Module3Unit2Wehavenotfoundlifeonanyotherplanetsyet.知识点课件英语八年级下册

Scientists

think

that

there

has

been

life

on

the

earth

for

hundreds

of

millions

of

years.科学家们认为地球上的生命已有数亿年的历史。(教材P20)&1&

there

has/have

been

已经有……&2&

&3&

是there

be句型的现在完成时结构，遵循"就近原则"，即谓语动词的数与句子主语保持一致。There

have

been

great

changesin

our

country

in

the

last

ten

years.在过去的十年里，我们国家发生了巨大的变化。&4&

there

be的一般将来时结构为：there

will

be或there

is/are

going

to

be。Let's

remember

that

there

will

be

obstacles

in

our

life.

We

must

face

them

bravely

and

solve

them.

让我们记住我们的生活中会有障碍。我们必须勇敢地面对并解决它们。(河北中考)&5&

on

the

earth=onearth

在地球上；在世界上I

want

to

know

about

the

history

of

life

on

the

earth.

我想了解地球上的生命史。She

must

be

the

happiest

person

on

the

earth.

她一定是世界上最幸福的人。&6&

on

earth用于口语中，意为"究竟，到底"，常用于疑问词后加强语气。What

on

earth

is

the

problem?到底是什么问题？&7&

hundreds

of

millions

of数以亿计的The

system

can

store

hundreds

of

millions

of

facts

about

people,

places

and

events.这个系统可以储存上亿条与人物、地点和事件相关的信息。(1)hundreds

of

"成百上千的"后均接可数名词复数，表示概数thousands

of

"数以千计的，成千上万的"millions

of

"数以百万计的"billions

of

"数以十亿计的"The

village

is

hundreds

of

years

old.

这个村子有数百年的历史。(2)当hundred、thousand、million、billion

与具体数字连用时，其后不加s，且其后不接of。There

are

two

thousand

people

in

the

meeting

room.

会议室里有两千人。Seven

other

planets

also

go

around

the

sun.

还有七颗行星也绕着太阳转。(教材P20)&9&

基数词+other+可数名词复数

&10&

为常用结构，意为"再/又……"，其中other可以用more替换。"基数词+other/more+可数名词复数"相当于"another+基数词+可数名词复数"。I

have

two

other/more

questions

to

ask

you.=I

have

another

twoquestions

to

ask

you.我还有两个问题要问你。none

/nʌn/

pron.

没有一人；没有一个；一点儿也没有&12&

none与no

oneNone

of

them

has

an

environment

like

that

of

the

earth,

so

scientists

do

not

think

they

will

find

life

on

them.这些行星中没有一颗有像地球那样的环境，因此科学家们认为他们不会在它们上面发现生命。(教材P20)noneno

one意为"没有一人；没有一个；一点儿也没有"，既可指人也可指物。是all的全部否定。意为"没有人"，用来指人，与nobody同义。1."none

of+可数名词复数/人称代词复数"作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可。2."none

of+不可数名词"作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。3.强调数量，可用来回答how

many/how

much的提问。1.后不跟of短语，在句中作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。2.不强调数量，可用来回答who的提问。None

of

us

know(s)

the

news.

我们中没有一个人知道这个消息。None

of

the

money

is

his.

没有一分钱是他的。—How

many

people

are

there

in

that

room?

那个房间里有多少个人？—None.一个人也没有。—How

much

money

did

you

give

her?你给了她多少钱?—None.

一分也没给。No

one/Nobody

knows

the

answer.没有人知道答案。—Who

went

to

see

the

film?谁去看电影了?—No

one./Nobody.

谁也没去。典例1

(鄂州中考)—I

tried

several

ways

to

work

out

the

math

problem,

but

___of

them

worked.—Never

give

up.

I

believe

you'll

make

it.CA.allB.each C.none D.neither【解析】句意：——我尝试了好几种方法来解答这道数学题，但是没有一种方法能做出来。——不要放弃。我相信你会做出来的。all指三者或三者以上都,表示肯定意义；each指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的每一个，表示肯定意义；none指三者或三者以上都不，表示否定意义；neither指两者都不，表示否定意义。根据题干中的several可判断此处是三者或三者以上，且由表示转折的but可知，此处表示否定意义。故选C。&13&

environment

/ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/

n.

环境&14&

作可数名词或不可数名词均可，表示影响人或事物的行为或发展的环境。environment发音以元音音素开头，其前的不定冠词用an。People

can't

live

in

an

environment

without

air.人们不能在没有空气的环境里生存。The

earlier

we

take

action

to

protect

our

environment,

the

better

it

will

be

for

our

future.我们越早采取行动保护环境，对我们的未来就越有利。(昆明中考)&15&

(1)the

environment意为"自然环境；生态环境"。(2)environmental是形容词，意为"自然环境的，有关环境的"。environmental

protection"环境保护"；environmental

pollution"环境污染"。&16&

that

/ðæt/

pron.

那，那个(指代已被提及的事物)&17&

that用于代替前文提及的事物，在文中指代environment。that还可用于含有比较意味的句子中，代替可数名词复数时用those。In

winter,

the

weather

in

Beijing

is

much

colder

than

that

in

Guilin.冬天，北京的天气比桂林的天气冷得多。The

players

on

the

team

are

taller

and

stronger

than

those

on

our

team.那个队的队员比我们队的队员高且壮。典例2

(连云港中考)After

the

new

high-speed

railway

line

began

operations,

the

time

on

the

trip

from

Lianyungang

to

Qingdao

now

is

much

less

than

___

in

the

past.C

【解析】句意：新高速铁路线开始运行后，现在从连云港到青岛的旅行时间比过去少多了。此处用that指代前面提到的"the

time

on

the

trip

from

Lianyungang

to

Qingdao"(从连云港到青岛的旅行时间)，故选C。&18&

light

/laɪt/

n.

光；光线；光亮&19&

在此作不可数名词，意为"光；光线；光亮"。The

light

in

the

room

is

too

dim.

房间里的光线太暗了。They

are

very

far

away

and

their

light

has

to

travel

for

many

years

to

reach

us.它们非常遥远,并且它们发出的光必须要经过许多年才能抵达地球。(教材P20)&20&

light的其他用法：light作可数名词，意为"电灯"Tom

must

be

in

his

room.

Thelight

in

his

room

is

on.汤姆一定在他的房间里。他房间里的灯亮着。作形容词，有多种含义：①"明亮的，采光好的"②"浅色的"，反义词是dark"深色的"③"轻的"，反义词是heavy"重的"This

living

room

is

light

andairy.这个客厅明亮又通风。I

like

light

colours.我喜欢浅颜色。This

bag

is

very

light.

I

cancarry

it.这个包很轻。我能拿得动。light作动词，意为"点燃；照亮"，其过去式和过去分词为lit/lit或lighted/lightedLight

the

candle.把蜡烛点上。续表&21&

reach

/riːtʃ/

v.

到达；抵达&22&

&23&

作及物动词，意为"到达"，其后直接跟地点，相当于get

to或arrive

in/at。They

will

reach(=get

to/arrive

in)

Beijing

next

week.

他们将在下周到达北京。&24&

reach作动词，还可意为"触及；传到"。With

the

help

of

the

Internet,

information

can

reach

every

corner

of

the

world

quickly.在网络的帮助下，信息能够迅速传到世界的每一个角落。It

is

impossible

to

imagine.

那是难以想象的。(教材P20)&25&

impossible

/ɪmˈpɒsəbl/

adj.

(事情)办不到的，不可能的&26&

由"im-(否定前缀)+possible(可能的)"构成。常用在It's

impossible

(for

sb.)

to

do

sth."(对某人来说)做某事是不可能的"句型中。Nothing

is

impossible

if

you

don't

give

up.如果你不放弃，没有什么是不可能的。It's

impossible

for

me

to

get

such

great

success

without

their

help.没有他们的帮助，我不可能获得如此大的成功。(海南中考)&27&

形容词加前缀im-构成其反义词，常见的还有：polite(有礼貌的)—impolite(不礼貌的，粗鲁的)patient(有耐心的)—impatient(没有耐心的)impossible&28&

形容词/副词+enough+to

do

sth.&29&

&30&

该结构意为"足够……可以做某事"，其否定形式为"not+形容词/副词+enough+to

do

sth."，意为"不够……不可以做某事"。However,

no

spaceship

has

travelled

far

enough

to

reach

other

stars("形容词/副词+enough+to

do

sth."结构)

in

our

Galaxy.

然而，还没有任何航天器飞行得足够远以到达我们的银河系中的其他恒星。(教材P20)Hurricane

winds

can

be

strong

enough

to

break

windows

into

pieces.

飓风的强度足以将窗户打碎。(苏州中考)Jim

isn't

strong

enough

to

carry

the

big

box.

吉姆不够强壮，搬不动那个大箱子。&31&

"形容词/副词+enough+to

do

sth."的肯定形式通常可与"so...that..."结构相互转换，其否定句通常可与"too...to..."结构相互转换。He's

clever

enough

to

get

over

many

difficulties.=He's

so

clever

that

he

can

get

over

many

difficulties.他很聪明，能够克服许多困难。She

is

not

old

enough

to

go

to

school

this

autumn.=She

is

too

young

to

go

to

school

this

autumn.她不够大，今年秋天还不能去上学。特别提醒(1)enough作形容词修饰名词时，通常放在名词前(也可以放在名词后)。I

have

enough

time

to

finish

the

work.我有足够的时间来完成这项工作。(2)enough作副词修饰形容词或副词时，要放在所修饰词的后面。The

house

isn't

big

enough

for

us.这房子对我们来说不够大。&32&

with+名词/代词+介词短语&33&

&34&

本句中的"with

so

many

stars

in

the

universe"是"with+名词/代词+介词短语"结构。该结构可位于句首或句末，在句中作状语。Mary

was

sitting

near

the

fire,

with

her

back

tow