化合物英文命名课件

Courseware

on

EnglishNaming

of

Compounds•

Introduction

to

English

Naming

Rules

forCompounds目录•

Basic

principles

for

naming

compounds

inEnglish•

Example

Analysis

of

English

Naming

ofCompounds•

Common

Questions

and

Answers

to

EnglishNaming

of

Compounds•

Practice

and

Consolidation

of

EnglishNaming

of

CompoundsIntroductiontoEnglishNaming

Rules

forCompoundsRule

OverviewRule

1Rule

2Rule

3UsethelongestnamethatisconsistentwiththesuffixesusedinthelanguageIftwoormorenamesareequallylong,thepreferrednameisthatwhichendsinthemorerestrictedsuffixIftwoormorenamesendinthesamesuffix,thepreferrednameisthatwhichisformedfromthemorerestrictedstemThe

Importance

of

RulesImproving

communication01Standardizednamingruleshelptoensurethatscientifictermsareconsistentlyused,facilitatingclearcommunicationbetweenresearchersandotherprofessionalsEnhancing

reproducibility02Followingnamingrulesguaranteesthatexperimentsandstudiesarereproducible,asotherswillunderstandandbeabletoreplicatethecompoundnamesusedFacilities

literature

searches03ConsistentuseofcompoundnamesinscientificliteraturemakesiteasiertosearchandretrieverelevantinformationThe

History

and

Development

of

RulesThe

History

and

Development

of

Rules1993TheIUPACGreenBook,whichprovidedguidelinesfornaminginorganicsubmarines,waspublishedCurrent

statusCurrently,IUPACisthepreparatoryorganizationfordevelopingandmaintainingnamingstandardsforinorganicandorganiccompounds,withregularupdatesandrevisionstoitsrecommendationspublishedintheBlueBookandGreenBook,respectivelyBasicprinciplesfornaming02

compoundsinEnglishNaming

of

subscribersAlkyl

substituentsAlkylsubstituentsarenamedaccordingtothelongestcarbonchainpresentandthenumberandpositionofthecarbonatomsbearingthesubstituentgroupsAryl

substituentsArylsubstituentsarenamedbyindicatingtheringsystemandthepositionofthesubstituentgroupsHaloalkyl

substituentsHaloalkylsubstituentsarenamedbyindicatingthealkylgroupandthehalogenatomspresentNaming

of

carbon

chainsLong

carbon

chainsLongcarbonchainsarenamedbyindicatingthenumberofcarbonatomsandthepositionoffunctionalgroupsCyclic

carbon

chainsCycliccarbonchainsarenamedbyindicatingthenumberofcarbonatomsandthetypeofringsystemNaming

of

functional

groupsCarbon

acid

groupsCarbonacidgroupsarenamedbyindicatingthecarbonchainandthepositionofthecarbonacidgroupAmine

groupsAminegroupsarenamedbyindicatingthecarbonchainandthepositionoftheaminegroupNaming

of

Special

CompoundsHeterocyclic

compoundsHeterocycliccompoundsarenamedbyindicatingtheringsystemandthetypeofheteroatompresentMetal

complexesMetalcomplexesarenamedbyindicatingthemetalionandligandspresentExampleAnalysisofEnglishNamingofCompoundsNaming

of

hydrocarbonsNaming

of

AlcoholsThenamingofalcoholsinEnglishfollowsasetofrulesthatindicatethepresenceofanalcoholgroup(-OH)andthetypeofhydrocarbonitisattachedtoThealcoholgroupisindicatedby"-alcohol"or"-ol"attheendofthenameThehydrocarbonpartisnamedaccordingtothehydrocarbonNamingrulesForexample,ethanol(C2H5OH)isnamedas"ethylalcohol"becauseithasanalcoholgroupattachedtoanethylhydrocarbonchainNaming

of

AcidsThenamingofacidsinEnglishfollowsasetofrulesthatindicatethetypeofhydrocarbongroupattachedtothecarboxylicacidgroup(-COOH)Thecarboxylicacidgroupisindicatedby"-icacid"attheendofthenameThehydrocarbonpartisnamedaccordingtothehydrocarbonNamingrulesForexample,aestheticacid(CH3COOH)isnamedas"ethicalcarbonacid"becauseithasacarboxylicacidgroupattachedtoanethicalhydrogenchainNaming

of

EstersThenamingofestersinEnglishfollowsasetofrulesthatindicatesthepresenceofanestergroup(-COO-)andthetypeofhydrocarbonitisattachedtoTheestergroupisindicatedby"-ate"attheendofthenameThehydrocarbonpartisnamedaccordingtothehydrocarbonNamingrulesForexample,ethylacetate(C2H5COOCH3)isnamedas"ethylacetate"becauseithasanestergroupattachedtoanethylhydrocarbonchainTheothergroupisindicatedby"-other"attheendofthenameTheCommonQuestionsandAnswerstoEnglishNamingofCompoundsHow

to

determine

the

order

of

subscribers?PositionElectrical

activitySubjectsclosertotheattachmentpointaregivenhigherprioritySubjectswithhigherelectricalactivityaregivenhigherpriorityNumber

of

CarsAlphabetical

OrderSubstitutionswithmorecarbonatomsaregivenhigherpriorityIfallotherfactorsareequal,thesubstituentsarenamedalphabeticallyHow

to

write

the

carbon

chain

correctly?Chain

LengthDouble

BondsEnsurethecarbonchainisasshortaspossiblewhilestillrepresentingthecompoundaccuratelyIfadoublebondispresent,itshouldbeplacedattheendofthecarbonchainFunctional

GroupsCyclic

CompoundsIfafunctionalgroupispresent,itshouldbeplacedattheendofthecarbonchainCycliccompoundsshouldberepresentedbytheirparentringwithsubstituentsattachedHow

to

correctly

write

functional

groups?IUPAC

RulesUsetheIUPACrulesfornamingfunctionalgroups,ensuringthatPositionthecorrectprefixandsuffixareusedSpecifythepositionofthefunctionalgrouponthecarbonchain,usingthelowestpossiblenumberAlphabetical

OrderIfmultiplefunctionalgroupsarepresent,theyshouldbenamedalphabeticallyCommon

NamesIfafunctionalgrouphasacommonnamethatiswidelyrecognized,itcanbeusedinsteadoftheIUPACnameHow

to

handle

the

naming

of

special

compounds?Metallic

CompoundsPolyatomic

IonsMetalliccompoundsshouldbenamedaccordingtotheirmetallicelementfollowedbyanyligandsorattachmentsPolyatomicionsshouldbenamedaccordingtotheirchargeandcomposition,withRomannumbersusedtoindicatechargesRadicalsBonding

patternsRadicalsshouldbenamedusingtheappropriateprefix(e.g.,"mono-"or"di-")andsuffix(-yl,-yne,-yne)Specialattentionshouldbepaidtobondingpatternswhennamingcompoundswithunusualbondingpatterns(e.g.,hypervalentcompounds)PracticeandConsolidationofEnglishNamingofCompounds•

Purpose:Throughmultiple-choicequestions,studentsareaskedtochoosethecorrectnamefromtheMultiple

choice

exercises•

Example:Whichofthefollowingcompoundsisnamedcorrectly?Multiple

choice

exercises1.Ethylformate2.Methylacetate3.PropylformateMultiple

choice

exercises4.Methylpropionate5.EthylacetateFill

in

the

blank

exercises•

Purpose:Throughfillintheblankqu