2022届广东省广州市高三年级上册12月阶段训练英语试卷（解析版）

广东省广州市2022届高三上学期12月阶段训练

英语试卷

一、阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

阅读理解

Smokejumpers

Everyyear,wildfiresdestroymillionsofhectaresofforest.Homesaredamaged,andthousandsof

peopledie.Smokejumpersarehelpingtostopthis.

Whatisasmokejumper?

Smokejumpersareaspecialtypeoffirefighter.Theyjumpfromplanesintoareasthataredifficultto

reachbycaroronfoot,likethemiddleofamountainforest.Theyracetoputoutfiresasfastastheycan.

Whatdosmokejumpersdo?

Atafiresite,smokejumpersfirstexaminethelandanddecidehowtofightthefire.Theirmaingoalisto

stopafirefromspreading.Usingbasicequipmentsuchasshovelsandaxes,smokejumpersclearlandof

burnablemateriallikeplantsandotherdrymaterial.Theycarrywaterwiththemtoo,butonlyalimited

amount.

Whocanbeasmokejumper?

Althoughthemajorityofsmokejumpersaremen,morewomenarejoining.Mostimportantareyour

heightandweight.SmokejumpersemployedintheU.S.,forexample,mustbe120to200pounds(54to91

kilograms),sotheydon'tgethurtwhentheyland,orgetblownbystrongwinds.Smokejumpersmustalsobe

capableofsurvivinginthewildness.

Theworkisdangerous,andthehoursarelong.Butforthesefirefighters,smokejumpingisn*tjustan

occupation.Theylovebeingabletojumpoutofplanes,fightfires,andliveintheforest.As28-year-old

smokejumperBobSmithsays,"Thisisthebestjobfortoughguys."

1.Whatisthefirstthingasmokejumperdoesafterarrivingatafiresite?

A.Cleartheland.B.Studythearea.

C.Lookforwater.D.Putoutthefire.

2.Ifyouwanttobeasmokejumper,youmustbe.

A.maleB.withinacertainweightrange

C.abletoflyaplaneD.olderthan28yearsofage

3.Fromwhichwebsitewouldyoumostprobablyfindthistext?

A.B.

C.D.

阅读理解

Underthefirstfullmoonoftheyear,musicloversinNorwaysitonseatsmadeoficeandcoveredwith

animalskins.Onafrozenstage,musiciansinfurryhatsandcoatsplayinstrumentscarvedfromice!This

showistheIceMusicFestival,theonlyconcertintheworldofitskind.Thiscoolideabeganin1999,when

musicianTeijeIsungsetplayedmusicinsideafrozenwaterfall.Theamazingsoundsthatheheardledhimto

startusingiceasamusicalinstrument.Isungsetspentyearsexperimentingwithiceinstruments.Themorehe

learned,themoreexcitedhebecame.Afteryearsoftrialanderror,hewasreadytostarttheIceMusic

Festivalin2016.

Topreparethefrozeninstruments,Isungsethuntsforthebestnaturalsourcesofice.Hetestseachsource

oficebycuttingoutapiece,tappingitwithhisfinger,andlisteningtothesounditproduces.Experiencetells

himwhethertheicewillmakeagoodinstrument.Heprefersnottousehuman-madeice,becausehebelieves

frozenlakewatersoundsbetter.Thismaybesupportedbyscience.Scientistshavenoticedthatnaturalice

hasfewerbubbles（气泡）,whichcouldleadtoaclearersound.

Oncetheicehasbeensourced,professionalicecarversusetoolstocreateinstruments.Theycarve

everythingfromsaxophonestoxylophones.Thecarversoftenchangethelookoftheinstruments,which

helpsthemproducespecial,evenunique,sounds.Eachyear,thegoalofthefestivalistochallengemusicians

tomakecreativemusicwhenplayingtheseone-of-a-kindiceinstruments.

Playingthefrozeninstrumentsisachallenge.Eachperformancesurprisesboththemusiciansandthe

audience.Aftertheconcertisover,Isungsetjokesthatthemusicianswilldrinktheirinstruments.Actually,

theyjustleavetheirstageandinstrumentsbehind,givingitallbacktonature.

4.WhatinspiredIsungsetrsinterestinicemusic?

A.Learningtoplayaniceinstrument.

B・AttendingthefirstIceMusicFestival.

C.Playingmusicinafrozenenvironment.

D.Experimentingwithfrozeninstruments.

5.HowdoesIsungsetchoosethebestice?

A.Bytestingthesoundthatitmakes.

B.Byreferringtoscientificexplanations.

C.Bycomparingthesourcesoficepieces.

D.Bycheckingthenumberofbubblesithas.

6.Whatisthebiggestchallengefacedbyicemusicmusicians?

A.Playinginsuchcoldweather.

B・Gettingridoftheirinstruments.

C.Selectingtheirinstruments1look.

D.Predictingtheirinstruments*sounds.

7.What'sthepurposeofthetext?

A.TopromotethetalentsofTegeIsungset.

B.Toreviewarecently-heldmusicfestival.

C.Tointroduceanewandoriginaltypeofmusic.

D.ToencouragepeopletojoinintheIceMusicFestival.

阅读理解

Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark

in1995.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.By2007,theYellowstonewolf

populationhadgrowntomorethan170.

GraywolvesonceroamedthroughouttheYellowstonearea.Buttheyweregraduallydisplacedby

humandevelopmentandhuntedbyfarmersforkillinglivestock（牲畜）.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpractically

disappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheymovedfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,where

therewaslesscontactwithhumans.

Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyconsequences.Deerpopulations—amajorfoodsourcefor

thewolf—grewrapidlywithouttheirusualenemy.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation,

whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyote（小野狼）populationsalsogrew

quickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark*sredfoxes.

Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvesintoYellowstone,

hopingthattheywouldbeabletocontrolthedeerandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplan,

worryingthatwolveswouldkilltheirlivestockorpets.Otherpeoplefearedthatthewolveswouldnotbe

well-protectedinYellowstone.

Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.Theyincluded

manycompromisestohelppeopleacceptthewolves'presence.Forexample,theypromisedtopayfarmers

forlivestockkilledbywolves.

TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolvesinYellowstone.Certain

wolveswearspecialcollarstohelpbiologistsgatherinformationabouthowthewolveslive,hunt,and

reproduce.Eachyearthewolfpopulationiscounted.

Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Deerandcoyote

populationsaredown,whileredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeena

valuableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryas

well.

8.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Whygraywolvesbecameadangertofarmers.

B.WhatgraywolvespreferredaboutlivinginCanada.

C.Howgraywolveswereforcedoutoftheiroriginalhomes.

D.WhengraywolvesweregraduallyreintroducedtoYellowstone.

9.Howisparagraph3developed?

A.Bymakingcomparisons.B.Byexplainingcauseandeffect.

C.Bylistingeventsintimeorder.D.Byusingstatisticsandexamples.

10.WhydidbiologistssuggestthereintroductionofwolvesintoYellowstone?

A.Toreducethepark'splantdiversity.

B・Toprotectthewolvesfromdyingout.

C.Tocontrolthelocallivestockproblem.

D.Tolimitthedeerandcoyotepopulations.

11.Whichstatementbestsummarizesthewriter'sviewpoint?

A.WolvesareanimportantpartofAmericannationalparks.

B.Yellowstone'swolfreintroductionprogramwasamistake.

C.Thegovernmentshouldberesponsibleforreintroducingwolves.

D.Yellowstone^wolfprogramhasbenefitedthewolvesandthepark.

阅读理解

Babiesappeartoknowhowtohelpthoseinneed,accordingtoresearcherswhostudiedsignsofaltruism

inalmost100children.

Researcherswhowantedtoseewhetherchildrenwouldgiveuptheirfoodtoastrangerwithout

encouragementfoundthekidsdidjustthat—evenwhentheywerehungry.

Thescientistsrecruited9619-month-oldchildren.Duringtheexperiments,achildandaresearchersat

acrossfromeachother.Inthecontrolgroupofthefirstsetofexperiments,researchersthrewapieceoffruit

ontoaplatewheretheycouldn'treach,butthechildcould.Theythenwaited.Incontrast,researchersinthe

testgrouppretendedtodropthefruitontheplate,thentriedandfailedtoreachit.Thissignaledtothechild

thattheadultwantedthefood.

Amongthecontrolgroup,only4percentofthechildrengavethepieceoffruittotheresearchers,

comparedwith58percent,oroverhalf,inthetestgroup.

Next,theteamexploredifchildrenwouldstillbegenerouswhenitwasatacosttothemselves.Thefirst

setofexperimentswasrepeatedwithaseparategroupofkidsbeforetheirlunchtime,whentheywerelikely

tobehungry.Similarly,37percentofthetestgrouphandedovertheirfruit,comparedwithnoneinthe

controlgroup.

Theexperimentswererepeatedfourtimes.Researchersgotsimilarresultseachtime.Babieswith

siblings（兄弟姐妹）andbabiesfromLatinoorAsianfamiliessharedmoreofthefruit,theteamalsofound.

CarterMorgan,leadprofessorofthestudy,said,*'Weoftenthinkofbabiesasselfish.Butherewefind

thattheyarewillingtohelpothersevenwhenitcomesatsome*cost'totheself."

Addressingwhychildrenwithsiblingsorfromcertainculturalbackgroundsweremorelikelytoshare

theirfruit,Morgansaid,"Webelievethispartlyreflectswhatsocialpsychologistscall'interdependence1,

whichstressesontheimportanceofinterpersonalconnectionsandadjustingtoothers.Thesesocial

experiencesthatshapeattitudestowardssharingappeartohaveaneffectveryearlyinlife."

12.Theunderlinedword"altruism"mostprobablymeans.

A.generosityB.creativityC.friendlinessD.confidence

13.Whatcanbeinferredabout19-monlh-oldbabies?

A.Theyknowwhentohavelunch.

B.Theyunderstandsignalsforhelp.

C.Theycanclassifydifferentfruits.

D.Theycanexpresstheirneedsfreely.

14.Whichgraphbestexplainsthefindingsoftheexperiments?

B.•testgroup2

controlgroup1

controlgroup2

58W

«*I

4~~~controlgroup.

4~~~、

c.4

ioitestgroup

s"

withWingswthoutsiblings

610*0»45ft

--testflroup—controlgroupathesecondsetthefirstset

15.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Attitudestowardssharingchangegreatlyaspeoplegetolder.

B.Babiesfromfamilieswithanonlychildarenotwillingtoshare.

C.It'seasiertocontrolbabies1selfishdesireswhentheyarehungry.

D.Socialexperiencesplayaroleinaffectingbabies*behaviorofsharing.

二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Areyousittingmorethanever?16.You'reprobablysittingwhilereadingthis.Sometimes

yousitwhenyouaredrivingorattendingameeting.Othertimesyousitwhenyouengageyourselfin

watchingamovieorplayingcomputergames.That'sundoubtedlyalotofsitting.Thefactis,theamountof

timespentsittinghasincreasedovertime.17.

Weknowsittingtoomuchisbad,andmostofusnaturallyfeelalittleguiltyafteralong-timeTV

watching.18.Astudyonnearly8,000adultssuggeststhatthere'sadirectrelationshipbetween

thetimespentsittingandourriskofearlydeathofanycause.Asthetotalsittingtimeincreases,sodoesthe

riskofearlydeath.

nSitless,movemore**iswhattheHeartAssociationencouragesustodo.19.Itislike

tellingsomeonetojust"exercise"withouttellingthemhow.Exerciseguidelinesarealwaysmorepractical.

Forexample,theCenterforDiseaseControlrecommendsadultsdoexercisefortwohoursand30minutes

everyweek,plusmusclestrengtheningactivitiestwoormoredaysaweek.Weneedsimilarguidelinesfor

sitting.

20."Itwouldprobablybelike,forevery30continuousminutesofsitting,standupand

moveorwalkforfiveminutesataquickpace,"Diaz,theleadresearchersaid,addingthatthestudyhasput

usastepclosertothesatisfyingguidelines.Butmoreresearchesareneededtoconfirmtheirapproach.

A.Nowit'stimetogetupandmovearound.

B.Takeamomenttothinkaboutyoursittingactivities.

C.Healthexpertsalsosuggestexercisingonadailybasis.

D.Butthisguidelineisjusttoosimpleandabstracttomakeadifference.

E.Asoftoday,averageadultwillspend56-86%oftheirdailytimesitting.

F.Butwhatexactlygoeswrongwhenweparkourselvesfornearlyeighthoursperday?

G.Tomakeupfortheweakness,aresearchteamisworkingonamorespecificguideline.

三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Themorninghadbeenadisaster.Mytoothwasachingwhilemydentistwasonholiday,andI'dbeenin

a/an21.withafriend.Herwordsstillhurt,"Youneverputyourselfinmyplace.Can'tyouseethings

frommypointofview?”Ishookmyheadandfeltthe22,inmytooth.Itwasreally23.I

startedcallingthedentistsinthephonebook,butnoonecouldseemeimmediately.24.atabout

lunchtime,Igotlucky.

"Ifyou25.rightnow,"thereceptionistsaid,"thedentistwillfityouin."

Irushedouttomycar.ButsuddenlyIbeganto26.aboutthedentist.Whatkindofdentistwould

besoeagerto27.someoneatsuchshortnotice?Whywasn'theas28,astheothers?

WhileIwasinthedentist'soffice,IsawnothingbuttheemptywallsandIbecameevenmore__

29..Theassistant30.mynervousnessandplacedherwarmhandovermyice-coldone.

WhenItoldhermyfears,shelaughed,"Don'tworry.Thedentistisverygood.Justliedownand___

31..Andenjoytheartwork.*'

"Theartwork?"'11was32.

Thechairwentback,andsuddenlyIsmiled.Therewasabeautifulpicture,rightwhereIcouldenjoyit:

onthe33..How34.thedentistwas!Atthatmoment,I35.whatmyfriendmeant.

21.A.discussionB,argumentC.negotiationD.meeting

22.A.warningB.bitternessC.painD.danger

23.A.impossibleB.irresistibleC.unreasonableD.unbearable

24.A.BesidesB.FinallyC.LatelyD.Therefore

25.A.comeoverB.passonC.showoffD.settledown

26.A.doubtB.careC.learnD.talk

27.A.believeB.contactC.treatD.visit

28.A.proudB.busyC.skilledD.careful

29.A.eagerB.confidentC.curiousD.worried

30.A.noticedB.examinedC.ignoredD.reduced

31.A.paintB.relaxC.sleepD.smile

32.A.annoyedB.frightenedC.embarrassedD.confused

33.A.wallB.doorC.ceilingD.floor

34.A.considerateB.imaginativeC.professionalD.patient

35.A.heardB.rememberedC.understoodD.valued

四、语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Theskyscraper(摩天大楼)becamethestandarddesignofamodern,globalcityinthe20thcentury.So

muchsothatbytheendoflastcentury,centersofmanybigcitiesaroundtheworldbegan_

36.(look)alike.

Asweenteredthe21stcentury,manydesignersbegantoask37.(they):Isthis_

38.wewantourcitiestolook?Mustourcitiesgiveuptheirindividualidentitiestobecomemodern?

Some39.(architect)haverespondedtothesequestionsbyincorporatingtraditional

designelementsintotheirskyscrapers.Othersarereturning40.localtraditionsand,often,local

materials.

InChina,internationallyfamousarchitectWangShuwantstobringabreathoffreshairtomodern

design.HeiscreatingdesignsinwhichmodernconcreteandChinesetraditionalbuildingpracticescoexist.

TraditionalChinesebuildings,41.(include)homes,oftenhavegreenspacesontheinside.

WangsaysthatthemostimportantthingforChinesepeopleis"livinginsome42.(peace)

placewithtrees,water,andyourfamilytogether."Hekeepsthisideainmindandreusesoldmaterialsinhis

newbuildings.Somebuildingscontain43.(recycle)bricksandtilesfromconstructions

that44.(build)hundredsofyearsago.Wangbelievesthisiswhatgives_

45.buildingitsspiritandmakesitfeelalive.

五、写作(共两节，满分40分)

46.为迎接一年一度的重阳节，学校英文报举办以"关爱老人"为主题的征文比赛。请写一篇英语短文

参赛，包括以下要点：

1)重阳节的意义；

2)如何关爱老人；

3)期望与呼吁。

注意：

1)写作词数应为80左右；

2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Lovetheelderly

47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Twothingschangedmylife:mymotherandabikebasket.It'strue.Iwouldbeadifferentpersonifmy

momhadn'tturnedabikebasketintoalifelessonIcarrywithmetoday-Alessonaboutthevalueof

efforts.

Mymotherandfatherwereunitedintheirwayofraisingchildren,butitmostlyfelltomymotherto

actuallycarryitout.Lookingback,Ihonestlydon*tknowhowshedidit.Managingthefamilybudgetmust

havebeenaveryhardtask,butshemadeitlookeffortless.Ifwecomplainedaboutnothavingwhatother

kidsdid,we'dhearsomethinglike,"Idon'tcarewhatso-and-sogotforhisbirthday,youarenotgettingaTV

inyourroomorabigparty."Wehadtoearnourallowance（零用钱）bydoingchores（家务）aroundthehouse.

Icanstillrememberhowlongittooktopolishthelegsofourcoffeetable.Mybrotherscannodoubt

rememberhoursspentcleaningthehouse.Wehadtokeeptrackofourbelongings,andifsomethingwaslost,

itwasnotreplaced.

Itwasonesummerday.Mymotherdrovemetothebikeshoptogetatirefixed—andthereitwasin

thewindow——white,shiny,plasticanddecoratedwithflowers.ThebasketwinkedatmeandIknew——I

knew-1hadtohaveit.

“It'sbeautiful/mymothersaidwhenIpointeditouttoher,“Whataneatbasket.n

Itriedtoholdoffatfirst,butthenIcouldn'tstanditanylonger."Mom,pleasecanIgetit?I'lldoextra

choresforaslongasyousay.I'lldoanything,butIlovethatbasket.Please,Mom,please?"Iwasdesperate.

"Youknow,'*shesaid,gentlyrubbingmybackwhilewebothstaredatwhatIbelievedwasthecoolest

thingever,HIfyousaveupyoucouldbuythisyourself."

"BythetimeIearnenoughit'llbegone!Someoneelsewillbuyit.Please,Mom,please?1'

"Theremightbeanotherway,”shesaid.

注意：

1）续写词数应为150左右；

2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

"PHbuyitnowbutyouonlygetitafter3weeksofdoublechores/1Momexplained.

Finally,Igotmydreambasket,butsoonIsadlyfoundthesamebasketonothers*bikes!

答案解析部分

【答案】1.B

2.B

3.A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了Smokejumpers(空降灭火消防员)的工作以及成为空降

灭火消防员的条件。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉

细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

1.考查细节理解。根据Whatdosmokejumpersdo?部分中的“Atafiresite,smokejumpersfirstexamine

thelandanddecidehowtofightthefire.”在着火地点，空降灭火消防员首先查看地形，然后决定怎样灭

火。可知，空降灭火消防员在到达着火地点后，首先要做的是分析研究地形。故选B。

2.考查细节理解。根据Whocanbeasmokejumper?部分中的“Mostimportantareyourheightandweight.

SmokejumpersemployedintheU.S.,forexample,mustbe120to200pounds(54to91kilograms),sothey

don'tgethurtwhentheyland”重要的因素是你的身高和体重。在美国被雇佣的空降灭火消防员必须在

120-200磅，即：54—91公斤，以便于你不被强风刮走，或者着陆后受伤。可知，要成为空降灭火

消防员，身高和体重必须达到一定的范围。故选B。

3.考查推理判断。根据第一段中“Smokejumpersarchelpingtostopthis.“阻止火灾发生的是空降灭火消

防员可知，本文在讲空降灭火消防员的职业，因此要在职业种类的网站上去浏览。故选A。

【答案】4.C

5.A

6.D

7.C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，本文介绍了挪威的冰音乐节以及发展的历史。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和写作意图三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考

生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选

出正确答案。

4.考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Thiscoolideabeganin1999,whenmusicianTeijeIsungsetplayed

musicinsideafrozenwaterfall.Theamazingsoundsthatheheardledhimtostartusingiceasamusical

instrument."这个很酷的想法始于1999年，当时音乐家TeijeIsungset在冰冻的瀑布中演奏音乐。他

听到的惊人声音使他开始使用冰作为乐器。故选Co

5.考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Topreparethefrozeninstruments,Isungsethuntsforthebestnatural

sourcesofice.Hetestseachsourceoficebycuttingoutapiece,tappingitwithhisfinger,andlisteningto

thesounditproduces.Experiencetellshimwhethertheicewillmakeagoodinstrument.“为了准备冷冻仪

器，伊松塞特寻找最好的天然冰源。他通过切下一块来测试每个冰源，用手指敲击它，然后听它发出

的声音。经验告诉他，冰是否能成为好乐器。故选A。

6.考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Eachyear,thegoalofthefestivalistochallengemusicianstomake

creativemusicwhenplayingtheseone-of-a-kindiceinstruments.“每年，音乐节的目标都是挑战音乐家在

演奏这些独一无二的冰乐器时制作创意音乐。故选D。

7.考查写作意图。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了一种新的和原创的音乐类型——冰音乐，故选C。

【答案】8.C

9.B

10.D

11.D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了多年争论后灰狼被重新引进到黄石国家公园，这样做保持

了当地的生态平衡。也为生物学家以后在其他地方重新引进狼群提供了借鉴。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考

生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选

出正确答案。

8.考查段落大意。根据第二段“GraywolvesonceroamedthroughouttheYellowstonearea.Buttheywere

graduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopmentandhuntedbyfarmersforkillinglivestock（牲畜）.Bythe1920s,

wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.Theymovedfarthernorthintothedeepforests

ofCanada,wheretherewaslesscontactwithhumans.”灰狼曾经在整个黄石地区漫游。但他们逐渐被人类

发展所取代，被农民猎杀牲畜。到1920年代，狼实际上已经从黄石地区消失了。他们向北移动到加

拿大的深处，那里与人类的接触较少。可知第二段介绍了灰狼是如何被迫离开它们的家园黄石地区的。

故选C。

9.考查推理判断。根据第三段“Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyconsequences.Deerpopulations

—amajorfoodsourceforthewolf—grewrapidlywithouttheirusualenemy.Theseanimalsconsumed

largeamountsofvegetation,whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyote（小野

狼）populationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes.“狼的消失带

来了许多后果。鹿种群——狼的主要食物来源一在没有通常的敌人的情况下迅速增长。这些动物消

耗了大量的植被，从而降低了公园内的植物多样性。在没有狼的情况下，小野狼的数量也迅速增长。

小野狼杀死了公园里大部分的赤狐。可知第三段解释了造成结果的原因，故选B。

10.考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsider

reintroducingwolvesintoYellowstone,hopingthattheywouldbeabletocontrolthedeerandcoyote

problems”早在1966年，生物学家就要求政府考虑将狼重新引入黄石公园，希望它们能够控制鹿和

小野狼的问题。故选D。

11.考查推理判断，根据最后一段中的"TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimentto

helpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.”黄石狼项目一直

是一项有价值的实验，可帮助生物学家决定是否将狼也重新引入该国其他地区。可推知黄石的狼计划

使狼群和公园受益。故选D。

【答案】12.A

13.B

14.A

15.D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明婴儿似乎知道如何帮助有需要的人。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考

生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选

出正确答案。

12.考查词义猜测。根据第一段“Babiesappeartoknowhowtohelpthoseinneed,accordingtoresearchers

whostudiedsignsofaltruisminalmost100children.”据研究了近100名儿童利他主义迹象的研究人员

称，婴儿似乎知道如何帮助有需要的人；以及“Researcherswhowantedtoseewhetherchildrenwouldgive

uptheirfoodtoastrangerwithoutencouragementfoundthekidsdidjustthat—evenwhentheywere

hungry.”想看看孩子们是否会在没有鼓励的情况下将食物交给陌生人的研究人员发现，孩子们就是这

样做的——即使他们饿了。可推知altruism是“利他/无私）的行为”，故选A。

13.考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Incontrast,researchersinthetestgrouppretendedtodropthefruiton

theplate,thentriedandfailedtoreachit.Thissignaledtothechildthattheadultwantedthefbod.”相比之下,

测试组的研究人员假装将水果掉在盘子上，然后尝试并没有拿到。这向孩子发出了成年人想要食物的

信号；以及第四段“Amongthecontrolgroup,only4percentofthechildrengavethepieceoffruittothe

researchers,comparedwith58percent,oroverhalf,inthetestgroup.”在对照组中,只有4%的孩子将水

果给了研究人员，而在测试组中，这一比例为58%,或超过一半。可推知他们能理解求助信号。故选

Bo

14.考查推理判断。根据第四段“Amongthecontrolgroup,only4percentofthechildrengavethepieceof

fruittotheresearchers,comparedwith58percent,oroverhalf,inthetestgroup.”在对照组中，只有4%的

孩子将水果给了研究人员，而在测试组中，这一比例为58%,或超过一半；以及第五段“Next,theteam

exploredifchildrenwouldstillbegenerouswhenitwasatacosttothemselves.Thefirstsetofexperiments

wasrepeatedwithaseparategroupofkidsbeforetheirlunchtime,whentheywerelikelytobehungry.

Similarly,37percentofthetestgrouphandedovertheirfruit,comparedwithnoneinthecontrolgroup.”接下

来，该团队探索了孩子们在付出代价时是否仍然会慷慨。第一组实验在午餐时间之前对另一组孩子重

复，当时他们可能饿了。同样，37%的测试组交出了他们的水果，而对照组则没有。可知选A。

15.考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Thesesocialexperiencesthatshapeattitudestowardssharingappear

tohaveaneffectveryearlyinlife.”这些社会塑造分享态度的经历似乎在生命的早期就产生了影响。故选

Do

【答案】16・B；17.E；18.F；19.D；20.G

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了久坐对健康的影响，建议人们走动起来。

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇健康类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文

的理解和推理判断能力。

16.根据空前“Areyousittingmorethanever?”你坐得比以往任何时候都多吗？；以及空后“You're

probablysittingwhilereadingthis.Sometimesyousitwhenyouaredrivingorattendingameeting.Other

timesyousitwhenyouengageyourselfinwatchingamovieorplayingcomputergames.That'sundoubtedly

alotofsitting.”您可能正在坐着阅读本文。有时您在开车或参加会议时会坐着。其他时候，你会坐着

看电影或玩电脑游戏。这无疑是坐了很多。可知此处要介绍人们坐着的时刻，B.Takeamomenttothink

aboutyoursittingactivities.“花点时间想想你的坐姿活动。”承上启下，符合语境，故选B。

17.根据空前“Thefactis,theamountoftimespentsittinghasincreasedovertime.''事实上，坐着的时间随

着时间的推移而增加。可知此处列举人们坐的时间长短，E.Asoftoday,averageadultwillspend56-86%

oftheirdailytimesi