高三英语一轮复习应用文专题讲义

高2024届二轮复习——应用文精讲精练三种阅读方法略读（skimming)——了解文章大意跳跃式浏览文章标题、首尾段、每段首尾句以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语（特别是however,but,therefore等）查读(scanning)——寻找所需信息带着一两个关键词（专有名词、缩写、数字）寻找所需信息在文中的位置，进行信息定位。研读(studyreading)——理解深层含义在原文中找到关键词后，在相关范围内（关键词所在句和上一句和下一句）逐词、逐句阅读，通过分析、比较、综合、联想等方法并结合自己掌握的知识经验进行推理、判断来理解文章的深层含义以及作者的立场、观点、态度和意图等。阅读理解5步骤抓大意：用略读法了解文章及各段的大意，便于快速定位信息。读题干：了解题目问什么，并在题干中找出便于定位的关键词。定位信息：带着问题和特征词，用查读法在文章中找到相关句段。特别注意：题文同序！研读：理解所找到的相关句段，有的还要根据背景常识进行简单的推理或判断，对比各个选项做出判断。综合选择：考虑各题所选选项，看是否切合全文主旨。应用文文体题型解读应用文：广告、书信、列车或飞机的时刻表、产品说明书、宣传海报、简明新闻等都属于应用文，他们的目的都是为了向读者传输信息。在阅读这类文章时主要是注意细节信息（时间、地点、人物或数据），做题时，根据所提问题中的关键词定位，用寻读、跳读的方法更有效。【做题步骤】1.不需读原文（有题目和小标题的要看），直接看问题，划出问题中的关键词2.从题干中寻找关键词，定位问题答案【注意】①细节题的正确选项大都是相应原文的变形(如同义改写、词性转换等)②注意文中以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分内容的概括高考应用文命题规律从命题上看，应用文主要考查细节理解，近年来也会考查推理判断、写作意图以及读者对象等。应用文阅读材料简单明了，主要考查考生快速而准确地获取和理解文中具体细节信息的能力。重点：理解文章具体信息题型分类直接信息题：直接在文中获取归纳概括题：对两个或多个信息进行归纳概括语义转化题：对两个或多个信息进行同义转化数字计算题：对文中提供的数字进行简单计算真题演练和精讲直接信息题（2023年新课标II卷）CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)Fromaclassicviewpoint,enjoyLowerFalls,theYellowstoneRiver,andthebreathtakingcolorsofthecanyon(峡谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.Discoverwhyartistsandphotographerscontinuetobedrawntothisspecialplace.MeetonthelowerplatformatArtistPointontheSouthRimDriveforthisshorttalk.22．WhatistheshorttalkatArtistPointabout?A．Worksoffamousartists. B．Protectionofwildanimals.C．Basicphotographyskills. D．Historyofthecanyonarea.PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)Enhanceyourphotographyskills—joinYellowstone’sparkphotographerforahandsonprogramtoinspirenewandcreativewaysofenjoyingthebeautyandwonderofYellowstone.6/19—Waterfalls&WideAngles:meetatArtistPoint.7/10—Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.23．WherewilltheparticipantsmeetfortheJuly10photographyworkshop?A．ArtistPoint. B．WashburnTrailhead.C．CanyonVillageStore. D．VisitorEducationCenter.（2023年全国甲卷）Bo.lanBo.lanhasbeenmakingwavesinBangkok’sculinaryscenesinceitopenedin2009.ServinghardtofindThaidishesinanelegantatmosphere,therestaurantistruetoThaicuisine’sroots,yetstillmanagestoaddaspecialtwist.Thisplaceisgoodforacandlelitdinneroraworkmeetingwithcolleagueswhoappreciatefinefood.Forthoseextremelyhungry,there’salargesetmenu.22．Whichrestaurantoffersalargesetmenu?A．Gaggan. B．Bo.lan. C．IssayaSiameseClub. D．Nahm.GagganEarningfirstplaceonthelatest“Asia’s50bestrestaurants”list,progressiveIndianrestaurantGagganisoneofthemostexcitingvenues(场所)toarriveinBangkokinrecentyears.ThebesttableinthistwostorycolonialThaihomeoffersawindowrightintothekitchen,whereyoucanseechefGagganandhisstaffinaction.Culinarytheateratitsbest.23．WhatisspecialaboutGaggan?A．IthiresstafffromIndia. B．Itputsonaplayeveryday.C．Itserveshardtofindlocaldishes. D．Itshowsthecookingprocesstoguests.（二）语义转化题（2023年新课标I卷）WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalpanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(刹车),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排挡),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.21．WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?A．Itgiveschildrenadiscount. B．Itoffersmanytypesofbikes.C．Itorganizesfreecycletours. D．Ithasover2,500rentalshops.（2022年新高考I卷）LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotpletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A．Youwillreceiveazero. B．Youwilllosealettergrade.C．Youwillbegivenatest. D．Youwillhavetorewriteit.（三）数字计算题（2023年新课标I卷）PricesHandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears1hour€7.50€5.003hours€11.00€7.501day(24hours)€14.75€9.75Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.00Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?€15.75.B．€19.50. C．€22.75. D．€29.50.（2023年1月浙江卷）ExplorersCamp•Fulldaycampforkidsaged513.•MondayFriday,July826,9am4pm.Week1|July812Week2|July1519Week3|July2226•Registerforasingleweekormultipleweeks.•Fees:$365perweek.•Thelastdaytocancelregistrationandreceiveafullrefund(退款)isJune15.Howmanyhoursofclasswillyouhavealtogetherifyouregisterforasingleweek?A．15. B．21. C．30. D．42.（2023年新高考I卷）GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90100,A;8089,B;7079,C;6069,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillbinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)Studentswillworkingroupstopletefourassignments(作业)duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.DailyWork/InClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytopleteshortinclasswritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobepletedinclassorshortassignmentstobepletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotpletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.21．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Atextbook. B．Anexampaper. C．Acourseplan. D．Anacademicarticle.22．Howmanypartsisastudent’sfinalgrademadeupof?A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.（四）文章来源/目标读者题（难点）根据设题方式迅速确定题型:Thispassagewouldbemostlikelytobefoundin．Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom．Wheredoesthistextprobablyefrom?Whichsectionofamagazineisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?Thetextisintendedfor．解题策略：根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点；报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主；杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活；产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍；药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等；网络：文体不限，找到clickhere，download，up­load，link，mouse,surf等网络标志（2023·四川绵阳·四川省绵阳南山中学校考模拟预测阅读理解A篇）Thesummervacationisjustaroundthecorner.Withsuchalongholidaytospend,haveyoudecidedwheretogetyourselfrelaxedfromthegreatpressureofschoolstudy?Ourpanyspecializesinciviltours.Wetakeprideinofferingyouthebestservicesandinprovidingyouwithavacationthatwillbefondlyremembered.Thefollowingplacescanbeyourunforgettabledestinationsinourcountry.A．TheAustralianMuseumTheAustralianMuseumhasaninternationalreputationinthefieldsofnaturalhistoryandindigenousstudiesresearchandexhibitions.Themuseumwasestablishedin1827andisAustralia’sfirstmuseumofnaturalscienceandculturalartifacts.B．SydneyOlympicParkHomeoftheBestGamesEverand2003RugbyWorld,SydneyOlympicParkisagoldmedalattractionandcontinuestoserveasamajorsportandsocialvenue.Apartfromitsultramodernsportvenues,SydneyOlympicParkissetinextensiveparklands.BicentennialPark,oneofSydney’smostpopularrecreationalareas,iscrisscrossedwithwalkingandbicycletracks.C．ArtGalleryofNewSouthWalesLocatedwithinashortwalkingdistancefromSydney’sCBD,theArtGalleryofNewSouthWalesisoneofAustralia’sforemostartmuseumshousingsomeofthefinestworksofartinthecountry.TheGalleryhasarichanddiversecollectionincludingkeyworksoftheHeidelbergSchoolandfavoritemodernAustralianartistsincludingBrettWhiteleyandMargaretPreston,aswellaspermanentAustralian,European,Asian,contemporaryandphotographicgalleries.D．KoalasParkSanctuaryKoalasareonshoweveryday.Showsareat10:20A．M.,11:20A．M.,2:00P.M.,3:00P.M.whereyoucancuddle,feed,patandhaveyourphototakenwiththeKoalas.SeefreeroamingKoalasaswell,10acresofrainforest.Walkinandpatourkangaroos.21．HowlonghastheAustralianMuseumbeenbuilt?A．Around230years. B．Around190years.C．Around140years. D．Around100years.22．Whichofthefollowingmightbemoreinvitingtoasportsfan?A．KoalasParkSanctuary. B．ArtGalleryofNewSouthWales.C．TheAustralianMuseum. D．SydneyOlympicPark23．Whoisthispassageintendedfor?A．SchoolstudentsB．Parents. C．Foreigntourists. D．Teachers.（2023·江苏南京·南京市第一中学校考三模）We’rehostingaReviewBlitz!Wewantreasonablereviewsinonemonth!Thesereviewsmustbeyourhonestopinions.Justremembertosubmit(提交)yourreviewbeforeAugust23,2023.Rules:

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