中外设计史重点

中外设计史重点1、我国黄河中上游地区的主要彩陶类型有半坡型、庙底沟、马家窑、半山型、马厂型2、商代青铜艺术中，青铜是铜、锡的一种合金。3、饕餮纹，它是商代青铜器上的主要纹样，多装饰在器物的显要部位。4、商代青铜器一般以回纹作为地纹。5、汉代漆器的胎主要有木胎、竹胎和夹纻等种类。6、宋代名窑——钧窑的青瓷器，打破了一色釉的单调，呈现出对比妍丽的色斑变化。这种色斑变化被称为窑变7、哥特式建筑设计的杰出代表是法国巴黎圣母院和德国科隆大教堂8、元代陶艺形成的最主要品种是青花和釉里红9、汉代瓦当装饰纹样的四神纹样包括青龙、白虎、朱雀、玄武10、混凝土拱券技术是罗马建筑最大的特色。11、西班牙新艺术运动的代表人物安东尼?高迪12、宋代的景德镇窑以烧制富有特色的影青器为著称。13、充分反映了秦代陶塑工艺美术的卓越技艺的是陕西临潼发掘的秦始皇兵马俑14、明式家具的艺术特色简、厚、精、雅15古代的透光镜制作于西汉时期16宋代名窑——哥窑的主要特征是釉面有裂纹，即开片17、贝伦斯开创了现代公司识别计划的先河。18、样式雷是清代主持皇家建筑设计雷姓建筑世家的誉称。19、清代丝织的著名品种有南京云锦、苏州的宋式锦、四川的蜀锦20、宋代漆器工艺的最高成就是金漆和雕漆21、中国艺术美术学的开端始于魏晋南北朝时期22、唐墓规模最大的是昭陵和乾陵23、青铜器第一个高峰期的特点是崇高肃穆、雄厚凝重、富丽繁缛名词解释:1、金银错或称错金银，是在铜器上用金银或金银片镶嵌成各种图案花纹，用错石再磨错平滑。金银错是春秋战国时期青铜工艺装饰的一种创造。2、画像石画像石是雕刻着不同画面，用于构筑墓室、石棺、墓前祠堂和石阙的建筑石材;萌芽于西汉武帝时期，主要分布在山东、河南、江苏、陕西、山西、四川地区。3、唐三彩是指一种低温铅釉陶。因为它经常采用黄、绿、褐等色釉，在器皿上构成花朵，斑点或几何纹等各种色彩斑斓的色釉装饰，唐三彩的制品分为器皿，人物，动物三类。一般作明器用，也作生活器皿。4、新古典主义风格新古典主义风格:又称帝制政式风格，是18世纪50年代至19世纪初风靡西欧的艺术文化样式。新古典主义力求恢复古典美术的传统，强烈追求古典式的宁静凝重和考古式的精确，受理性主义美学的支持，大量采用古代题材。与衰落的巴洛克、洛可可风格相对，它代表着一股借复古以开今的潮流，并标志着一种新的美学观念。5、巴洛克风格Atpresent,wewouldliketotaketheopportunityofmaintainingpartymember'sprogressivenesseducationactivity,tostrengthenandimprovetheOfficeitself.First,tostrengthenideologicalbuilding,forgebasicquality.Ideologyconstructionistheimportantcontentoftheconstructionofthecontingentofcadres.Governmentofficesatalllevelstoputideologicalconstructioninconstructionfromstarttofinishtopoftheefforttoforgeapoliticalreliability,faith,qualityexcellentcadres.Tostrengthenthesenseofpolitical.FortheOffice,istoinsistonresponsibilityandconsistencyunder,firmlyimplementthePartyCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncil'spoliciesanddecisionsindicatesthatpremise,"twoguarantees".IstoensurethatthemunicipalpartyCommitteeandtheimplementationofthedecisionsandarrangementsofthemunicipalgovernment.MunicipalGovernmentmademajorpolicydecisions,wemustunswervinglycarryout,inspectiontellsusthisisnotapoliticalproblem,atthispoint,everyonemustunequivocally.Second,ensurethattheviewsanduninterrupted.Topreventandcorrect"below,abovedifficulttohearcallsfor"obstructionof,reallyknowwhatgrass-rootsdo,whatarepeoplethinking,toprovidegovernmentleaderswithtimely,accurate,andreliableinformationfordecision-making.Tostrengthentheoverallsituation.Atpresent,developmentistheoverallsituationoftheworkofthecity,anyorganization,anysector,anypersoncandeviatefromthisCentre.TheCounty(district),theOfficeshouldfocusonthebigpicture,fromtheirworkPractical,departments,functions,characteristics,andfinditslocation,clearfocusanddirectionofthework,enhanceworkinitiative,highlightstheimportantroleoftheOfficeintheserving,integratedservicesplayintheoverallcoordinationfunction,embodytheworklevel.Tostrengthentheconsciousnessoflifelonglearning.Tostrengtheninglearning,timely"charging",putstrengtheningpoliticaleandflexibility,andstrivetoachieveboththeoverallsituation,carefulandthoughtfulandmethodical,graspasenseofpropriety.Secondly,weshouldfurtherimprovethemeeting.MakegreateffortstostreamlineConferenceundertransactionalactivitiesandleaders,soleaderscanfreeupmoretimetocatchevents,aboutevents.Onthesubjectofwell-chosen,checkthematerialcarefullyfortheConference,thewholeprocessoftheConferenceservices,standardizationofwork.Third,weshouldfurtherimprovethelogisticsservice.CarefullyimplementPremierWenJiabao"management,security,service,clean,efficient,consistent,become"directives,accordingtodeepenreform,strengthenmanagementandservetheoverallinterests,teamcohesion,improveservice,increaseefficiencygoals,toscientificmanagementandsocialservicesasdirection,intensifyadministrativereform,andgraduallyestablishahighlyefficient,well-coordinatedandstandardizedlogisticsmanagementsystem.Effortstoreduceadministrativecosts,strengthenthemanagementoffunds,assets,andstandardposition-relatedconsumption,perfectreceptionsystemfororgansandprovidespowerfulprotectionandqualityoflifeforworkersandstaffservices.Third,strengtheningquality,top-notch,imageandstrengthenthesystemofGovernmentOfficeconstructionisnotonlyahubfortheworkoftheOffice,istheimage"window".IfyourOfficework,poorimage,notonlyaffectstheSectorasawhole,butwillalsoaffecttheoverallimageoftheGovernmentemployment,business,money"asthecore,conscientiouslythepublicofimportantmattersandhuman,financial,material,notOffdeepeningpubliccontent.Tobuildalong-termmechanismofopenGovernmenttoensureopengovernmentinstitutionalization,standardizationandregularization.AccordingtothearrangementsoftheMunicipalGovernmentthisyeartofullimplementationoffirstaskingdutysysteminthecityandahandlesystem,12pilotdepartmentsoftheMunicipalGovernmenttodetermine,inaccordancewiththepilotscheme,seriouslyimplementExchangeinearlyApril;theCounty(district)andthepilotdepartmentsshouldformulateassoonaspossiblepracticalimplementationoftheprogram,atboththecityandcountylevelinfullswinginthefirsthalf.8,solidandmeticulous,improvedefficiency,dailyGovernmentAffairsServices.Coordination,meetings,logistics,hospitality,dailyroutinework,largewidth,notfinely,whichdonotputinplace,willaffecttheproperfunctioningoftheglobalworkoftheGovernment.Therefore,theOfficewill,dohavetobecarefulandmeticulous,carefulplanning,sure.Oneistofurtherimprovetheintegratedcoordination.Focusoncoordinatingrelationsbetweenpartycommitteesandadministrativedepartments,coordinatingeveryaspectofleftandright,upanddown.Eachideabeforework,integrated,organizedandbusybutorderly;coordinationprocesstoscientificmethod,payattentiontotheglobal,organicunityprinciplapplicationreliability,avoidblindconstruction.Tospeedupthenetworkintegration,informationintegration,networkinterconnection,sharingofinformationresources.Thisyear,County(district)GovernmentOfficeservicesnetworktoachievebroadbandconnectivitywiththeGovernmentOfficenetwork;hasnotbeenconnectedtotheOfficenetworkwiththecitymunicipalgovernmentdepartments,networkingreadyto,toaccessgovernmentofficenetworkbeforetheendofApril.Applicationofinformationtechnologyshouldbeplacedinaprominentposition,strengtheningtheinformationtechnologytrainingforadministrativestaff,expeditetheimplementationofelectronicdocumentprocessing,theleadintheuseofcomputerdrafting,approval,issuanceofofficialdocuments,assoonaspossibletopromotepaperlessandonlinetransmissionofofficialdocuments,improvingtheapplicationlevelofthecompletedsystem.Todevelopandimprovesecuritymeasures,establishandperfectrulesandregulations,implementationoftheaccountabilitysystem,enhanceGovernmentWebsitesmaintenanceandnetworksecuritymanagement.Toincreasetheintensityofwork,completedthe2005taskstatementofsystemofGovernmentAdministrationinformatizationconstructioninthecity.7,results-oriented,results,furtherdeepeningtheopengovernment.Thisyear,nationalandprovincialpublicaffairsworkonanumberofnewrequirements,thecityalsohasthefurtherdevelopmentofopendefinedspecifictasks.SystemofgovernmentofficesaretheCounty(district)andsectoralpublicaffairsfocalpointsoftheworkof,mustcomefromthetransformationofgovernmentfunctionsandoptimizingthedevelopmentenvironment,settheheightoftheimageoftheGovernment,effectivepublicaffairsworkinhand,grabbedasuccess.ToopenGovernmenttotheGovernmentsectoragencies,unitsandverticalmanagementunitsdevelopmentextendstoadvanceonvillageaffairs,andstrivetoachievefullcoveragewithoutgaps.Toadheretothe"righttostrengtheningtheworkoflettersandcalls.Payattentiontotheworkingmethods,toappealtothemassestopatientlylistentoreflectandappeal,proactiveinexplainingandunderstandinghastyblind,simpleandcrude,toinflamethesituation.Rationalaskedforthemasses...Andtheapproachofthegroupspetitioningthenorms,the"territorialmanagement,hierarchicalaccountability"principle,competentleadershipforthefirsttimetorushtothescene,coordinatedinatimelymanner,payspecialattentiontourgeimplementation,weakmediationcannotbecalledtoaccountability.TheCounty(district),theOfficeoftheDepartmenttoimprovethesystemofcomplaintlettersandcallsreception,determinedpersonincharge,tostrengthenorganizationandleadershipoftheworkoflettersandcalls,anddoitsutmosttoresolvetheproblematthegrass-roots,inparticular,todowellinBeijingonpetitionersofquanfan,leadwork.Tostrengthencommunication,tostraw,tendencyandmajorissuesconcerningsocialstability,toreportthefirsttimemunicipalgovernment.6,basedonapplications,standardizedmanagement,andsteadilypromotingtheconstructionofe-Government.Toadheretothe"demand-oriented,topromotedevelopment,planning,collaborativeconstruction,resourcesharing,securityandconfidentiality"constructionprinciples,continuetobuildandimprovethe"threenetworksandastock"hubofGovernmentinformationsystemframeworkandapplication,integratednetworkplatformandbuildingaunifiede-governmentinformationresourcesinthecity,activelypromotingtheconstructionofe-Governmentinapragmaticway.Inconstruction,itisnecessarytoinvesttoensureconstructionandcombinetechnologyand巴洛克风格是17世纪广为流传的一种艺术风格，又称路易十四风格。关于巴洛克词汇的含义有两种说法:一说是来自葡萄牙语或西班牙语，意思是不圆的珠子;又一说它来自意大利语，有奇特、古怪或推论上错误的含义。巴洛克艺术风格强调作品的空间感、立体感和艺术形式的综合手段，吸收了文学、戏剧、音乐等领域里的一些因素和想象，是一种激情的艺术，打破理性的宁静与和谐，具有浓郁的浪漫主义色彩，非常强调运动与变化。这种设计风格集中体现于天主教的教堂上，并影响到了家具和室内设计。5、“彩陶”，是指一种绘有黑色、红色装饰花纹的红棕色或棕黄色陶器。6、青花是元代以来，陶艺形成的主要品种。元出现，明永乐宣时期达到高峰。是在白色瓷器上会有青色花纹的一种瓷器。7、工艺美术运动:工艺美术运动对于设计改革的贡献是重要的，它首先提出了“美与技术结合”的原则，主张美术家从事设计，反对“纯艺术”。另外，工艺美术运动的设计强调“师承自然”、忠实于材料和适应使用目的，从而创造出了一些朴素而适用的作品。但工艺美术运动也有其先天的局限，它将手工艺推向了工业化的对立面，这无疑是违背历史发展潮流的，由此使英国设计走了弯路。8、博山炉博山炉又叫博山香炉、博山香薰、博山熏炉等名，是中国汉、晋时期常见的焚香所用的器具。常见的为青铜器和陶瓷器。炉体呈青铜器中的豆形，上有盖，盖高而尖，镂空，呈山形，山形重叠，其间雕有飞禽走兽，象征传说中的海上仙山——博山而得名。9、长信宫灯长信宫灯设计为一个坐着的宫女全神贯注地双手执一盏灯在为主人照明，以铜制作而成，外表通体鎏金。据考证该灯大约制作于公元铅173年至159年之间，至今已有两千多年的历史，但仍金光灿烂，反映了当年高超的工艺技术水平。长信宫灯是汉代出土同类灯中唯一的人形灯具，其宫女形象生动，面带稚气，头梳发髻，发上覆巾帼，衣纹线条表现出她优美的体态，表情刻画栩栩如生。此灯设计精巧，全灯由头部、身躯、右臂、灯座、灯盘、灯罩等六个部件拼合而成，灯座、灯盘、灯罩可随时拆卸重新安装。功能的设计于造型设计兼顾，灯的烟道从宫女的手臂通向人体内部，烟尘顺烟道自然沉积，可减轻污染。除实用价值外，其整体造型独具特色，可作为室内陈设品。10、青铜青铜是世界冶金铸造史上最早的合金。红铜加入锡、铅，成为一种新的合金，这种合金历经几千年的化学反应，其表面出现一层青灰色的锈，所以今人谓之“青铜”，而中国古人则将这种合金称之为“金”，文献中所讲“赐金”、“受金”多少，即指青铜。11、文艺复兴文艺复兴:文艺复兴的中心思想是“人文主义”，主张文学艺术表现人的思想和感情，科学为人生谋福利，提倡个性自由，以反对中世纪的宗教桎梏。文艺复兴运动促进了普遍的文化高涨，设计也随之进入了一个崭新的阶段，众星灿烂，繁花如锦。其影响所及值达20世纪。简答1、简述宋代五大名窑及特点五大名窑:定窑、汝窑、官窑、哥窑和弟窑、钧窑。特点:?定窑:河北，白瓷胎质坚细，釉色乳白，装饰多用印花。由于盘碗胎薄易变形，故采用覆烧，从而器口往往无釉，所谓“定器有芒”，故多加镶铜或金银口，所镶铜或金银口配合优质白瓷器体，宛若金日锁云、虹影凌虚，另添一份韵致;?汝窑:河南临汝县境内，青瓷多为御制，特色为天青釉;?官窑:官窑青瓷，釉色清雅含蓄，以粉青为代表，具“紫口铁足”，有天然冰裂纹;?哥窑和弟窑:哥窑有开片，利用釉和胎的收缩率不同，在冷却时形成的裂纹之天然天工，设计出鱼子纹、蟹爪纹、百圾碎等开片，利用含铁的胎产生裂纹时Atpresent,wewouldliketotaketheopportunityofmaintainingpartymember'sprogressivenesseducationactivity,tostrengthenandimprovetheOfficeitself.First,tostrengthenideologicalbuilding,forgebasicquality.Ideologyconstructionistheimportantcontentoftheconstructionofthecontingentofcadres.Governmentofficesatalllevelstoputideologicalconstructioninconstructionfromstarttofinishtopoftheefforttoforgeapoliticalreliability,faith,qualityexcellentcadres.Tostrengthenthesenseofpolitical.FortheOffice,istoinsistonresponsibilityandconsistencyunder,firmlyimplementthePartyCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncil'spoliciesanddecisionsindicatesthatpremise,"twoguarantees".IstoensurethatthemunicipalpartyCommitteeandtheimplementationofthedecisionsandarrangementsofthemunicipalgovernment.MunicipalGovernmentmademajorpolicydecisions,wemustunswervinglycarryout,inspectiontellsusthisisnotapoliticalproblem,atthispoint,everyonemustunequivocally.Second,ensurethattheviewsanduninterrupted.Topreventandcorrect"below,abovedifficulttohearcallsfor"obstructionof,reallyknowwhatgrass-rootsdo,whatarepeoplethinking,toprovidegovernmentleaderswithtimely,accurate,andreliableinformationfordecision-making.Tostrengthentheoverallsituation.Atpresent,developmentistheoverallsituationoftheworkofthecity,anyorganization,anysector,anypersoncandeviatefromthisCentre.TheCounty(district),theOfficeshouldfocusonthebigpicture,fromtheirworkPractical,departments,functions,characteristics,andfinditslocation,clearfocusanddirectionofthework,enhanceworkinitiative,highlightstheimportantroleoftheOfficeintheserving,integratedservicesplayintheoverallcoordinationfunction,embodytheworklevel.Tostrengthentheconsciousnessoflifelonglearning.Tostrengtheninglearning,timely"charging",putstrengtheningpoliticaleandflexibility,andstrivetoachieveboththeoverallsituation,carefulandthoughtfulandmethodical,graspasenseofpropriety.Secondly,weshouldfurtherimprovethemeeting.MakegreateffortstostreamlineConferenceundertransactionalactivitiesandleaders,soleaderscanfreeupmoretimetocatchevents,aboutevents.Onthesubjectofwell-chosen,checkthematerialcarefullyfortheConference,thewholeprocessoftheConferenceservices,standardizationofwork.Third,weshouldfurtherimprovethelogisticsservice.CarefullyimplementPremierWenJiabao"management,security,service,clean,efficient,consistent,become"directives,accordingtodeepenreform,strengthenmanagementandservetheoverallinterests,teamcohesion,improveservice,increaseefficiencygoals,toscientificmanagementandsocialservicesasdirection,intensifyadministrativereform,andgraduallyestablishahighlyefficient,well-coordinatedandstandardizedlogisticsmanagementsystem.Effortstoreduceadministrativecosts,strengthenthemanagementoffunds,assets,andstandardposition-relatedconsumption,perfectreceptionsystemfororgansandprovidespowerfulprotectionandqualityoflifeforworkersandstaffservices.Third,strengtheningquality,top-notch,imageandstrengthenthesystemofGovernmentOfficeconstructionisnotonlyahubfortheworkoftheOffice,istheimage"window".IfyourOfficework,poorimage,notonlyaffectstheSectorasawhole,butwillalsoaffecttheoverallimageoftheGovernmentemployment,business,money"asthecore,conscientiouslythepublicofimportantmattersandhuman,financial,material,notOffdeepeningpubliccontent.Tobuildalong-termmechanismofopenGovernmenttoensureopengovernmentinstitutionalization,standardizationandregularization.AccordingtothearrangementsoftheMunicipalGovernmentthisyeartofullimplementationoffirstaskingdutysysteminthecityandahandlesystem,12pilotdepartmentsoftheMunicipalGovernmenttodetermine,inaccordancewiththepilotscheme,seriouslyimplementExchangeinearlyApril;theCounty(district)andthepilotdepartmentsshouldformulateassoonaspossiblepracticalimplementationoftheprogram,atboththecityandcountylevelinfullswinginthefirsthalf.8,solidandmeticulous,improvedefficiency,dailyGovernmentAffairsServices.Coordination,meetings,logistics,hospitality,dailyroutinework,largewidth,notfinely,whichdonotputinplace,willaffecttheproperfunctioningoftheglobalworkoftheGovernment.Therefore,theOfficewill,dohavetobecarefulandmeticulous,carefulplanning,sure.Oneistofurtherimprovetheintegratedcoordination.Focusoncoordinatingrelationsbetweenpartycommitteesandadministrativedepartments,coordinatingeveryaspectofleftandright,upanddown.Eachideabeforework,integrated,organizedandbusybutorderly;coordinationprocesstoscientificmethod,payattentiontotheglobal,organicunityprinciplapplicationreliability,avoidblindconstruction.Tospeedupthenetworkintegration,informationintegration,networkinterconnection,sharingofinformationresources.Thisyear,County(district)GovernmentOfficeservicesnetworktoachievebroadbandconnectivitywiththeGovernmentOfficenetwork;hasnotbeenconnectedtotheOfficenetworkwiththecitymunicipalgovernmentdepartments,networkingreadyto,toaccessgovernmentofficenetworkbeforetheendofApril.Applicationofinformationtechnologyshouldbeplacedinaprominentposition,strengtheningtheinformationtechnologytrainingforadministrativestaff,expeditetheimplementationofelectronicdocumentprocessing,theleadintheuseofcomputerdrafting,approval,issuanceofofficialdocuments,assoonaspossibletopromotepaperlessandonlinetransmissionofofficialdocuments,improvingtheapplicationlevelofthecompletedsystem.Todevelopandimprovesecuritymeasures,establishandperfectrulesandregulations,implementationoftheaccountabilitysystem,enhanceGovernmentWebsitesmaintenanceandnetworksecuritymanagement.Toincreasetheintensityofwork,completedthe2005taskstatementofsystemofGovernmentAdministrationinformatizationconstructioninthecity.7,results-oriented,results,furtherdeepeningtheopengovernment.Thisyear,nationalandprovincialpublicaffairsworkonanumberofnewrequirements,thecityalsohasthefurtherdevelopmentofopendefinedspecifictasks.SystemofgovernmentofficesaretheCounty(district)andsectoralpublicaffairsfocalpointsoftheworkof,mustcomefromthetransformationofgovernmentfunctionsandoptimizingthedevelopmentenvironment,settheheightoftheimageoftheGovernment,effectivepublicaffairsworkinhand,grabbedasuccess.ToopenGovernmenttotheGovernmentsectoragencies,unitsandverticalmanagementunitsdevelopmentextendstoadvanceonvillageaffairs,andstrivetoachievefullcoveragewithoutgaps.Toadheretothe"righttostrengtheningtheworkoflettersandcalls.Payattentiontotheworkingmethods,toappealtothemassestopatientlylistentoreflectandappeal,proactiveinexplainingandunderstandinghastyblind,simpleandcrude,toinflamethesituation.Rationalaskedforthemasses...Andtheapproachofthegroupspetitioningthenorms,the"territorialmanagement,hierarchicalaccountability"principle,competentleadershipforthefirsttimetorushtothescene,coordinatedinatimelymanner,payspecialattentiontourgeimplementation,weakmediationcannotbecalledtoaccountability.TheCounty(district),theOfficeoftheDepartmenttoimprovethesystemofcomplaintlettersandcallsreception,determinedpersonincharge,tostrengthenorganizationandleadershipoftheworkoflettersandcalls,anddoitsutmosttoresolvetheproblematthegrass-roots,inparticular,todowellinBeijingonpetitionersofquanfan,leadwork.Tostrengthencommunication,tostraw,tendencyandmajorissuesconcerningsocialstability,toreportthefirsttimemunicipalgovernment.6,basedonapplications,standardizedmanagement,andsteadilypromotingtheconstructionofe-Government.Toadheretothe"demand-oriented,topromotedevelopment,planning,collaborativeconstruction,resourcesharing,securityandconfidentiality"constructionprinciples,continuetobuildandimprovethe"threenetworksandastock"hubofGovernmentinformationsystemframeworkandapplication,integratednetworkplatformandbuildingaunifiede-governmentinformationresourcesinthecity,activelypromotingtheconstructionofe-Governmentinapragmaticway.Inconstruction,itisnecessarytoinvesttoensureconstructionandcombinetechnologyand呈现不同的色彩，美者有如“金丝铁线”。弟窑无纹，有粉青、梅子青;?钧窑:同样利用和控制窑变，形成窑变效果，以青釉和氧化铜之复合釉为着色剂，乳浊釉色酥松渐变。2、简述明式家具的艺术风格分类:椅凳类、几案类、橱柜类、床榻类、台架类、屏座类特色:1、注意木材的质地，多采用硬质的树种，通称硬木家具。2、材的色泽和纹理，不加油漆。3、注意家具的造型，采用木架的结构。边框多用卷口，以表现曲线的变化。多用榫，少用钉或胶。发展原因:1、园林建筑的兴起。2、木材的丰富3、木工的3、简述分析威廉•莫里斯及其主张主张:?强调手工艺，反对机械化生产;?在装饰上反对维多利亚风格和其他古典的复兴风格;?提倡哥特风格，追求简单、朴实和良好的功能;?主张设计上的诚实，尊重自然材料，反对哗众取宠，华而不实;?装饰上推崇自然主义、东方装饰和艺术。4、原始社会马家窑文化彩陶的主要特点地点:主要分布在甘肃、青海部分地区器型:小口的壶、罐、杯、豆、勺、盆、钵、碗纹饰:点和螺旋纹点的运用称为这个时期装饰的特点，在点的外面饰以螺旋纹，有动的感觉。因此马家窑的彩陶艺术风格可以用旋动流畅来形容。艺术风格:内容丰富、布局丰满满:从器型口沿到接近底部，几乎饰满花纹，显得多而满。内彩:内壁绘彩色是马家窑彩陶一种流行方法也有内外都加彩的。5、简述新艺术运动与工艺美术运动异同点共同点:都表达了对维多利亚风格的反对和对工业化风格的强烈反应，采用自然的装饰动机。不同点:工艺美术运动比较重视哥特风格;新艺术运动则放弃传统装饰风格，完全走向自然，强调自然中不存在直线，没有完全的平面，表现为曲线和有机形。6、简述风格派的设计主张主张:“风格派”有一个共同的出发点，即绝对抽象的原则，也就是说艺术应完全消除与任何自然物体的联系，而用基本几何形象的组合和构图来体现整个宇宙的法则与和谐。这种对于和谐的追求式风格派恒定的目标。“风格派”从一开始就追求艺术的“抽象”和“简化”。它反对个性，排除一切表现成份而致力探索一种人类共通的纯精神性表达，即纯粹抽象。艺术家们共同关心的问题是:简化物象直至本身的艺术元素。因而，平面、直线、矩形成为一书中的支柱，色彩亦减至红、黄、蓝三原色及黑、白、灰三非色。艺术以足够的明确秩序和简洁建立起精确、严格且自足完善的几何风格。7、简述高迪的各时期建筑风格西班牙的新艺术风格被称为年轻风格，以安东尼?高迪独具风格的建筑为代表。高迪把起伏波动的新艺术曲线用在建筑的外墙上，使建筑呈现前所未有的软雕塑特点。一般认为高迪的建筑风格可以分为三个阶段:第一阶段称为摩尔风格阶段。这个时期的建筑大部分都有强烈的阿拉伯摩尔风格特点，此时期的建筑风格并不是单纯复古，而是通过了折衷处理，在细节上可以看到有机风格的特征。第二阶段的大部分作品带有明显的哥特风格，代表作品有圣德瑞沙修道院。高迪对哥特风格的飞肋结构非常感兴趣，在阿斯托加的教主宫中得以体现。第Atpresent,wewouldliketotaketheopportunityofmaintainingpartymember'sprogressivenesseducationactivity,tostrengthenandimprovetheOfficeitself.First,tostrengthenideologicalbuilding,forgebasicquality.Ideologyconstructionistheimportantcontentoftheconstructionofthecontingentofcadres.Governmentofficesatalllevelstoputideologicalconstructioninconstructionfromstarttofinishtopoftheefforttoforgeapoliticalreliability,faith,qualityexcellentcadres.Tostrengthenthesenseofpolitical.FortheOffice,istoinsistonresponsibilityandconsistencyunder,firmlyimplementthePartyCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncil'spoliciesanddecisionsindicatesthatpremise,"twoguarantees".IstoensurethatthemunicipalpartyCommitteeandtheimplementationofthedecisionsandarrangementsofthemunicipalgovernment.MunicipalGovernmentmademajorpolicydecisions,wemustunswervinglycarryout,inspectiontellsusthisisnotapoliticalproblem,atthispoint,everyonemustunequivocally.Second,ensurethattheviewsanduninterrupted.Topreventandcorrect"below,abovedifficulttohearcallsfor"obstructionof,reallyknowwhatgrass-rootsdo,whatarepeoplethinking,toprovidegovernmentleaderswithtimely,accurate,andreliableinformationfordecision-making.Tostrengthentheoverallsituation.Atpresent,developmentistheoverallsituationoftheworkofthecity,anyorganization,anysector,anypersoncandeviatefromthisCentre.TheCounty(district),theOfficeshouldfocusonthebigpicture,fromtheirworkPractical,departments,functions,characteristics,andfinditslocation,clearfocusanddirectionofthework,enhanceworkinitiative,highlightstheimportantroleoftheOfficeintheserving,integratedservicesplayintheoverallcoordinationfunction,embodytheworklevel.Tostrengthentheconsciousnessoflifelonglearning.Tostrengtheninglearning,timely"charging",putstrengtheningpoliticaleandflexibility,andstrivetoachieveboththeoverallsituation,carefulandthoughtfulandmethodical,graspasenseofpropriety.Secondly,weshouldfurtherimprovethemeeting.MakegreateffortstostreamlineConferenceundertransactionalactivitiesandleaders,soleaderscanfreeupmoretimetocatchevents,aboutevents.Onthesubjectofwell-chosen,checkthematerialcarefullyfortheConference,thewholeprocessoftheConferenceservices,standardizationofwork.Third,weshouldfurtherimprovethelogisticsservice.CarefullyimplementPremierWenJiabao"management,security,service,clean,efficient,consistent,become"directives,accordingtodeepenreform,strengthenmanagementandservetheoverallinterests,teamcohesion,improveservice,increaseefficiencygoals,toscientificmanagementandsocialservicesasdirection,intensifyadministrativereform,andgraduallyestablishahighlyefficient,well-coordinatedandstandardizedlogisticsmanagementsystem.Effortstoreduceadministrativecosts,strengthenthemanagementoffunds,assets,andstandardposition-relatedconsumption,perfectreceptionsystemfororgansandprovidespowerfulprotectionandqualityoflifeforworkersandstaffservices.Third,strengtheningquality,top-notch,imageandstrengthenthesystemofGovernmentOfficeconstructionisnotonlyahubfortheworkoftheOffice,istheimage"window".IfyourOfficework,poorimage,notonlyaffectstheSectorasawhole,butwillalsoaffecttheoverallimageoftheGovernmentemployment,business,money"asthecore,conscientiouslythepublicofimportantmattersandhuman,financial,material,notOffdeepeningpubliccontent.Tobuildalong-termmechanismofopenGovernmenttoensureopengovernmentinstitutionalization,standardizationandregularization.AccordingtothearrangementsoftheMunicipalGovernmentthisyeartofullimplementationoffirstaskingdutysysteminthecityandahandlesystem,12pilotdepartmentsoftheMunicipalGovernmenttodetermine,inaccordancewiththepilotscheme,seriouslyimplementExchangeinearlyApril;theCounty(district)andthepilotdepartmentsshouldformulateassoonaspossiblepracticalimplementationoftheprogram,atboththecityandcountylevelinfullswinginthefirsthalf.8,solidandmeticulous,improvedefficiency,dailyGovernmentAffairsServices.Coordination,meetings,logistics,hospitality,dailyroutinework,largewidth,notfinely,whichdonotputinplace,willaffecttheproperfunctioningoftheglobalworkoftheGovernment.Therefore,theOfficewill,dohavetobecarefulandmeticulous,carefulplanning,sure.Oneistofurtherimprovetheintegratedcoordination.Focusoncoordinatingrelationsbetweenpartycommitteesandadministrativedepartments,coordinatingeveryaspectofleftandright,upanddown.Eachideabeforework,integrated,organizedandbusybutorderly;coordinationprocesstoscientificmethod,payattentiontotheglobal,organicunityprinciplapplicationreliability,avoidblindconstruction.Tospeedupthenetworkintegration,informationintegration,networkinterconnection,sharingofinformationresources.Thisyear,County(district)GovernmentOfficeservicesnetworktoachievebroadbandconnectivitywiththeGovernmentOfficenetwork;hasnotbeenconnectedtotheOfficenetworkwiththecitymunicipalgo