英语国家概况Chapter 6课件

AGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况英语国家概况TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandChapter6

Literature

TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland英语国家概况CONTENTTheOldEnglishPeriodandMiddleEnglishPeriod(450-1500)ITheRenaissance(1500-1660)IITheNeo-ClassicalPeriod(1660-1785)IIITheRomanticPeriod(1785-1830)IVTheVictorianPeriod(1832-1901)VTheOldEnglishPeriodandMiddleEnglishPeriod(450-1500)I

1.1GeneralKnowledge1.2TheOldEnglishPeriod

1.3TheMiddleEnglishPeriod

1.1GeneralKnowledgeInpractice,worksofliteraturefallintofourcategoriesorgenres:poetrydramaFiction/novelProse/essay1.2TheOldEnglishPeriodOldEnglish:theepic

Beowulf

：folklegendofAnglo-Saxons传说讲述Beowulf是位非常强而有力的人,当时有一只丑陋而可怕的怪物Grendel在四出破坏及吃人。Beowulf与物恶斗后将它杀死了。Grendel的母亲对此怀恨在心...于是待Beowulf年老后去找他偿命,Grendel的母亲将Beowulf拖进其湖底的巢穴并廝杀。最后被Beowulf用剑把她的头砍下来，他在湖底找刭Grendel的尸体,也把他的头砍了带走。Hrothgar王对他感激不已,送了他许多酬赏。但好景不长,有人从一巨龙之穴偷走了一个金杯,令巨龙极为愤怒。於是它四出捣乱及烧毁村庄,令人民生活大受影响。年老的Beowulf再次堤起他的剑与外甥Wiglaf一起去对付巨龙(其他人太害怕巨龙而没人敢帮助他...),大战过后巨龙终被他俩所杀,但Beowulf也因伤重而死。1.2TheOldEnglishPeriodWiglaf在诗中最后对那些不敢战斗如懦夫般的战士的话：

Soitisgoodbyetoallyouknowandlove

onyourhomeground,theopen-handedness,

thegivingofwarswords.Everyoneofyou

withfreeholdsofland,ourwholenation,

willbedispossessed,once-princesfrombeyond

gettidingsofhowyouturnedandfled

anddisgracedyourselves.Awarriorwillsooner

diethanlivealifeofshame.

1.3TheMiddleEnglishPeriod(1066-1485).MiddleEnglish:GeoffreyChaucer

TheCanterburyTales

作品描写一群香客（pilgrim）聚集在伦敦一家小旅店里，准备去坎特伯雷城朝圣。店主人建议香客们在往返途中各讲两个故事，看谁讲的最好。故事集包括了23个故事，如：骑士讲的爱情悲剧故事、卖赎罪券者讲的劝世寓言故事、教士讲的动物寓言故事、商人讲的家庭纠纷的故事、农民讲的感人的爱情和慷慨义气行为的故事。1.3TheMiddleEnglishPeriod(1066-1485).作品广泛地反映了当时的英国社会生活，揭露了教会的腐败、教士的贪婪和伪善，谴责了扼杀人性的禁欲主义，肯定了世俗的爱情生活。

TheRenaissance(1500-1660)

2.1GeneralKnowledge

2.2WilliamShakespeare

II

Intellecturalmovement:Renaissance文艺复兴admirationoftheGreekandLatinclassicworks.sonnet(十四行诗)dramaThedramatypesaretragedy,comedy.

2.1GeneralKnowledge2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)

2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)

Shakespeare’sBirthplaceTheGlobeTheatre：rebuiltnearitsoriginallocationonthesouthbankoftheThamesRiverinLondon.2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Sonnet《莎士比亚十四行诗集》:154首诗，作于1592年至1598年“莎士比亚体”（Shakespearean），由三节四行诗和两行对句组成，每行10个音节韵式Rhyme为ABAB，CDCD，EFEF，GG。Sonnet141InfaithIdonotlovetheewithmineeyes,Fortheyintheeathousanderrorsnote;But`tismyheartthatloveswhattheydespise,Whoindespiteofviewispleasedtodote.Noraremineearswiththytongue`stunedelighted;Nortenderfeelingtobasetouchesprone,Nortaste,norsmell,desiretobeinvitedToanysensualfeastwiththeealone.Butmyfivewits,normyfivesensescanDissuadeonefoolishheartfromservingthee,Wholeavesunswayedthelikenessofaman,Thyproudheart`sslaveandvassalwretchtobe.OnlymyplaguethusfarIcountmygain,Thatshethatmakesmesinawardsmepain.Comedy:爱情、友谊、婚姻

AMidsummerNight’sDream(1595)MerchantofVenice(1598)AsYouLikeIt(1599)TwelfthNight(1601)DramaDrama:37---Comedy,histaricalplay,tragedyMERCHANTVENICE2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Tragedies:RomeoandJuliet(1595)Hamlet(1601)Othello(1604)KingLear(1605)Macbeth(1606)HamletOthelloKingLearMacbeth2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Q.WhichplayisregardedasamilestoneinShakespeare’sdramaticdevelopment?A:

Hamlet.2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Tobe,ornottobe

(fromHamlet3/1)

Tobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion:Whether'tisnoblerinthemindtosufferTheslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune,Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,Andbyopposingendthem?2.2WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Q.WhatmakesShakespearesofamous?A:Hisgreatunderstandingofhumannatureandhisabilitytofinduniversalhumanqualitiesandtoputthemindramaticsituations.人与宇宙、人性、灵与肉、人生终极目标等根本性的问题，属于超道德的范畴

TheNeo-classicalPeriod(1660-1785)III

3.1HistoricalBackground

3.2Representatives

The17thcentury:theBourgeoisRevolutionJohnMilton:ParadiseLost(失乐园)揭示了人的原罪与堕落。诗中叛逆之神撒旦，因为反抗上帝的权威被打入地狱，却毫不屈服，为复仇寻至伊甸园。亚当与夏娃受被撒旦附身的蛇的引诱，偷吃了上帝明令禁吃的分辨善恶的树上的果子。最终，撒旦及其同伙遭谴全变成了蛇，亚当与夏娃被逐出了伊甸园。该诗体现了诗人追求自由的崇高精神3.1HistoricalBackground3.1HistoricalBackground

The18thcentury:Peacefuldevelopment

TheIndustrialRevolutionClassicism

：AlexanderPopeSatire(讽刺文学)cametofullgrowth.AlexanderPopeJonathanSwiftDanielDefoe3.2Representatives[

3.2.3DanielDefoe

3.2.1AlexanderPope

3.2.2JonathanSwift3.2.2AlexanderPopeAlexanderPope(1688-1744)AnEssayonCriticism(1711)Alittlelearningisadangerousthing.Toerrishuman.3.2.3JonathanSwiftJonathanSwift(1667-1745)Gulliver’sTravels(1726)—格列佛游记Novel：游记体讽刺小说

3.2.4DanielDefoeDanielDefoe(1660?-1731)

RobinsonCrusoe(1719)鲁滨孙漂流记Novel：冒险自传体小说TheRomanticPeriod(1785-1830)IV

4.1PioneersofRomanticPoets

4.2TheMajor“SecondGeneration”ofRomanticPoets

4.1PioneersofRomanticPoets

Pioneers:LakepoetsWilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)PassiveRomanticismIwanderedlonelyasacloud

Thatfloatsonhigho'ervalesandhills,

WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,

Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;我孤独地漫游，像一朵云在山丘和谷地上飘荡，忽然间我看见一群金色的水仙花迎春开放

4.2TheMajor“SecondGeneration”ofRomanticPoetsActiveRomanticism:Themajor“secondgeneration”ofRomanticpoets

LordByron,PercyByssheShelley,JohnKeats.4.2TheMajor“SecondGeneration”ofRomanticPoetsPercyByssheShelley(1792-1822)poems—“OdetotheWestWind”(1819)……BethroughmylipstounawakenedearthThetrumpetofaprophecy!OWind,IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?

TheVictorianPeriod(1832-1901)V

5.1CriticalRealism

5.2Representatives

5.1CriticalRealismA:

Thecriticalrealistsdescribedthechieftraitsofthesocietyandcriticizedthecapitalistsystemfromademocraticviewpoint.Q.What’sthecharacteristicoftheCriticalRealismnovels?Itsrepresemtative：CharlesDickensLeadingformofliterature:novel5.2Representatives

5.2.1CharlesDickens

5.2.3BronteSisters

5.2.4GeorgeEliot

5.2.5ThomasHardy

5.2.2JaneAusten5.2.1CharlesDickensCharlesDickens(1812-1870)Empathyforthecommonpeople5.2.1CharlesDickensThePickwickPapers(1836-1837)—《匹克威克外传》broughthimimmediatefame

GreatExpectations(1860-1861)《

远大前程》OliverTwist(1837)《

雾都孤儿》ATaleofTwoCities(1859)《

双城记》DavidCopperfield(1849-1850)《大卫·科波菲尔》 Autobiography

5.2.1CharlesDickens5.2.2JaneAustenJaneAusten(1775–1817):6novelsSenseandSensibility(1811)

《理性与感性》PrideandPrejudice(1813)《傲慢与偏见》MansfieldPark(1814)《曼斯菲尔德庄园》Emma(1816)《爱玛》Prideandprejudice班纳特五个女儿对待终身大事的不同处理，表现出乡镇中产阶级家庭出身的少女对婚姻爱情问题的不同态度，从而反映了作者本人的婚姻观。

傲慢与偏见5.2.3BronteSisters

Brontesisters:Charlotte(1816-1855)JaneEyre(1847)Emily(1818-1848)WutheringHeights(18