2023-2024学年陕西省汉中市高三上学期第三次联考英语试题(解析版)

PAGEPAGE3陕西省汉中市2023-2024学年高三上学期第三次联考英语试题第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)略第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ADaveWilliamsonShortStoryCompetitionByManitobaWriters’GuildTheManitobaWriters’GuildwasstartedinAugust1981atAubigny,Manitoba,asagrassrootsorganizationforandofManitobawriters.OurannualDaveWilliamsonShortStoryCompetitionsopentowritersacrossManitoba.Weactivelyencouragesubmissionsfromthosewhoare18+yearsofage.PrizesTopprize:$1,000CAD9runners-up:$500CAD9honorablementions:PublicationAllworksfrom10prizewinnersand9honorablementionwinnerswillbepublishedinane-bookcollectionbytheManitobaWriters’Guild.Proceedsfromthesaleofthee-bookwillbeusedtosupportfutureManitobaWriters’Guildwritingcompetitions.Winnerswillbeannouncedviae-mailafewweeksafterthecontestdeadline.EntryEntryisfreeofchargetoallwriters.However,writerslookingtoimprovetheirwritingmaychoosetopurchaseanassessedentry($10CAD).Withthisoption,youwillreceiveaGoogledocumentwithcommentsandsuggestionsonhowtoimproveyourwritingonasentencelevel,aswellasapersonale-mailguidingyouingrowingasawriter.RulesFollowalltherulescarefullytoavoidbeingdisqualified.◆Writebetween2,500and5,000wordsandsubmitonlyyouroriginal,unpublishedwork.◆Yoursubmissionwillincludeacoveringletterthatcontainsyourname,address,telephonenumber,andbirthdate.◆Weareacceptingonlye-mailsubmissionsforthiscontest.Pleasemakesurethefileissentasa.pdf,.doc/.docxor.txtdocument.◆ThedeadlinetosubmityourwritingisDecember19,2023.1.Whoisthecompetitionorganizedfor?A.Universitystudents. B.LocalwritersinManitoba.C.Middleschoolstudents. D.WritingenthusiastsinCanada.2.Whatdoweknowaboutthehonorablementionwinners?A.Theycanreceiveacashprize. B.Theyaregivenguidanceonwriting.C.Theycanhavetheirentriespublished. D.Theyarefreetodownloade-books.3.Whichofthefollowingwillresultindisqualification?A.Postingyourwritingbyexpressdelivery. B.SendingyourentryonDecember18,2023.C.Typingoutastoryof4,500words. D.E-mailingyourentryasa.pdfdocument.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了DaveWilliamson短篇小说大赛的相关情况。【答案】1.B2.C3.A1．【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“OurannualDaveWilliamsonShortStoryCompetitionsopentowritersacrossManitoba.Weactivelyencouragesubmissionsfromthosewhoare18+yearsofage.(我们的年度戴夫·威廉姆森短篇小说比赛对Manitoba的作家开放。我们积极鼓励那些年满18岁的人提交作品。)”可知，比赛是为Manitoba的当地作家组织的。故选B。2．【解析】细节理解题。根据Prizes部分“Allworksfrom10prizewinnersand9honorablementionwinnerswillbepublishedinane-bookcollectionbytheManitobaWriters’Guild.(Manitoba作家协会将出版10位获奖者和9位荣誉奖获得者的所有作品的电子书集。)”可知，荣誉奖获得者的参赛作品可以被发表。故选C。3．【解析】细节理解题。根据Rules部分“Weareacceptingonlye-mailsubmissionsforthiscontest.(我们只接受此竞赛的电子邮件提交。)”可知，用快递寄你的文章会导致取消资格。故选A。BWhenImentionedtosomefriendsthatweallhaveaccents,mostofthemproudlyreplied,“Well,IspeakperfectEnglish/Chinese/etc.”Butthiskindofmissesthepoint.Moreoftenthannot,whatwemeanwhenwesaysomeone“hasanaccent”isthattheiraccentisdifferentfromthelocalone,orthatpronunciationsaredifferentfromourown.Butthisdefinitionofaccentsislimitingandcouldgiverisetoprejudice.Funnilyenough,intermsofthelanguagestudy,everypersonspeakswithanaccent.Itistheregulardifferencesinhowweproducesoundsthatdefineouraccents.Evenifyoudon’thearityourself,youspeakwithsomesortofaccent.Inthissense,it’spointlesstopointoutthatsomeone“hasanaccent”.Wealldo!Everypersonspeaksadialect,too.Inthefieldoflanguagestudy,adialectisaversionofalanguagethatischaracterizedbyitsvariationsofstructure,phrasesandwords.Forinstance,“Yougoteatornot?”(meaning“Haveyoueaten?”)isanacceptableandunderstoodquestioninSingaporeOralEnglish.ThefactthatthisexpressionwouldcauseastandardAmericanEnglishspeakertotakepausedoesn’tmeanthatSingaporeOralEnglishis“wrong”or“ungrammatical”.Thesentenceiswell-formedandclearlycommunicative,accordingtonativeSingaporeEnglishspeakers’solidsystemofgrammar.Whyshoulditbewrongjustbecauseit’sdifferent?Weneedtomovebeyondanarrowconceptionofaccentsanddialects—forthebenefitofeveryone.Languagedifferencesliketheseprovideinsightsintopeople’sculturalexperiencesandbackgrounds.Inaglobalage,thewayonespeaksisadistinctpartofone’sidentity.Mostpeoplewouldbehappytotalkabouttheculturesbehindtheirspeech.We’dlearnmoreabouttheworldweliveinandmakefriendsalongtheway.4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhis/herfriends’responseinParagraph1?A.Itreflectstheirself-confidence. B.Itreflectstheirlanguagelevels.C.Itmissestherealmeaningofaccents. D.Itshowsthattheyaregoodlearners.5.WhydoestheauthorusetheexampleofSingaporeOralEnglish?A.ToshowdifferentlanguagesinSingapore. B.Tocorrectagrammaticalmistake.C.Toshowatraditionalapproach. D.Tojustifytheuseofdialects.6.Whatdoestheauthorrecommendustodointhelastparagraph?A.Appreciatethevalueofaccentsanddialects. B.Travelallovertheworld.C.LookforaccentsinChina. D.Distinguishourlocallanguagesfromothers’.7.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsaccent?A.Negative. B.Favourable. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了语言差异的意义，提倡我们要欣赏口音和方言的价值。【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B4．【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“WhenImentionedtosomefriendsthatweallhaveaccents,mostofthemproudlyreplied,“Well,IspeakperfectEnglish/Chinese/etc.”Butthiskindofmissesthepoint.(当我向一些朋友提到我们都有口音时，他们中的大多数人都自豪地回答说：“好吧，我的英语/汉语等都说得很好。”但这种说法没有切中要害。)”可知，作者认为他/她的朋友忽略了口音的真正含义。故选C。5．【解析】推理判断题。根据第三自然段中“Thesentenceiswell-formedandclearlycommunicative,accordingtonativeSingaporeEnglishspeakers’solidsystemofgrammar.Whyshoulditbewrongjustbecauseit’sdifferent?(根据新加坡英语使用者扎实的语法体系，这个句子结构良好，沟通清晰。为什么仅仅因为它不同就应该是错误的？)”可知，作者认为不能因为它不同就认为它是错的。所以作者使用新加坡口语的例子是在为使用方言进行辩护。故选D。6．【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Languagedifferencesliketheseprovideinsightsintopeople’sculturalexperiencesandbackgrounds.Inaglobalage,thewayonespeaksisadistinctpartofone’sidentity.Mostpeoplewouldbehappytotalkabouttheculturesbehindtheirspeech.We’dlearnmoreabouttheworldweliveinandmakefriendsalongtheway.(像这样的语言差异可以洞察人们的文化经历和背景。在一个全球化的时代，一个人说话的方式是一个人身份的一个独特部分。大多数人都乐于谈论他们演讲背后的文化。我们会更多地了解我们生活的世界，并在这一过程中结交朋友。)”可知，作者在最后一段中建议我们欣赏口音和方言的价值，这样我们可以更好了解我们的世界，交更多的朋友。故选A。7．【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Languagedifferencesliketheseprovideinsightsintopeople’sculturalexperiencesandbackgrounds.Inaglobalage,thewayonespeaksisadistinctpartofone’sidentity.Mostpeoplewouldbehappytotalkabouttheculturesbehindtheirspeech.We’dlearnmoreabouttheworldweliveinandmakefriendsalongtheway.(像这样的语言差异可以洞察人们的文化经历和背景。在一个全球化的时代，一个人说话的方式是一个人身份的一个独特部分。大多数人都乐于谈论他们演讲背后的文化。我们会更多地了解我们生活的世界，并在这一过程中结交朋友。)”可推知，作者建议我们欣赏口音和方言的价值，故他对方言的态度是支持的。故选B。CDesertification(沙漠化)isacoursethathascausedmuchconcernoverthepastfewyearsandit’samajorproblemfortheancientlandofEgypt,where96%ofthecountry’slandisdesert.Sowhyisitthat—ifyoudroveacar10mileswestoftheSuezCanal—youwouldseealargenumberofforestsoutlinedagainsttheorangesandandblueskyoftheSahara?TheSerapiumForestistherichestofEgypt’s36areasthatmakeupaprogramtofightdesertificationbycreatingsustainablymanagedcommercialforestsfedcompletelybywastewater.The500-mileforestisonlyashortdistancefromthe400,000peoplelivingintheEgyptiancityofIsmailia,whoproducemillionsoftonsofwastewatereveryyear.Afteradozen-milejourneytotheSerapiumForest,thewastewateristhenstoredundergroundwhereoxygenisfedintospeedupthebacterialpurificationprocess.Asystemofpipesthenspreadsthewastewaterthroughouttheforest.Andhumanwastewaterisstillrichinchemicalsevenafterbeingtreated.Thegovernment’seffort,calledtheNationalProgramforSafeUseofTreatedSewageWaterforAfforestationisgoingalongwaytowardachievingthecountry’sgoalsvoicedinthe1992UNRioconferenceonclimatechange.TheresearchwassupportedbyForestFinance,aGermancompanythathasalreadyplantednear-naturalforestsinPanamaandVietnamtohelpthosecountrieswiththeirdevelopmentandwildlifeprotection.ForestFinancewantstoincreasethenumberofspeciesgrowninSerapiumbyincludingaforestonthesite.Thatway,thebiodiversityofthecommercialforestwouldbeabletosupportagreaternumberofspecies,andhopefullybringinmoneyaswell.AlthoughtheSerapiumForestfacesalotofdifficulties,it’sstillgrowing—a500-acregreenwalltojointheothersintheworldinpreventingthesandsoftheworld’sdesertsfromspreading.8.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheSerapiumForest?A.ItwasbuiltbythepeopleofIsmailia. B.Itisindangerofbeingdestroyed.C.Itwasplantedtofightclimatechange. D.ItisthesmallestforestinEgypt.9.Whatdoestheauthortrytotalkaboutinthefourthparagraph?A.ThewayofusingwastewatertofeedtheSerapiumForest.B.Theinfluenceofgreenspaceoncities.C.Thevalueofthenewly-foundedSerapiumForest.D.Thepreparationforthegovernmentsettinguptheprogram.10.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutForestFinance’sSerapiumplan?A.Itraisesseriousdoubts. B.Ithasbeengoingsmoothly.C.Itencouragesthegovernmenttotakeaction. D.Itwillbringgreatbenefits.11.Wherecanyoureadthepassage?A.Inadiary. B.Inanaturemagazine.C.Inanovel. D.Inamathbook.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了埃及SerapiumForest项目用废水在埃及沙漠中种植森林的意义。【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.B8．【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“TheSerapiumForestistherichestofEgypt’s36areasthatmakeupaprogramtofightdesertificationbycreatingsustainablymanagedcommercialforestsfedcompletelybywastewater.(Serapium森林是埃及36个地区中最富饶的一个，这些地区组成了一个项目，通过建立完全由废水喂养的可持续管理的商业森林来对抗荒漠化)”可知，建立SerapiumForest的目的是防止土地沙漠化、改善生态环境。故选C。9．【解析】主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Afteradozen-milejourneytotheSerapiumForest,thewastewateristhenstoredundergroundwhereoxygenisfedintospeedupthebacterialpurificationprocess.Asystemofpipesthenspreadsthewastewaterthroughouttheforest.Andhumanwastewaterisstillrichinchemicalsevenafterbeingtreated.(经过十几英里的路程到达Serapium森林后，废水被储存在地下，在那里供氧以加速细菌净化过程。然后，一个管道系统将废水输送到整个森林)”可知，该段主要介绍了人们是如何利用废水来浇灌SerapiumForest的。故选A。10．【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“ForestFinancewantstoincreasethenumberofspeciesgrowninSerapiumbyincludingaforestonthesite.Thatway,thebiodiversityofthecommercialforestwouldbeabletosupportagreaternumberofspecies,andhopefullybringinmoneyaswell.(ForestFinance希望通过在该地点包括一片森林来增加Serapium种植的物种数量。这样，商业森林的生物多样性就能养活更多的物种，也有望带来收入)”可知，ForestFinance的Serapium计划将会在保护环境的同时为当地人带来收益。故选D。11．【解析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是文章第三段中“TheSerapiumForestistherichestofEgypt’s36areasthatmakeupaprogramtofightdesertificationbycreatingsustainablymanagedcommercialforestsfedcompletelybywastewater.(Serapium森林是埃及36个地区中最富饶的一个，这些地区组成了一个项目，通过建立完全由废水喂养的可持续管理的商业森林来对抗荒漠化)”可知，本文主要介绍了埃及SerapiumForest项目用废水在埃及沙漠中种植森林的意义，故这篇文章因该是能在自然杂志上看到。故选B。DWhenyouwalkwithabackpack,doyouknowhowthethingsinsidemovefromsidetoside?Nowscientistshavefiguredouthowtotapintothatmovementtoproduceelectricity.Pictureapendulum(摆锤)fixedtoabackpackframeandstabilizedwithspringsoneitherside.Thepack’sweightisattachedtothependulum,sothependulumswingssidetosideasyouwalk.Thenamachineisdrivenbythatswingingmovement,andproduceselectricalcurrenttochargeabattery.VolunteerscarriedthepackwhilewalkingonarunningmachineandworemaskstomeasuretheflowofO2andCO2.Whenthevolunteerswerewalkingwiththeslightlyswinging20-poundload,thedevicedidnotsignificantlyaffecttheirmetabolic(新陈代谢的)ratecomparedtowhentheycarriedthesameweightfixedinplace.Infact,theenergy-harvestingpackreducedtheforcesofaccelerationthey’dfeelinaregularpack,whichmightmeangreatercomfortforalonghike.Andthedevicedidproduceasteadytrickle(涓流)ofelectricity.Ifyouuptheloadto45pounds,itcouldfullychargeasmartphoneonlyafter12hours.ThedetailsareinthejournalRoyalSocietyOpenScience.Thedeviceproduceselectricityfromhumanmovementandhasbeenidentifiedasaworkablesolutiontoprovidingarenewableenergysourceforportableelectronicdevices.Itisparticularlyusefultothosewhoworkinremoteareas,asthesepeopleoftencarryalotofweightinabackpackfortheirexploration.Buthere’sarealconundrum:theenergy-harvestingdevicecurrentlyweighsfivepounds.Theresearcherssaythat’saboutfourpoundstoomanytobeasmartalternativetobatteries.Sotheyhopethatmoreresearchletsthemlightentheloadsothattheycanensurethepackchargesyourphoneupwithoutweighingyoudown.12.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Whatthedevicelookslike. B.Howthedeviceworks.C.Whothedeviceisdesignedfor. D.Whyscientistsdesignedthedevice.13.WhatcanweknowaboutthedevicefromParagraph3?A.Itwasuselessforalongwalk.B.Itfailedtoproducesteadyelectricity.C.RoyalSocietyOpenScienceconductedthestudyofthedevice.D.Itharvestedenergyasthevolunteerswalked.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conundrum”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Problem. B.Bond.C.Decision. D.Method.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.FindingSmarterAlternativestoBatteriesB.TheDevelopmentofBackpacksC.ChargingBatteriesWhenCarryingBackpacksD.SearchingforNewWaystoChargeYourPhone【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以用来发电的背包，介绍了其工作原理以及存在的问题。【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.C12．【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Pictureapendulum(摆锤)fixedtoabackpackframeandstabilizedwithspringsoneitherside.Thepack’sweightisattachedtothependulum,sothependulumswingssidetosideasyouwalk.Thenamachineisdrivenbythatswingingmovement,andproduceselectricalcurrenttochargeabattery.(想象一个钟摆固定在背包框架上，两边都有弹簧来稳定。背包的重量与钟摆相连，所以当你走路时钟摆会左右摆动。然后，由摆动运动驱动机器，产生电流给电池充电)”可知，第二段主要讲了该设备的工作原理。故选B项。13．【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Whenthevolunteerswerewalkingwiththeslightlyswinging20-poundload,thedevicedidnotsignificantlyaffecttheirmetabolic(新陈代谢的)ratecomparedtowhentheycarriedthesameweightfixedinplace.Infact,theenergy-harvestingpackreducedtheforcesofaccelerationthey’dfeelinaregularpack,whichmightmeangreatercomfortforalonghike.Andthedevicedidproduceasteadytrickle(涓流)ofelectricity.(当志愿者带着20磅的负重轻微摆动时，与固定负重时相比，该设备对他们的代谢率没有显著影响。事实上，能量收集包减少了他们在普通背包中感受到的加速度，这可能意味着长距离徒步旅行更舒适。而且这个装置确实产生了稳定的电流)”可知，这个设备在志愿者行走时收集能量。故选D项。14．【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线词后“theenergy-harvestingdevicecurrentlyweighsfivepounds.Theresearcherssaythat’saboutfourpoundstoomanytobeasmartalternativetobatteries.Sotheyhopethatmoreresearchletsthemlightentheloadsothattheycanensurethepackchargesyourphoneupwithoutweighingyoudown.(能量收集装置目前重达五磅。研究人员说，大约四磅太多了，不能成为电池的明智替代品。因此，他们希望更多的研究能减轻他们的负担，这样他们就可以确保电池组为你的手机充电而不会给你带来负担。)”可知，下文说的是这个装置的不足之处：太重了，需要改进。由此推知，conundrum指的“不足”，与problem同义。故选A项。15．【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Whenyouwalkwithabackpack,doyouknowhowthethingsinsidemovefromsidetoside?Nowscientistshavefiguredouthowtotapintothatmovementtoproduceelectricity.(当你背着背包走路时，你知道里面的东西是如何左右移动的吗？现在科学家们已经找到了如何利用这种运动来发电的方法)”可知，文章主要介绍了一种可以用来发电的背包，介绍了工作原理以及存在的问题。所以“背背包时给电池充电”是文章最佳标题。故选C项。第二节(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。It’snormalforfriendstoexperienceconflict,disagreements,andevenfight.Youcan’talwaysagreeoneverything.Mosttimesconflictwithafriendiseasilysolved.Butinsomecases,thedisagreementandtheconflictgrowleadingtoanger,sadnessandeventheendofafriendship.Learningtohandletheconflictwithfriendsinahealthywayisbeneficialforbothsides.___16___.Calmdown.Thefirstthingistocalmdown.___17___.Preventfurtherdamagetotherelationshipbytakingamomenttocalmdown.Getsomealonetime.Tellyourfriendthatyouneedamomenttoclearyourhead.Youcaneithergoforawalkorjusttakeawarmbath.___18___.Itmayfeelasifithelpsyouexplainyourconcernsmorethoroughlyifyoubringinrelatedexamplesfrompastevents.Avoidthisatallcosts.Pastissuesfordiscussiononlymakethingsworse.Rememberit’simportanttofocusontheissueathand,notpastevents.Worktowardsacompromise.Unfortunately,somepeoplebelievethatacompromisemeansa“lose/losesituation”becauseeachpersonhastogiveupsomething.Whilethisistrue,everyhealthyrelationshipusuallyinvolvescompromiseandadjustingtoothers’needsorwants.___19___.Just“givealittle”toallowyourfriendto“getalittle”.Becarefulofunhealthyfriendships.It’sgenerallyagoodideatoworkthroughconflictswithfriends.Butitisn’tinyourbestinterestifthefriendshipcausesmoreharmthangood.___20___,youneedtore-evaluateifthisfriendshipisworthkeepingandconsiderwhentowalkaway.A.IttakestwotomakeitworkB.Inaheatedsituation,it’seasytosayordothingswelaterregretC.AvoidexplainingyourconcernsrepeatedlyD.RemainonthecurrentmatterE.HerearesometipsF.It’simportanttosurroundyourselfwithpeoplewhopositivelyinfluenceyourlifeG.Ifyouareinafriendshipthatisbasedmoreonconflictoryouaretheonealwaysapologizing【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了四种处理与朋友之间冲突的正确方法。【答案】16.E17.B18.D19.A20.G16．【解析】上文“Learningtohandletheconflictwithfriendsinahealthywayisbeneficialforbothsides.(学会以一种健康的方式处理与朋友的冲突对双方都有益)”提示下文要讲的是处理朋友间的冲突的健康方法，因此E项“这里有一些建议”概括本文主旨，故选E。17．【解析】下文“Preventfurtherdamagetotherelationshipbytakingamomenttocalmdown.(花点时间冷静下来，以免进一步损害你们的关系)”说明可能造成损害关系的行为，与空格处是因果关系，因此B项“在紧张的情况下，很容易说出或做一些让我们后来后悔的话”符合语境，故选B。18．【解析】下文“Rememberit’simportanttofocusontheissueathand,notpastevents.(记住，关注眼前的问题很重要，而不是过去的事件。)”说明本段主旨是关注眼前的问题，因此D项“保持在当前的问题上”能够概括本段主旨，故选D。19．【解析】上文“Whilethisistrue,everyhealthyrelationshipusuallyinvolvescompromiseandadjustingtoothers’needsorwants(虽然这是真的，但每一段健康的关系通常都包括妥协和适应他人的需求或愿望)”说明健康的关系需要双方的妥协，因此A项“需要两个人才能成功”符合语境，与空格处是因果关系，故选A。20．【解析】下文“youneedtore-evaluateifthisfriendshipisworthkeepingandconsiderwhentowalkaway(你需要重新评估这段友谊是否值得保持，并考虑何时离开)”说明这种友谊是不合理的，是不健康的，是下文“重新评估这段友谊”的条件，因此G项“如果你的友谊更多地建立在冲突的基础上，或者你是那个总是道歉的人”符合语境，故选G。第三部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Tidyingyourdesk,wateringyourplants,foldingclothes—thesehouseholdchoresarehardlytheheightofpleasure.ButIoftenfindmyself____21____thesetasks.IfI’mstuckinwriter’sblockwithadeadline____22____,I’llhavetoclearupthepapersplacedaroundmyoffice—andit’sthemost____23____Ifeelallday.I’mnot____24____inthis.Aswefacedthestresses,manypeoplereportedfindingnewinterestin____25____theirhomesasawayofdoingwithuncertainty.Therearemanypotentialmechanisms(机制)thatcanexplainthe____26____fromthesetasksandtheirbenefits—thesemayencourageyouto____27____theselittlejobsmoreoften.Littlechoresmaybeusefulbecausethey____28____themind,leadingustodevotefewerresourcestothethingsthat____29____us.Evenifwestrugglewithactivitiesthataremeanttohelpusrelax,wemayfindhouseholdtaskscanhelpus_____30_____thehereandnow.Butthisdependsonwhereweplaceour_____31_____.Inoneofthefewstudiesto_____32_____thementalhealthbenefitsofwashingthedishes,researchersdividedfifty-one_____33_____intotwogroups.Halfreadatextthatencouragedthemto_____34_____focustheirthoughtsontheactivity.Whilewashingthedishes,oneshouldbecompletely_____35_____ofthefactthatoneiswashingthedishes.The_____36_____arenotencouragedtoonlyfocustheirawarenessontheactivity.Afterwards,theparticipantstookaquestionnaireabouttheir_____37_____.Thosewhohadengagedwiththeexperiencereporteda_____38_____mood.Thisincluded_____39_____nervousness.Theyfeltlessanxious.Thesimpleactivityhad_____40_____theirminds.21.A.ignoring B.refusing C.avoiding D.enjoying22.A.closing B.disappearing C.approaching D.passing23.A.nervous B.relaxed C.disappointed D.uncomfortable24.A.alone B.scientific C.fit D.gifted25.A.givingup B.lookingafter C.turningoff D.cuttingdown26.A.pressure B.argument C.sickness D.pleasure27.A.cutoff B.engagein C.turnon D.putoff28.A.hurt B.pollute C.occupy D.challenge29.A.bother B.interest C.delight D.forgive30.A.invent B.appreciate C.misunderstand D.complain31.A.focus B.medal C.fault D.technology32.A.form B.deny C.simplify D.examine33.A.dishes B.counties C.participants D.tasks34.A.entirely B.hardly C.bravely D.suddenly35.A.afraid B.proud C.angry D.aware36.A.rest B.poor C.old D.young37.A.books B.hobbies C.feelings D.habits38.A.worse B.better C.lower D.unhealthier39.A.protecting B.increasing C.copying D.reducing40.A.trapped B.refreshed C.attacked D.exhausted【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是整理办公桌、浇花、叠衣服这些家务事对改善人的情绪有益。【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.A25.B26.D27.B28.C29.A30.B31.A32.D33.C34.A35.D36.A37.C38.B39.D40.B21．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我经常发现自己喜欢这些任务。A.ignoring忽视；B.refusing拒绝；C.avoiding避免；D.enjoying享受，喜欢。根据上文“thesehouseholdchoresarehardlytheheightofpleasure.”和“But”可知，作者是很享受做家务的。故选D。22．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果截稿日期临近，我陷入了写作的瓶颈，我就得清理办公室周围的文件——这是我一天中最放松的时候。A.closing关闭；B.disappearing消失；C.approaching接近；D.passing通过。根据上文“stuckinwriter’sblockwithadeadline”可知，此处表示截稿日期临近。故选C。23．【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.nervous紧张的；B.relaxed感到放松的；C.disappointed感到失望的；D.uncomfortable不舒服的。根据上文“ButIoftenfindmyself________thesetasks.”可知，当截稿日期临近时，作者觉得清理办公室周围的文件可以让作者放松，所以作者是喜欢做些这种清理东西的小任务的。故选B。24．【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我并不是独自一人。A.alone独自的；B.scientific科学的；C.fit适合的；D.gifted有天赋的。根据下文“Aswefacedthestresses,manypeoplereportedfindingnewinterestin________theirhomesasawayofdoingwithuncertainty.”可知，作者并不是靠做些小任务来放松的唯一的人，也就是作者并不是一个人。故选A。25．【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我们面对压力时，许多人报告说，他们对照顾自己的家产生了新的兴趣，这是一种应对不确定性的方式。A.givingup放弃；B.lookingafter照顾；C.turningoff关闭；D.cuttingdown砍到，削减。根据第一段的“Tidyingyourdesk,wateringyourplants,foldingclothes-thesehouseholdchores”和空后的“theirhomes”可知，此处是指人们通过做些家务来照顾自己的家。故选B。26．【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有许多潜在的机制可以解释从这些任务中获得的乐趣和它们的好处——这些可能会鼓励你更频繁地从事这些小工作。A.pressure压力；B.argument争论；C.sickness疾病；D.pleasure快乐。根据上文“thesehouseholdchoresarehardlytheheightofpleasure.ButIoftenfindmyself_______thesetasks.”可知，作者认为从这些任务中能获得快乐。故选D。27．【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A.cutoff切断；B.engagein从事，参与；C.turnon打开；D.putoff推迟。根据上文“Therearemanypotentialmechanisms(机制)thatcanexplainthe______fromthesetasksandtheirbenefits”可知，获得的快乐可能会鼓励你更频繁地从事这些小任务。故选B。28．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：小杂务可能是有用的，因为它们占据了我们的思想，使我们把更少的资源投入到那些让我们烦恼的事情上。A.hurt使受伤；B.pollute污染；C.occupy占据；D.challenge挑战。根据下文“leadingustodevotefewerresourcestothethingsthat_____us.”可知，一些小杂务会占据我们的思想。故选C。29．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.bother打扰；B.interest使感兴趣；C.delight使高兴；D.forgive原谅。根据上文“leadingustodevotefewerresourcestothethings”可知，当我们做一些占据我们思想的小杂务时，我们会把更少的资源投入到困扰我们的事情上，空格处意为“打扰，烦扰”。故选A。30．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使我们对那些旨在帮助我们放松的活动感到挣扎，我们可能会发现家务可以帮助我们欣赏此时此地。A.invent发明；B.appreciate欣赏，感激；C.misunderstand误解；D.complain抱怨。根据上文“Evenifwestrugglewithactivitiesthataremeanttohelpusrelax”中的evenif可知，上下文是转折关系，空处应该选择感情色彩比较好的词，appreciate“欣赏”符合题意。故选B。31．【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这取决于我们把重点放在哪里。A.focus中心点，重点；B.medal奖章，勋章；C.fault失误；D.technology科技。根据“Halfreadatextthatencouragedthemto_______focustheirthoughtsontheactivity.”可知，接下来的实验要说明人们把重点摆放的地方和杂务对他们的影响的关系，因此此处表示“这取决于我们把重点放在哪里”。故选A。32．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在为数不多的几项调查洗碗对心理健康益处的研究中，研究人员将51名参与者分为两组。A.form形成；B.deny否认；C.simplify使简化；D.examine检查。根据“thementalhealthbenefitsofwashingthedishes”可知，研究是为了调查洗碗对心理健康益处。故选D。33．【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.dishes盘子，一道菜；B.counties县；C.participants参与者；D.tasks任务。根据下文“Afterwards,theparticipantstookaquestionnaire”可知，此处是信息词“participants”的词汇复现。故选C。34．【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：其中一半人读了一篇鼓励他们把注意力完全集中在活动上的文章。A.entirely完全地；B.hardly几乎不；C.bravely勇敢地；D.suddenly突然。根据下文“oneshouldbecompletely________ofthefactthatoneiswashingthedishes.”可知，此处表示“其中一半人读了一篇鼓励他们把注意力完全集中在活动上的文章”。故选A。35．【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在洗碗的时候，一个人应该完全意识到自己在洗碗。A.afraid害怕的；B.proud骄傲的；C.angry生气的；D.aware意识到的。根据上文“Halfreadatextthatencouragedthemto________focustheirthoughtsontheactivity.”可知，此处表示人们要完全意识到自己在洗碗。故选D。36．【解析】考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：不鼓励其他人只把他们的意识集中在活动上。A.rest剩余的（人或事物）；B.poor贫穷的；C.old老的；D.young年轻的。根据“Halfreadatextthat…”可知，此处指剩下的一半参与者。故选A。37．【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：之后，参与者填写了一份关于他们感受的问卷。A.books书；B.hobbies爱好；C.feelings感情；D.habits习惯。根据下文“Thosewhohadengagedwiththeexperiencereporteda________mood.Thisincluded_______nervousness.Theyfeltlessanxious.”可知，参与者被要求填写一份关于他们感受的问卷。故选C。38．【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那些参与体验的人报告说心情更好。A.worse更差的；B.better更好的；C.lower更低的；D.unhealthier更不健康的。根据下文“Thisincluded_______nervousness.Theyfeltlessanxious.”可知，参与者的心情变得更好了。故选B。39．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这包括减少紧张。A.protecting保护；B.increasing增长；C.copying复制；D.reducing减少。根据上文“Thosewhohadengagedwiththeexperiencereporteda_______mood.”和“nervousness”可知，参与者的情绪更好了，所以是紧张减少了。故选D。40．【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个简单的活动使他们精神振奋。A.trapped困住；B.refreshed刷新，使恢复精力；C.attacked攻击；D.exhausted使筋疲力尽。根据上文“Thisincluded______nervousness.Theyfeltlessanxious.”可知，简单的活动让他们感觉减少了紧张和焦虑，也就是说好像这些活动使他们头脑焕然一新，因此空格处是refreshed。故选B。第二节语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。FujianTulouisauniquelarge-scalerammedearth(夯土)residentialbuildinginamountainousarea,aswellasamasterpieceofcreativearchitecture.Tulou___41___(show)areasonablelayout(布局),forittakesadvantageofthesmallflatlandinthemountainsskillfully,___42___followstheconceptoftraditionalChinesearchitecturaldesign.Tulouhasdiverse___43___(style)ofshape.Thesquarebuilding,roundbuildingandwufengbuildingarethethreemostcommonpatterns.___44___them,theroundbuilding’sventilation(通风),lighting,anti-typhoonandearthquake,aswellasthedefensefunctionisthebest.The___45___(special)styleisthelargecircularbuildingwhichisfiveorsixfloorshigh.Therearebuildingsinthebuilding,andtheoutsidebui