诺贝尔奖介绍英文课件

IntroductiontotheNobelPrizeEnglishcoursewareTheOriginandHistoryoftheNobelPrizeTypesandselectionofNobelPrizesTheinfluenceandsignificanceoftheNobelPrizecontents目录ChinaandtheNobelPrizeTheControlandCriticismoftheNobelPrizeTheFutureDevelopmentoftheNobelPrizecontents目录CHAPTER01TheOriginandHistoryoftheNobelPrizeAlfredNobelwasaSwedishinventorandindustrialistwhoinventeddynamiteandotherexplorationsHewasalsoawriterandphilosopherwholefthisvastfortunetoestablishtheNobelPrizeHiswillspecifythatthemoneywillbeusedtoestablishpricesforoutstandingcontributionsinphysics,chemistry,medicine,literature,andpeaceTheseprizesarenowconsideredthemostanticipatedawardsintheworldAlfredNobel,thefounderoftheNobelPrizeTheEstablishmentandDevelopmentoftheNobelPrizeThefirstNobelPrizeswereawardedin1901,andsincethen,theyhavebeenpresentedeveryyearexceptduringWorldWarI(1914-1918)andWorldWarII(1939-1945)Overtheyears,thenumberofcategorieshasexpandedtoincludeeconomics(1968)andphysics(1901-1967),andtherehavebeenseveralchangesintheselectionprocessTheNobelFoundationadministratorstheawards,andtheprizesareawardedbydifferentorganizations:theRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciencesforphysicsandchemistry,theKarolinskaInstituteformedicine,theSwedishAcademyforliterature,andtheNorwegianNobelCommitteeforpeaceTheawardsceremonytakesplaceinStockholm,Sweden,everyyearonDecember10,theanniversaryofAlfredNobel'sdeathTheprizesarepresentedbytheKingofSwedenCHAPTER02TypesandselectionofNobelPrizes0102TheNobelP…increasedforoutstandingcontributionsinthefieldofphysicsTheNobelP…awardedforoutstandingcontributionsinthefieldofchemistryTheNobelP…awardedforoutstandingcontributionsinthefieldofphysiologyormedicineTheNobelP…awardedforoutstandingcontributionsinthefieldofliteratureTheNobelPeacePrizeawardedforoutstandingcontributionstoworldpeaceandhumanrights030405TypesofNobelPrizesTheselectionoftheNobelPrizeiscarriedoutbytheNobelAssemblyattheKarolinskaInstitute,whichconsiderationsof50professorsfromSwedishandforeignmedicalschoolsTheNobelAssemblyselectsthewinner(s)oftheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinefromnominationssubmittedbyqualifiednominatorsworldwideTheselectionorganizationandprocessoftheNobelPrizeThemainachievementsofthewinnersarecurrentlytheirmostimportantworkordiscoveriesthathavehadasignificantimpactonthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyorliteratureTheselectioncriteriafortheNobelPrizeandthemainachievementsofthewinnersTheselectioncriteriafortheNobelPrizemainlyincludethefollowing:thenomineemusthavemadeanoutstandingcontributiontothefield;Thecontributionmustbeoriginalandcreative;Andthenobody'sworkmusthaveasignificantimpactonthedevelopmentofthefieldTheselectionorganizationandprocessoftheNobelPrizeCHAPTER03TheinfluenceandsignificanceoftheNobelPrizeImpactonScience:TheNobelPrizehasbeenadrivingforceinscientificresearch,springadvancementsinvariousfieldssuchasphysics,chemistry,andmedicineIthasrecognizedgroundbreakingworkthathastransformedourunderstandingoftheworldandledtotechnologicalinnovationsImpactonLiterature:TheNobelPrizeinLiteraturehasbrokenglobalrecognitiontowriterswhohaveenrichedtheworldwiththeirliteraryworksIthasspotteddiverseliterarystylesandvoices,promotingculturalexchangeandunderstandingImpactontheCauseofPeace:TheNobelPeacePrizehasearnedindividualsandorganizationswhohavemadesignificantcontributionstopeacebenefitsItservesasasymbolofhopeandinspirationforthoseworkingtowardsamorepeacefulworldTheimpactoftheNobelPrizeonscience,literature,andthecauseofpeaceInspiringYoungTalentTheNobelPrizeservesasamotivationforyoungpeopletopursueexcellenceintheirfields,sparkingthedevelopmentofnewideasandinnovationsthatdrivesocietyforwardPromotingIntellectualDialogueTheNobelPrizehasfocusedonintellectualdialogueandexchangeamongschools,writers,andpeaceactivitiesfromdifferentcountries,leadingtoarichunderstandingofglobalissuesEnhancingGlobalAwarenessTheNobelPrizebringsattentiontoimportantissuessuchasclimatechange,powererasure,andnuclearnonpromotion,movingeffectstowardsglobalcooperationandprogressThecontributionoftheNobelPrizetothedevelopmentofhumansocietyInspiringPersonalAchievementThestoriesofNobelLaureatesserveasaninspirationforindividualstopushtheirpassesandexcelintheirchosenfields,regulationsoftheirbackgroundorcirclesFosteringCreativityTheNobelPrizeresourcesindividualstothinkoutsidetheboxandpurchaseoriginalideasIthighlightstheimportanceofcreativityindrivinginnovationandprogressEncouragingLifelongLearningTheNobelPriceremindersusthatlearningisalifelongprocessItresourcesindividualstocontinuouslyexplorenewknowledgeandhorizons,stayingrelevantinaneverchangingworldTheEnlightenmentofNobelPrizeonPersonalGrowthandDevelopmentCHAPTER04ChinaandtheNobelPrizeThesituationofChinawinningtheNobelPriceChina'sNobelPrizeAchievements:SincethefirstChineseNobellaureates,GaoXingjian,won'ttheLiteraturePrizein2000,ChinahasseenagrowingnumberofNobellaureatesinvariousfieldsIntotal,therearenow11ChineseNobellaureates,includingtwoLiteraturePricewinners,threePhysiologyorMedicinePricewinners,oneChemistryPricewinner,onePeacePricewinner,andfourPhysicsPricewinnersImpactofChineseNobelPrizes:TheincreasingnumberofChineseNobellaureateshasraisedtheinternationalprofileofChinainthefieldofscienceandliteratureIthasalsosparkedgreaterinterestandenthusiasmamongtheChinesepeopleforscientificresearchandliteraturecreationTheAchievementsofChineseLiteratureNobelLaureates:GaoXingjian'sworkshavebeentranslatedintomultiplelanguagesandarehighlyregulatedintheinternationalliterarycommunityMoYan'snovel"RedSorghum"won'tbethe1992InternationalIMPACDublinLiteraryAward,andhisotherworkshavealsobeentranslatedandpublishedworldwideTheContributionsofChinesePhysicsNobelLaureates:TheresearchofChenNingYangandTsungDaoLeeonpartyviolenceinweakinteractionshashadapotentialimpactonparticlephysicsandnuclearphysicsTheirworkhasalsobeenhighlyrecognizedintheinternationalphysicscommunityThemainachievementsandcontributionsofChineseNobellaureatesChina'sFutureProspectsintheFieldofNobelPrizesIncreasingInvestmentinScientificResearch:Withthegovernment'sincreasinginvestmentinscientificresearch,moreresourcesareavailableforresearcherstoconductcuttingedgeresearchThisprovidesagoodopportunityforChinatomakemoresignificantcontributionstoscienceandliteratureinthefuturePromotionofCulturalExchange:WiththedeepeningofculturalexchangebetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld,thereisgreaterunderstandingandrecognitionofChinesecultureandliteratureabroadThiswillresourcemoreChinesepeopletoparticipateininternationalculturalexchangeandcompetition,whichmayleadtomoreNobelPrizeachievementsinthefutureCHAPTER05TheControlandCriticismoftheNobelPrizePrejudiceintheselectionprocessTheNobelPrizeselectioncommitteehasbeenusedoffavoringcandidatesfromWesterncountriesandoverlookingdesigningcandidatesfromotherregionsThisisbelievedtobearesultofculturalandpoliticalbiaseswithinthecommitteeLakeoftransparencyTheNobelPrizeselectionprocessisnotfullytransparent,leadingtospecificationandRumorsaboutthemotivesbehindtheawardsThislakeoftransparencyhasraisedquestionsaboutthecredibilityoftheNobelPrizePredictandcontrastintheselectionoftheNobelPriceTheNobelPriceinLiteraturehasbeenaspecifictargetofCriticismduetoallocatedsexualandmoralscandalsinvolvingsomewinnersThishasraisedconcernsaboutthecredibilityoftheawardandtheresponsibilityoftheNobelCommitteetoholdhighstandardsCriticismoftheliteratureawardThelakeofdiversityamongNobelPrizewinnershasbeenalongstandingcriticismTheunderrepresentationofcandidatesfromceriumregions,ethicalgroups,orfieldshasbeenattributedtovariousfactorssuchashistoricaldiscrimination,culturalbiases,ortheslowspaceofscientificadvancementinceriumcommunitiesDiversityissuesTheChallengesandCriticismFacedbytheNobelPriceHowtheNobelPriceResponsestoGovernanceandCriticismTheNobelFoundationhasmadeeffortstoincreasetransparencyintheselectionprocess,includingpublishingthenamesofnitratorsandlaureatesandprovidingmoreinformationabouttheselectionprocessIncrementaltransparencyThere