定语从句讲解改进版完整版

何为定语从句？用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。

ThebookwhichIamreadingiswrittenby TomasHardy.定语从句先行词第一页，共二十一页。如何写定语从句？以定语从句的形式合并这两句：①Thefactoryliesinthewestofthecity.②Hisfatherworksthere(inthefactory).①Thefactoryliesinthewestofthecity②Hisfatherworksinthefactory.which(that)liesinthewestofthecitywhere(inwhich)hisfatherworks第二页，共二十一页。以定语从句的形式合并这两句：①Theyrushedovertohelptheman.②Hiscarhadbrokendown.Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.①Istillremembertheplace.②Imetherthereforthefirsttime.IstillremembertheplacewhereImetherforthefirsttime.第三页，共二十一页。由什么词来引导定语从句定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导关系词功能关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose代替先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等关系副词when,where,why代替先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语（时间状语、地点状语、原因状语）第四页，共二十一页。如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词？用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中缺什么成分。如果缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则选用关系代词；如果缺少状语，则选用关系副词。

Thisisthemountainvillage______Istayedlastyear. Thisisthemountainvillage______Ivisitedlastyear.vi.vt.wherewhich第五页，共二十一页。关系副词

when,where,why关系副词所代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语（时间状语、地点状语、原因状语），相当于“介词+关系代词”Thereareoccasionswhenonemustyield.

onwhichBeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.

inwhichIsthisthereasonwhyherefusedouroffer?

forwhich

小结：1.分析是时间状语、地点状语、还是原因状语，然后选用对应的关系词。第六页，共二十一页。介词＋which/whom中，如何选择介词？①取决于定语从句中的动词或形容词的搭配Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone______whomtheycantalkfrequently.Ilovemyhometown______whichIfeelproud.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs______whichtheyarebeingtrained.②取决于先行词与介词连用的规律Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedscenes______whichpeoplewereeatenbythetiger.withinforof第七页，共二十一页。Canyouthinkofasituationwherethisphrasecanbeused?we'vejusttryingtoreachingapointwherebothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.Thisisthecasewherehegotallhismoneystolen2.当抽象时间名词occasion,period,stay被修饰，且从句结构完整时，用when

Thereareoccasionswhenpeopleprefertotakeataxiwhenthereisconvenientbusservice.1.当抽象地点名词（situation,case,stage,scene,

point,job,activity)被修饰，且从句结构完整时，用where=inwhich抽象的时间与地点第八页，共二十一页。先行词在从句中做主语/宾语Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.Heisthemanthat/whowantstoseeyou.Heistheman(that/who/whom)Isawyesterday.

Thenoodles(that/which)Icookedweredelicious.总结：1.先行词在从句中做主语时，关系词不可省略，先行词是人时用who/that，先行词是物时用which/that。2.先行词在从句中做宾语时，关系词可以省略，先行词是人时用who/whom/that，先行词是物时用which/that。第九页，共二十一页。①做宾语时，关系词可省略。口语或非正式语体中可用who替代whomThefish(which/that)weboughttasteddelicious.Theman(whom/that/who)youtalkedtoisMr.Li.②先行词在从句中充当主语，关系词不能省略，且要主谓一致Don’tchooseme,who

amnotfitforthisjob.Heisoneoftheboys

who

arelateforschool.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho

islateforschool.第十页，共二十一页。③介词后只用which/whom，且不能省略Thevillageisfarawayfromhere.Helivesinthevillage.Thevillagethat/whichhelivesinisfarawayfromhere.Thevillagein

whichhelivesisfarawayfromhere.Theman(whom/that/who)youtalkedtoisMr.Li.Themanto

whomyoutalkedjustnowisMr.Li.第十一页，共二十一页。用that而不用which的情况①不定代词all,much,little,few,none,anything,everything,nothing,something

等作先行词时，只用thatIsthereanythingelse(that)youwanttoknow?②先行词被

all,every,no,some,any,little,much

等修饰时，只用thatAllthebooks(that)youneedarehere.③先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词及theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时，只用thatThisistheverypen(that)sheislookingfor.④先行词既有人又有物时Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools(that)hehadvisited.第十二页，共二十一页。用that而不用which的情况(5)先行词是who或who引导的主句。

Whoisthegirl

thatdrovethecar?Who

thatbrokethewindowwillbepunished.(6)当先行词是which时，关系代词用that.

Whichisthebookthatyouboughtlastweek?(7)主句以Therebe

句型，且关系词在从句中做主语

Thereare200peoplethatdidn’tknowthething.(8)当先行词在主句中作表语，并且在定语从句也作表语时，关系代词用that.

Sheisn’tthegirl

thatshewas10yearsago.Ningboisn’tthecitythatitusedtobe.

Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.

第十三页，共二十一页。先行词在从句中做定语关系代词whose的用法举例Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.

=ofwhomthe

carhadbrokendown.Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.

=ofwhichthecoverisgreen.

Theschoolshop,whosecustomersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.Theprizewillgotothewriterwhosestoryshowsthemostimaginary.第十四页，共二十一页。解题定语从句第一步：找准先行词。第二步：分析定语从句中缺少什么成分。第三步：选准关系词。Isthisthereason____________heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?Wearelivinginanage_____________manythingsaredoneoncomputer(which/that)when/inwhich第十五页，共二十一页。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句对先行词有限定制约作用；非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。非限制性定语与主句之间有一个逗号“,”隔开。注意：①that不能引导非限制性定语从句；②非限制性定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词一般不能省略。Howdoyouapologizetoyourfriendwhosebikeyoulost?Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasalovelygarden.HeseemsnottohaveunderstoodwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.第十六页，共二十一页。as在定语从句中的用法①当先行词前面有so+adj.+a或者such+(a)+adj.,thesame

等词修饰时，用as引导，在句中充当成分Sheissoniceagirlaswealllike.Itissuchaninterestingbookasweallwanttoread.比较：Sheissoniceagirlthatwealllikeher.Itissuchaninterestingbookthatweallwanttoreadit.②as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开。但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后Hehasmadegreatprogress,whichmakesusveryhappy.Asyouexpected,heturnedupontime.第十七页，共二十一页。定语从句与强调句的结合Wasitinthegarden(___________weusedtoworkin)____thefamousactorsandactresseshadapicnic.强调句去掉Itis….that仍完整---Wheredidyoumeetthefootballstars?---Itwasinthehotel____welived.that/whi