiedwithhisacademicachievement,hewonders_______willhappentohisfamilylife.A.itB.thatC.whatD.this3.Wehopethatallthemeasuresagainstsandstorms,________wasputforwardbythecommittee,willbeconsideredseriouslyatthemeeting.A.whileB.afterC.sinceD.as4.Wecannotleavethistoughjobtoaperson_________.A.whonobodyhasconfidenceB.inwhomnobodyhasconfidenceC.forwhomnobodyhasconfidenceD.whoeveryonehasconfidenceof5.Youarethebestforthejob_____youapplyyourmindtoit.A.untilB.ifonlyC.incase D.unless6.Hey,leave_____!Ihatepeopletouchingmyhair.A.behindB.outC.offD.over7.Ithoughttheproblemofwatershortagewould________atthemeetingbutnobodymentionedit.A.comeup B.comeuptoC.comeoverD.cometo8.Mr.Smith,canI________youforaminute?I’dliketohearyouropiniononthisissue.A.sayawordwithB.havewordswithC.mentionawordwithD.haveawordwith9.Thereisadeadlock(僵局)inthediscussionwhenneithersidegives________totheover.A.away B.wayC.theway D.itsway10.Thistypeofdeskandchaircanbeadjusted________theheightofstudentsatdifferentages.A.with B.forC.toD.inⅡ.ClozeTest(10points,1pointforeachitem)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。按照上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。ForoverahundredyearsJapanhasconsistentlyspentlargesumsofmoneyandconsiderablehumanresourcesinanefforttoobtaintechnology.Herabilitytonegotiate__11___bythefactmostofthetechnologyshewantedwasnocommercialsecrets.Japan’s__12__hasalsobeenstrengthenedbythefactthatherinternalmarketwaslarge,sothat__13__tothismarketcouldbeofferedtomultinationalcompaniesasanattractiontothemtograntlicenses.Besides,Japan’sworkforcewasdisciplined,soitwascapable__14__applyingtheinformationitacquired.Finally,AmericanandEuropeancompanies,whowere__15__licensers,feltthattheJapanesecompaniesmighttakealargeshareoftheworldmarket__16__theywerenotlimitedbylicensingagreement.Conditionsofthissort,__17__togetherinonenation,maywellbeunique,andthecaseofJapanmaythereforenotactuallydemonstratethatlicensingisjustasefficientasmultinationalownershipforthe__18__oftechnology.Infact,Japanmaybefindingthismethodofoperation__19__effectivethaninthepast,asherneedsforoutsidetechnologynowrequireinformationwhich__20__onlyafewcompaniesandismorecloselyheld.11.A.wasstrengthened B.willbestrengthened

C.willhavebeenstrengthened D.hasbeenstrengthened12.A.position B.location C.place D.point13.A.entry B.access C.presence D.acceptance14.A.at B.in C.for D.of15.A.potential B.feasible C.liable D.inevitable16.A.until B.before C.if D.after17.A.cameB.come C.willcome D.coming18.A.transformation B.transfer C.transmission D.shift19.A.muchB.little C.less D.more20.A.stickstoB.belongsto C.drawson D.takesonⅢ.ReadingComprehension(30points,2pointforeachitem)从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个挑选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Oneday,theprincipalcameintoourroomand,aftertalkingtotheteacher,forsomereasonsaid:“Iwishallofthewhitescholarstostandforamoment.”Irosewiththeothers.Theteacherlookedatmeand,callingmyname,said:“Yousitdownforthepresent,andrisewiththeothers.”Ididnotquiteunderstandher.Sherepeated:“Yousitdownnow,andrisewiththeothers.”Isatdownpuzzledanddumb.Isawandheardnothing.Whentheotherwereaskedtorise,Ididnotknowit.Whenschoolwasdismissed,Iwentoutunconsciously.Afewofthewhiteboyslaughedatme,saying:“Oh,you’reanigger,too.”IhurriedonasfastasIcouldtowheremylooking–glasshungonthewallinmyownlittleroom.ForaninstantIwasafraidtolook,butwhenIdid,Ilookedlongandearnestly.Iwasaccustomedtohearingremarksaboutmybeauty;butnow,forthefirsttime,Ibecameconsciousofitandrecognizedit.Inoticedtheivory(象牙)whitenessofmyskin,thebeautyofmymouth,thesizeandliquiddarknessofmyeyes.Irandownstairsandrushedtowheremymotherwassitting.Iburiedmyheadinherlapandcriedout:“Mother,tellme,amIanigger?”Icouldnotseeherface,butIfeltherhandsonmyhead.Ilookedupintoherface.ThereweretearsinhereyesandIcouldseethatshewassufferingforme.AndthenitwasthatIlookedathercriticallyforthefirsttime.Ihadthoughtofherinachildishwayonlyasthemostbeautifulwomanintheworld;nowIlookedathersearchingfordefects.Icouldseethatherskinwasalmostbrown,andthatshediddifferinsomewayfromtheotherladieswhocametothehouse;yet,evensoIcouldseethatshewasmorebeautifulthananyofthem.ShemusthavefeltthatIwasexaminingher,forshehidherfaceinmyhairandsaidwithdifficulty:“No,mydarling,youarenotanigger.”Shewenton:“Ifanyonecallsyouanigger,don’tnoticethem.”Butthemoreshetalked,thelesswasIreassured,andIstoppedherbyasking:“Well,mother,amIwhite?Areyouwhite?”Sheansweredtremblingly:“No,Iamnotwhite,butyourfatherisoneofthegreatestmeninthecountry.ThebestbloodoftheSouthisinyou.”Thissuddenlyopenedupinmyheartafreshfear,andIalmostfiercelydemanded:“Whoismyfather?Whereishe?”Shestrokedmyhairandsaid:“I’lltellyouabouthimsomeday.”Isobbed:“Iwanttoknownow.”Sheanswered:“No,notnow.”21.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat“anigger”means________.A.awhitepersonB.ablackpersonC.anyonethatisnotwhiteD.anyonethatisnotblack22.Whentheteacheraskedhimtositdownandrisewiththeothers,theauthorwasconfusedbecause_________.heneverconsideredhimselfanon-whitepersonhethoughttheteacherdidn’trecognizehimhethoughtheshouldbeconsideredhethoughtitrudefortheteachertocallhisname23.Itwasonthatdaythathebegantorealizethat_________.hewasaniggerhewasdifferentfromothersbecauseofhisbeautyhiscolorwaslikethatofhismotherhedifferedfromotherwhitepeopleevenwithhisbeauty24.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat_________.theboy’sfatherleftthemforsomereasonstheboy’smotherdidn’twanttomentionhisfatheratalltheboynevermethisfatherbeforetheboy’smotherhatedhisfather25.Thispassagegenerallytellsusastoryof________.A.aboywhosuddenlyrealizedthathewasacoloredpersonB.aboywhohadbeenlookeddownuponbecausehehadnofatherC.themiserablelifeofcoloredpeopleD.thelifeofaone-parentfamilyPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ForAmericans,timeisa“resource”that,likewaterorcoal,canbeusedwellorpoorly.“Timeismoney,”theysay.“Youonlygetsomuchtimeinthislife;you’dbestuseitwisely.”Thefuturewillnotbebetterthanthepastorthepresentunlesspeopleusetheirtimefroconstructive,future-orientedactivities.Thus,Americansadmirea“well-organized”person,onewhohasawrittenlistofthingstodoandaschedulefordoingthem.Theidealpersonispunctualandtreasuresotherpeople’stime.TheAmericanattitudetowardstimeisnotnecessarilysharedbyothers,especiallynon-Europeans.Theyaremorelikelytoconsidertimeassomethingthatissimplytherearoundthem,notsomethingtheycan“use”.OneofthemoredifficultthingsmanyforeignbusinessmenandstudentsmustadjusttointheStatesisthenotionthattimemustbesavedwheneverpossibleandusedwiselyeveryday.Intheireffortstousetheirtimewisely,Americansaresometimesseenbyforeignvisitorsasautomatons,unhumancreatureswhoaresotiedtotheirclocksandtheirschedulesthattheycannotparticipateinorenjoythehumaninteractionsthatarethetrulyimportantthingsinlife.“Theyarelikelittlemachinesrunningaround,”oneforeignvisitorsaid.TheemphasisAmericansplaceonefficiencyiscloselyrelatedtotheirconceptsofthefuture,changeandtime.Todosomethingefficientlyistodoitinthewaythatisquickestandrequiresthesmallestinvestmentofresources.Americanbusinessessometimeshire“efficiencyexperts”toreviewtheiroperationsandsuggestwaysinwhichtheycouldaccomplishmorethantheyarecurrentlyaccomplishingwiththeresourcestheyareinvesting.Popularperiodicalscarrysuggestionsformoreefficientwaystocleanhouse,raisechildren,tendtheyard,andsoon.Inthiscontextthe“fast-foodindustry”canbeseenasaclearexampleofanAmericanculturalproduct.McDonald’s,KentuckyFriedChicken,PizzaHut,andotherfast-foodestablishmentsprosperinacountrywheremanypeoplewanttominimizetheamountoftimetheyspendpreparingandeatingmeals.ThemillionsofAmericanswhotaketheirmealsatfast-foodrestaurantscannothavemuchinterestinlingeringovertheirfoodwhileconversingwithfriends,asmillionsofEuropeansdo.AsMcDonald’srestaurantshavespreadaroundtheworld,theyhavebeenviewedassymbolsofAmericansocietyandculture,bringingnotjusthamburgersbutanemphasisonspeed,efficiency,andshinycleanliness.ThetypicalAmericanfood,someobserversargue,isfastfood.26.Ifapersontreasuresotherpeople’stime,he.doesnotwastepeople’stimewithconversationoractivitythathasnobeneficialoutcomedoesnotbelievethefuturewillbeanybetterthanthepresentorthepastlikestodeepawrittenscheduleofthedailyactivitieswithhimlikestohavehismealsatthefast-foodrestaurantstosavetime27.IntheeyesoftheforeignvisitorsintheStates,Americanpeople.thinkthattimeisalwaystherewhichneedsbudgetingenjoysavingandusingtimewiselyeverydayareindifferentinthattheyarelikefeelinglessmachinesaresofullyengagedthattheyareunabletoenjoytheimportantthingsinlife28.Whatisthejobofanefficiencyexpert?Writingarticlesforperiodicals.Recommendingwaysofefficientinvestment.Examiningthequalityofacompany’sproducts.Teachingpeoplehowtotakecareoftheiryard.29.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?ManyAmericanslovehavingmealsatfast-foodrestaurants.Americansarebusierthanotherpeopleintheworld.TheAmericanfast-foodindustryhelpsspreadtheAmericanculturearoundtheworld.TheUnitedStatesisthefatheroftheworld’sfast-foodindustry.30.Thebesttitleforthispassageis..TheAmericanConceptofTimeTheDevelopmentoftheAmericanFastFoodIndustryHowtoRaiseEfficiencyTheAmericanFoodandCulturePassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itisdifficulttoestimatethenumberofyoungstersinvolvedinhomeschooling,wherechildrenarenotsenttoschoolandreceivetheirformaleducationfromoneorbothparents.Legislationandcourtdecisionshavemakeitlegallypossibleinmoststatesforparentstoeducatetheirchildrenathome,andeachyearmorepeopletakeadvantageofthatopportunity.Supportersofhomeeducationclaimthatitislessexpensiveandfarmoreefficientthanmasspubliceducation.Moreovertheyquoteseveralmerits:reliefofschoolovercrowding,addedcurricularandpedagogical(课程和教学法)alternatives,strengthenedfamilyrelationships,lowerdropoutrates,increasedmotivation,higherstandardizedtestscores,andreduceddisciplineproblems.Supportersofhomeschoolingalsobelievethatitprovidestheparentswiththeopportunitytoreinforcetheirmoralvaluesthrougheducation.Criticsofhomeschoolingmovementclaimthatitcreatesasmanyproblemsasitsolves.Theyacknowledgethat,inafewcases,homeschoolingofferseducationalopportunitiessuperiortothosefoundinmostpublicschools,butfewparentscanprovidesucheducationaladvantages.Someparentswhowithdrawtheirchildrenformtheschoolsinfavorofhomeschoolinghaveaninadequateeducationalbackgroundandinsufficientformaltrainingtoprovideasatisfactoryeducationfortheirchildren.Typically,parentshavefewer,notmoretechnologicalresourcesavailablethandoschools.However,therelativelyinexpensivecomputertechnologythatisreadilyavailabletodayiscausingsometochallengethenotionthathomeschoolingisinanywaynotsogoodasmorehighlystructuredclassroomeducation.Finally,asociological(社会学)concernistherestrictedsocialinteractionexperiencedbychildrenwhoareeducatedathome.Technologywillneverreplacethepupil-teacherrelationship.Also,whilerelationshipswithparentsandbrothersandsistersmaybeimproved,childrentaughtathomemaydevelopadistorted(歪曲的)viewofsociety.31.Themainideaofthepassageisthat.moreandmoreparentsareinfavorofhomeschoolinghomeschoolingissuperiortoschooleducationbecauseithasbeenlegallyapprovedthoughhomeschoolinghasitsadvantages,itcreatesasmanynewproblemsatthesametimeschooleducationisnodoubtbetterthanhomeeducation32.Thosewhosupporthomeschoolingthinkthat.it’slessexpensiveandmoreefficientapartfromothermeritsithasaddedcurricularandpedagogicalalternativesitwillcausefewerdisciplineproblemsit’smoreimportanttoreinforcemoralvalues33.Criticsbelievethat.fewparentscanaffordcomputersandtechnologywhenprovidinghomeeducationfewparentsarequalifiedenoughtoprovideasatisfactoryhomeeducationschoolteachersarebetterthanparentsclassroomenvironmentcanprovidemostsatisfactoryeducation34.Accordingtotheauthor,homeschoolingcannothelpchildren.acquiresocialknowledgebuilduparelationshipwithfamilymembersbuilduppupil-teacherrelationshipdeveloparightviewofsociety35.Theattitudeoftheauthortowardhomeschoolingis.vaguepositivetotallynegativestraight-forwardPARTTWO（50POINTS）=4\*ROMANIV.WordSpelling(10points,1pointfortwoitems)将下列汉语单词译成英语。每个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将残破的单词写在答题纸上。破坏，使…遇难vtw____ 37.自愿的，自发的a.v________紧要的，紧迫的a..u_____ 39.容忍，忍受vt.t_______症状，征兆n.s______ 41.最近，不久前ad.l_____放大，夸大vt.m______ 43.概念，主意n.n_____顺从，顺从vt.o___ 45.苦干的，费力的a.p__________达到；造诣n.a_________47.使平衡；权衡vt.b______战役，运动n.c_______49.装修，装点vt.d_______基本的，初级的a.e_________51.忠诚的，忠实的a.f_______姿态，手势ng______53.高度地，异常ad.h_____模仿的，仿制的a.i________55.正义，平等n.j______=5\*ROMANV.WORDFORM(10points,1pointforeachitem)将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。56.Onceharm______(do)totheenvironment,ittakesyearstohavethesystemrecovered.57.Withthestrike_______(settle),theworkonthenewassemblylinewentaheadlikewildfire.58.Thechildwasplaying_________(danger)neartheedgeoftheswimmingpool.59.Thisproject________(accomplish)bytheendof2023年年willgreatlyimprovethebasicfacilityofthecity.60.Peopleappreciate_________(talk)withhimbecauseheisknowledgeableandhumorous.61.Sincetheauthordidnotsticktothetopic,Ifoundhisarticlevery______(confuse)andhardtofollow.62.Withallthisdone,I______(free)fromalltroublesandresponsibilities.63.Hadhebeentreatedwell,he________(getover)thisdisease.64.Investigationsintothecauseoftheshipwreckshowthattheship_______(sink)themomentithittherock.65.Ifonlytheboard________(approve)theproposalandputitintoeffect.=6\*romanvi．TranslationfromChineseintoEnglish(15points,3pointsforeachitem)将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。66.时光是世界上最容易奢侈也是最难以控制的东西。67．固然管理者不能预测未来，但他们的许多决策还是要求他们考虑到未来可能发生的事情。68．爱因斯坦声称物质和能量是可以互相转化的，因此没有绝对的时光和空间。69．这次考试不及格人数多得惊人。70．二十世纪六十年代美国民间音乐除表现爱情与希翼外，还表现反战情绪。=7\*romanvii.TranslationfromEnglishintoChinese(15points)将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。Planningisaveryimportantactivityinourlives.Itcangivepleasureandevenexcitement,butcausequitesevereheadaches.Themoresignificantthetaskahead,themorecarefultheplanningrequired.Gettingtoschoolortoworkontimeisataskrequiringlittleornoplanning.Itisalmostaroutine.Amonth’stouringholidayabroad,orbetterstill,gettingmarried,isadifferentmatteraltogether.Iftheholidayinvolvesachurchwedding,with50guests,areception,ahoneymooninItaly,andreturningtoanewhome,thisrequiresevenmoreplanningtomakesurethatissuccessful.Planningisourwayoftryingtoensuresuccessandofavoidingcostlyfailureswecannotafford.Itisequallyessentialtomankindasawhole,tonations,tofamiliesandtoeachindividual;thescalemayvary,butthedegreeofimportancedoesnot.2023年年年4月高等教诲自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）答案Ⅰvocabularyandstructure(本大题共10题，每小题1分，共10分)1.A2.C3.D4.B5.B 6.C7.A8.D9.B10.CⅡclozetest(本大题共10题，每小题1分，共10分)11.D12.A13.B14.D15.A 16.C17.D18.B19.C20.BⅢreadingcomprehension(本大题共15题，每小题2分，共30分)21.B22.A23.D24.C25.A 26.A27.D28.B29.C30.A31.C32.A33.B34.D35.DⅣwordspelling(本大题共20题，每小题0.5分，共10分)36.wreck 37.voluntary 38.urgent 39.tolerate 40.symptom41.lately 42.magnify 43.notion 44.obey 45.painstaking46.attainment47.balance 48.campaign49.decorate 50.elementary51.faithful 52.gesture 53.highly 54.imitative 55.justiceⅤwordform(本大题共10题，每小题1分，共10分)56.isdone 57.settled 58.dangerously 59.tobeaccomplished60.talking61.confusing62.havebeenfreed63.wouldhavegotover64.sank65.wouldapproveVI.TranslationfrontChineseintoEnglish(本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分)66.Timeistheeasiestthingintheworldtowasteandthemostdifficultthingtocontrol.67.Althoughmanagerscannotpredictthefuture,manyoftheirdecisionsrequirethattheyconsider/takeintoaccountpossiblefutureevents.68.Einsteinclaimedthatmatterandenergyareinterchangeable,sothereisnoabsolutetimeandspace/sotimeandspacearenotabsolute.69.Thenumberoffailuresintheexaminationissurprisinglylarge.70.TheAmericanfolkmusicinthe1960’sexpressedanti-warsentimentsaswellasloveandhope.VII．TranslationfromEnglishintoChinese.(本大题共15分)计划是我们生活中一项异常重要的活动。它能使人愉快，甚至令人欢喜，但也会让人十分头疼。工作越重要，所需的计划就要越仔细。按时上班或上学是几乎根本不需要计划的工作，它只不过是日常事务。而长达一个月的国外旅游度假，或更甚之，结婚娶亲，就彻低是两码事了。倘若假期中还要举行婚礼，接待50位宾客，举办招待会，去意大利度蜜月，再回到新家，那就更需要计划周全，以确保胜利。计划使我们能够保证胜利，避免那些代价昂贵，而我们又难以承受的失败。对于囫囵人类、民族、家庭乃至个人来说，计划同样又是必不可少的。其规模可大可小，但重要性都一样。朽木易折，金石可镂。千里之行，始于足下。第页/共页朽木易折，金石可镂。千里之行，始于足下。第页/共页朽木易折，金石可镂。千里之行，始于足下。第页/共页朽木易折，金石可镂。千里之行，始于足下。第页/共页朽木易折，金石可镂。千里之行，始于足下。第页/共页朽木易折，金石可镂。千里之行，始于足下。第页/共页朽木易折，金石可镂。千里之行，始于足下。第页/共页朽木易折，金石可镂。千里之行，始于足下。第页/共页2023年年4月高等教诲自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷及答案（课程代码：00015）PARTONE(50POINTS)I．VocabularyandStructure(10points,1pointeach)1.Itwouldbebettertomakeadecisionnow,______leaveituntilnextweek.A.otherthanB.ratherthanC.lessthanD.morethan2.We'llinformyouassoonasticketsbecome______.A.valuableB.capableC.acceptableD.available3.Theforeigncompanyhasbeen______runningthisfactoryfordecades.A.enormouslyB.effectivelyC.infinitelyD.extremely4.Ifyou______myadvice,youwouldn'tbeinsuchtroublenow.A.tookB.takesC.hastakenD.hadtaken5.Themeeting______,welefttheroomquicklyfordinner.A.overB.wasoverC.isoverD.beenover6.Allthemoney______,Frederickstartedlookingforwork.A.havingspentB.hasbeenspentC.havingbeenspentD.hadbeenspent7.______histalkwhenMaryranoutofthelecturehall.A.HardlyhadbebegunB.HardlyhehadbegunC.HardlyhehasbegunD.Hehardlyhadbegun8.Thetwosistersare_____inmanyways,notonlyinappearancebutalsointemperament.A.likeB.likelyC.alikeD.lively9.Thepurposeoftheprogramistoprovidetrainingforemployeessothattheycanwork______.A.lateB.laterC.latelyD.latest10.Ihopemyboyfriendwillbehandsome,strongand______kind.A.aboveallB.inallC.atallD.afterallII.ClozeTest(10points,1pointeach)Howevercarefulonemaybe,hecannotpossiblylistencarefullytoeverythingthathehears.Thereare11ofreasonsforthis.Oneofthemistheoverloadofmessagesmostofus12eachday.Inadditiontothenumeroushourswe13hearingotherpeoplespeak,wemayspendseveralhourslisteningtotheradioorsittinginfrontofatelevisionset.14,itisimpossibletofocusourattentioncompletelyonwhatissaid;ourmindmightbe15elsewhere.Preoccupationwithourpersonalconcernsis16reasonwedon'talwayslistencarefully.Aromance17souroragoodgradeonatestmaytakeprominenceinourmindevenas18isspeakingtous.Furthermore,wearesurroundedbyallkindsofnoiseswhichinterfere19listening.Forexample,voicesatapartyor20oftrafficmaysimplymakeitdifficultforustocatcheverythingthatisbeingsaid.11.A.thenumber B.anumber C.number D.numbers12.A.accept B.obtain C.receive D.possess13.A.put B.consume C.spend D.spare14.A.Besides B.Whereas C.Otherwise D.Nevertheless15.A.wondering B.swinging C.recycling D.wandering16.A.other B.some C.theother D.another17.A.gone B.going C.goes D.went18.A.anyone B.everyone C.someone D.few19.A.to B.with C.of D.about20.A.sound B.noise C.voice D.screamIII.ReadingComprehension(30points,2pointseach)PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Manyoftoday'smosttrustedsalestechniqueswereinventedoveracenturyagobyayoungmerchantnamedEatoninToronto.Whenhewasyoung,Eatonworkedbrieflywithhisbrothersinsmall-townstores.In1869,hesepuphisownshopindowntownToronto.Hehadmanycompetitors,buthewasalsoambitiousandhadaplanforsuccess.Heofferedauniquestyleoftrade,butaswasexpected,alltheothershopkeeperslaughedathim,believinghewouldeventuallyfail.However,Eatonwasnotamantobeeasilydefeated;hecameupwithabrandnewnotionofbusiness-"Goodssatisfactory,ormoneyrefunded."Hesoldallhisgoodsatfixedpricesandonlyforcash.Withasharpsenseofwhatthepublicwanted,hewentoutofthewaytomeettheirneeds.Hisbusinessgrewrapidly.Hesetupnewbranchesandstartedmailorderservicethatallowedpeopletobuyfromalistofhisgoods.Eaton'slist-advertisementsofhisday-wasthefirstofitskind.Itwasdistributedandreadalloverthecountry.Itwastheonlywaytoaccessgood-qualitygoodsatreasonablepricesforpeoplelivingfarawayfrombigcites.Itbecamepartoftheirlife.TheyevencalleditTheWishingBook.Thesecretofthelist'ssuccesswasthatEatongainedtherespectofthiscustomers;theytrustedhimforgoodpricesandqualitygoods.ProbablybecauseherememberedhismiserableearlydaysinIreland,Eatonthoughtmuchofthewelfareofhisemployees:betterworkingconditions,shorterweekdayhoursthanhiscompetitorsandSaturdayafternoonsoffinthesummer.Inallthis,hewasaleader.21.ThebestdescriptionofEatonisthat______.A.hewastherichestmerchantinTorontoB.hewasasuccessfultechnicalinventorC.heintroducednewsalespracticesD.hechangedpeople'sideasaboutbusinessmen22.Eaton'ssuccesslayprimarilyinthat____.A.hesoldonlygoodqualitygoodsB.hewasthefirstpersontoprovidegoodserviceC.hetreatedhisemployeesbetterthananyofhiscompetitorsD.hewonrespectfromhiscustomers23.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat______.A.EatoninventedtheideaoftheinternetshoppingB.EatondroveotherbusinessmentofailureC.EatonneversoldhisgoodsoncreditD.Eatonwasdefeatedbyhisrivals24.Thebesttitleforthispassageis_____.A.GoodGoods,ofMoneyRefundedB.Eaton,aSalesInventorC.Customers'Respect,aSecretofSuccessD.Eaton'slist,aWelcomeEventinSalesHistory25.Eaton'sListwasimportanttopeopleonfarmsbecauseitwasaconvenientwayofgetting_____.A.good-qualitygoodsatreasonablepricesB.goodsatunreasonablepricesC.good-qualitygoodsatunreasonablepricesD.poor-qualitygoodsatreasonablepricesPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thethreatofaglobaloutbreak(疾病大爆发)ofbirdflumakesiturgentfortheinternationalcommunitytocooperateeffectively.Wealthycountrieswillhavetoprovidehundredsofmillionsofdollarsforthetestingandproductionofmedicinesnecessaryfortreatingpatientssufferingfrombirdflu.Developingcountries,particularlyinSoutheastAsia,wherethebirdfluvirus(病毒)hasspreadsince1997,mustworkoutspecialprogramssothatfarmerswillnothidesighsofpossibleoutbreaks.Inaddition,thewaysuchfarmbirdsaschickensandducksaretraditionallyraisedandmarketedinthedevelopingworldshouldbechanged;thereshouldbemoredistancebetweenthebirdsandtheirkeepers.Countriesshoulddealwiththediseasewithjointeffort.Ifonecountryisinadequatelyprepared,itwillbeathreattoeveryothercountry.Thepotentialeffectsofanationaloutbreakofbirdfluareenormous.Firstly,anoutbreakmaykilllargenumbersofpeople.WorldHealthOrganization(WHO)estimatesthatanoutbreaksimilartothemildHongKongfluof1968couldkillasmanyas7.4millionspeople.Ifitwereasdangerousasthe1918Spanishflu,whichkilled50million,thenumberwouldbemuchhigher.Secondly,suchanoutbreakmaycausegreatfinancialdamage.Thelatestoutbreakofbirdflu,whichbeganinDecember2003,hascostSoutheastAsiamorethan$10billionanddepresseditsGDPby1.5per