2018年全国英语竞赛《B类英语专业》初赛试题及答案

2018年全国英语竞赛《B类英语专业》初赛试题及答案

［单选题］1.There'sagoodantiquesmarket)here

Sundays.

A.over

B.by

C.in

D.on

参考答案：D

参考解析：句意：每到星期日，这里就会有很好的古玩市场。表示“在周

几”，即星期前用介词。n。故正确答案为D。

［单选题］2.Ican'twithracialprejudiceofanyform.

A.puton

B.putup

C.putdown

D.putin

参考答案：B

参考解析：句意：我受不了任何形式的种族歧视。putupwith属于固定搭配，

意为“忍受；容忍”，符合句意。puton穿上；增加。putdown放下；贬低。

putin提出；提交。故正确答案为B。

［单选题］3.Thethievesthepapersallovertheroomwhilethey

weresearchingforthediamondring.

A.spread

B.scratched

C.scattered

D.burned

参考答案：C

参考解析：句意：小偷们寻找钻戒的时候，把文件扔得满地都是。spread传

播；伸展。scratched受抓损的；有刮痕。scattered分散的；散乱的。burned

焦头烂额；遍体鳞伤。由于scattered最为符合句意，故正确答案为C。

［单选题］4.Itisfromtheearliesttimeshumanshavestudiedthe

worldaroundthemwithinterest.

A.which

B.where

C.that

D.how

参考答案：C

参考解析：句意：从最早的时代开始，人类就带着兴趣研究世界了。本题考查

强调句式Itis(was)+被强调的部分+that(who)+原句其他部分。故正确答案

为Co

［单选题］5.Withoutadoubt,thekeyissueinthePresidentJs

campaign.

A.taxationisgoingtobe

B.isgoingtaxationtobe

C.isgoingtobetaxation

D.istaxationgoingtobe

参考答案：A

参考解析：句意:毫无疑问，税收将是总统竞选的关键问题。withoutadoubt

在句子中做状语，keyissue为表语，句子缺主语和谓语。故正确答案为A。

［单选题］6.ThespellingsofmanyoldEnglishwordshavebeenin

thelivinglanguage,althoughtheirpronunciationshavechanged.

A.exdivacted

B.preserved

C.revised

D.improved

参考答案：B

参考解析：句意：许多古英语单词的拼写被保留在现存语言中，尽管它们的发

音已经改变。extracted萃取的；引出的。preserved保藏的；腌制的。

revised修改；校对。improved改进；改良的。根据句意，preserved最为符

合。故正确答案为B。

［单选题］7.chooseto1iveinornearmedivopolitanareassimply

becausetheyliketherapidpaceofcitylife.

A.Largenumbersofpeople

B.Solargenumbersofpeopleto

C.Therearelargenumbersofpeople

D.Largenumbersofpeoplewho

参考答案：A

参考解析：句意：许多人选择住在或临近大城市，仅仅是因为他们喜欢城市的

快节奏生活。because引导原因状语从句，主句中有谓语choose,缺少主语，

故正确答案为A。

［单选题］8.Inscientificinquiry,itbecomesamatterofdutyto

exposeahypothesistoeverypossiblekindofexamination.

A.debadiv

B.well-established

C.tentative

D.logical

参考答案：C

参考解析：句意：在科学探究中，在所有可能的实验中提出试探性假说是一种

责任。debatable成问题的；可争议的。well-established得到确认的；固定

下来的。tentative试验性的；暂定的。logical合理的；条理分明的。根据题

意，tentative最为符合，故正确答案为C。

［单选题］9.TheresultsoftheexperimentsperformedbyElizabethand

Rachelwereinthattheynotonlychallengedoldassumptions

butcalledtheprevailingmethodologyintoquestion.

A.predicdiv

B.inconclusive

C.impractical

D.provocative

参考答案：D

参考解析：句意：伊丽莎白和雷切尔所做的实验的结果是挑衅性的，因为他们

不仅挑战了旧的假设，还对现行的方法提出了怀疑。predictable可预言的。

inconclusive不确定的；非决定性的。impractical不切实际的；不能实行

的。provocative刺激的；挑拨的。根据句意可知，provocative最为符合。故

正确答案为D。

［单选题］10.downthanthetelephonerang.

A.Notuntilhelay

B.Nosoonerhadhelain

C.Hardlyhehadlain

D.Scarcelydidhelie

参考答案：B

参考解析：句意:他刚躺卜，电话就响了。本题考查倒装句。nosooner,not

only,(butalso),notuntil…等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首，句子用

部分倒装。根据句意可知，nosooner,即“刚……就……”最为符合逻辑，故

正确答案为B。

［单选题］11.AccordingtothepsychoanalystSigmundFreud,wisdomcomes

fromtheofmaturity.

A.approach

B.achievement

C.appearance

D.production

参考答案：B

参考解析：句意：根据精神分析学家西格蒙德•弗洛伊德的说法，智慧来自于

变得成熟。approach方法；途径。achievement成就；完成。appearance外

貌；外观。production成果；产品。故正确答案为B。

［单选题］12.Well,tocontinue,,thereisalsoresearchthat

demonsdivatesthatindividualsperformworse,notbetter,ontasks

whenotherpeoplearethere.

A.asImentionedearlier

B.asisknowntoall

C.astimepassed

D.asyoucanimagine

参考答案：A

参考解析：句意：那么，我接着说，正如我之前提到的，也有研究表明，当其

他人在做同一份工作时，他们的表现会更糟，而不是更好。根据句意可知，as

Imentionedearlier最为符合，故正确答案为A。

［单选题］13.—Hello.YoumustbeLen.I'mBill,Kate,shusband.

—Oh,hello,Bill.Nicetomeetyou.Thanksforinvitingme.

—You'rewelcome.KateandIthoughtitwasabouttimewehadaget-

togetherandmeteachotherJsworkcolleagues.Katetellsme.

一Yes.I'vebeenthereaboutforonlyamonth.KateJsbeenvery

helpful,showingmetheropes.

A.you'vesetupanewcompany

B.you'revisitingourcompany

C.you'vejustjoinedthecompany

D.you'rehavingagoodtimeinthecompany

参考答案：C

参考解析：句意:——你好，你就是Len吧。我是Bill,Kate的丈夫。——

哦，你好，Billo很高兴见到你。谢谢你邀请了我。一一不客气。Kate认为现

在是时候聚在一起然后会见大家各自的同事了。Kate说你是公司新来的？-

是的，我才入职一个月。Kate很乐于助人，简直是我的救命稻草。根据下文的

"I'vebeenthereaboutforonlyamonth.v可知，正确答案为C。

［单选题］14.—Whatseemstobetheproblem?

—Well,actually,it'smyson.He'shadafeversinceWednesdayand

he'sbeenthrowingup.He'spickedupabittodaybuthe'sstill

undertheweather.

—Mm.Hecouldhavethebugthat'sgoingaround.Pophimonthediv

andr11.

A.takehistemperature

B.givehimafewpills

C.calmhimdownabit

D.givehimacheckup

参考答案：D

参考解析：句意：一一有什么问题吗?一一实际上，是我儿子生病了。他从星期

三开始发烧，一直呕吐。他今天稍微好些了，但还是不舒服。一一他可能真的

有点病症。把他放在桌子上，我去给他检查一下。根据句意可知，医生还不确

定是什么病症，应该先检查以下，D选项最为符合逻辑。故正确答案为D。

［单选题］15.—OK.Here'rethedepartures.What?sourflightnumber

again?

—It'sMU909.TheboardingpasssaysitleavesfromGateB-12.

—Let'ssee,MU909,GateB-12.Thereitis.Oh,no!TheflightJs

beendelayed.Itwon'tleaveuntil9:19!And.

-Nine-nineteen!That'sthreehoursfromnow!Whatarewegoingto

dowiththethreehours?

A.weneedtocheckourbaggage

B.thegate'sbeenchangedtoC-9

C.Ican'tfindmyboardingpass

D.let'sgothroughthesecuritycheck

参考答案：B

参考解析：句意：一一好。这里就是出境口。再说一遍我们的航班是多少？一

一是MU909。登机牌说登机口是B-12。——我看看，MU909,登机口B-12。就在

那。天呐！航班延误了。要到9:19才起飞！而且登机口改到C-9了。一一

9:19!离现在还有3个小时！我们这三个小时要怎么打发？根据对话上下文可

知，B选项最为符合逻辑。故正确答案为B。

［问答题］1.SectionA(5marks)

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Remembertowritethe

answersontheanswersheet.

Accordingtoarecentsurveyofcooperateexecutives,over83

percentofsmall-to-mid-sizebusinessesintheUnitedStatesoverseas

expansionastheirtoppriority.Theprioritythatbusinesses

throughouttheworldplaceonglobalexpansionhighlightstheneed

forcross-culturalunderstandingatalllevels.Understandingother

culturesenablespeopletodemonsdivaterespect—thefoundationof

everygood,lastingrelationship.Plus,itcanhelpavoid

miscommunication,whichcanbebothfinanciallyandprofessionally

damagingtoindividualsandorganizations.

参考答案：根据最近一项对美国企业高管的调查可知，83%以上的美国中小

企业把向海外拓展列为首要任务。各国企业优先重视海外拓展，突显了对各个

层面跨文化理解的需求。理解其他文化能让人们彰显尊重的态度，而这正是建

立各种持久、良好关系的基石。止匕外，它可以有助避免误解，而误解有损个人

和公司的经济效益和事业发展。

参考解析：本题考查的翻译要点有：①cooperate在此处意为“公司”，

executives意为"高管"，即对"企业高管"的调查。②smal『to-mid-size

businesses不译为“小公司和中型公司”，而是译为“中小企业”更符合中文

习惯。③overseasexpansion和后面的globalexpansion同义，均指“向海外

发展业务”，可以同译为“海外拓展”。④priority在句子中作名词，意为

“优先权”，翻译时可以改为形容词，修饰“发展”。⑤demonstrate

respect,即“展示尊重”，可以译为“彰显……的态度”。⑥最后一句的定语

从句，which指代前面的误解，故翻译从句时可以重复，使句子更容易翻译。

［问答题］2.SectionB(10marks)

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoEnglishbyusingthehints

giveninbrackets.Remembertowritetheanswersontheanswersheet.

77.当你养了宠物，毫无疑问，你就得去照料一个完全依赖于你的生命。这

个生命将生死都交于你，仅凭这点你就会变得更有责任感。你需要随时随地关

注它，这也将提升你处理其他任务的能力。78.养宠物得法会让人更具责任意

识，主人的付出与关爱程度势必反映在其喂养的宠物身上。养宠物需要倾注大

量的时间。79.养宠物最大的好处之一是让你明白任何生命都是有所需求的。而

且这些需求应该被关照。你会更懂养育之道且更富同情心，而这些变化也极有

可能反映到你生活的其他方面。80.很多了不起的父母同时也很擅于养宠物，这

绝非巧合，因为他们懂得体贴关爱其周边的生命。世间没有永恒之物，无论人

还是动物都有生有死，明白这一点非常重要。81.一生中养过多个宠物的人，能

更好地处理各类情感考验，在面对失去的情感时，也会更加坚韧。

参考答案：77.Whenyoukeep/raiseapet,youwill,withoutadoubt,

havetotakecareofacreaturewhoselifewilldependentirelyon

you.

【分析】①出现“当……”时，就要使用时间状语从句，用when引导。②“毫

无疑问”可以译为withoutadoubt,在句中做状语。③“照料"：takecare

of0④“完全依赖于你的生命”可以用定语从句翻译，whose指代前面的

creature,即宠物。

78.Effectivelykeeping/raisingapetmakesapersonmoreresponsible,

andtheownerJslevelofcommitmentandcarewillinevitablybe

shownontheirpet.

【分析】①“得法”即指养宠物养的方法恰当，使用副词effectively修饰即

可。②“让人更……”即makesb.more+adj.③“付出和关爱”，即

commitmentandcare。④"势必"，可以译为副词inevitably,修饰动词“反

映”。

79.Oneofthebiggestbenefitsofkeepingapetisthatyouwill

understandthatalllivingbeingshaveneedsandthattheseneeds

havetobetakencareof.

【分析】本题有两个句子，可以灵活地用并列宾语从句的方式将其合并。

80.Itisbynomeansacoincidencethatmanygreatparentsarealso

goodatkeepingpetsbecausetheyknowhowtoshowcareandlovefor

thelivingcreaturesaroundthem.

【分析】①“绝非”可译为bynomeans,用it's引导做形式主语。“巧

合"：coincidenceo②擅于做某事，即goodatsth.0

81.Peoplewhohaveownedseveralpetsduringtheirlifetimecan

betterdealwithemotionaltrialsandbetterendureemotionallosses

intheirlives.

【分析】①“养宠物”除了keep和raise外，也可以使用动词own。②“情感

考验”，即emotionaltrialso③“更加坚韧”，即“更能忍受失去”，可以

译为endurelosses。

［问答题］3.Rearrangethemuddledlettersincapitalstomakeaproper

word.Theanswerwillcompletethesentencesensibly.

Exaae:ABEZARananimalmthsnipes.ZEBRA

AbeeorwaspGNISTispainfUl..

参考答案：STING

参考解析：根据题目的提示，斑马的英文是zebra,是有条纹的动物；故蜜蜂或

黄蜂“蛰”一下很疼，将打乱的字母组合成sting,表示“蛰”。

［问答题］4.Thealphabethasbeenwrittenouttohelpyou.

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

PutthelettersinthewordSPECIALinalphabeticalorder.

参考答案：ACEILPS

参考解析：题目已经给出了字母表，只需将单词SPECIAL按单词表的前后顺序

重新排列组合即可。A是第一个，所以将字母A放在最前面，然后依次是C、

E、I、L、P、So

［问答题］5.Herearesomesymbolcodesforfourwords.Matchtheright

codetothewordWARY.

BOOTBROWTKAYWARY

?Q-X55?PQ-XQ5£

___

参考答案：£+Q=

参考解析：上面给出的四个单词分别对应下面的几个符号组合，同时一个字母

对应一个符号。根据推算，可知字母A对应符号+,字母W对应符号£,字母R

对应符号Q,字母Y对应符号=,字母B对应符号X,字母。对应符号5,字母

T对应符号？。故WARY对应的符号组合应当是£+Q=。

［问答题］6.Changethefirstwordintothelastword,bychangingone

letteratatimeandmakinganew,differentwordinthemiddle.

PALMCALF

参考答案：CALM

参考解析：根据题意，每次只能改变单词里的一个字母。由第一个单词PALM和

最后一个单词CALF可知，改的字母是P和M。故推测首先将P改为了C,组成

新单词CALM,意为“冷静的”。

［问答题］7.Fillinthecrosswordssothatallthegivenwordsare

included.Youhavebeengivenoneletterasaclueinthecrossword.

SHARDSTIFFFIXEDSNOWSINDIA

参考解析：题目中左下角的已经限定为字母F,所以最后一排只能填F开头的单

词FIXED,同样以此推测，第一列为F结尾的单词STIFF,最后一列为D结尾的

单词SHARD。所以第一排只能填SNOWS,第二排填INDIA。

［问答题］8.SectionA(10marks)

Startyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthen

commentonHowtoPrepareforaRace.WriteatleastlOOwordsonthe

answersheet.

参考答案：【参考范文】

HowtoPrepareforaRaceFromthepicture,wecanseetheathletesare

dashingtothefinishline.Italsoremindsusthatit'simproperto

justgotothestartinglineandbegintorunwithoutpreparingfor

therace.Ifyouasksomeprofessionalathletes,theywilltellyou

thattheyalwayspreparebeforecompeting.Howtoprepareforarace?

Youshouldwarmupandstretchyourmuscles.Withoutwarmingup

properly,youmayinjureyourselflikepullingamuscleor

tendon.It'salwaysrighttostartwarmingupatleastfortyminutes

beforetherace.Allathletesusuallywarmupundertheguidanceof

coachatthestadiumwheretheyaregoingtocompeteorinanearby

stadiumwhichissetforwarmingup.

参考解析：本篇范文首先在开头描述照片中的情境，随后点出在比赛前热身的

重要性，再以专业运动员总是会热身来加强说服力。然后，文章指出赛前准备

包括热身和拉伸肌肉，并说明，如果不热身，可能会在比赛中受伤。热身的时

间应当至少为40分钟。最后末尾再次以运动员为例，说明准备比赛前要热身。

［问答题］9.SectionB(20marks)

Writeonthefollowingtopic.

TheNationalBureauofStatisticshasrecentlyreleasedthelatest

dataonpropertypricesin70bigandmedium-sizedcities.Theprices

ofnewhousesin11keycities,includingBeijing,Shanghai,and

Shenzhen,haveallfallenslightlysincelastyear.Thatistosay,

housingpriceshavehopefullybeentamed.

Readtheabovesentences.Howdoyouunderstandthisphenomenon?Write

anessayofnolessthanl60wordsontheanswersheettoexpressyour

personalviewsontheissue.

参考答案：【参考范文】

It'sgoodtoknowthattheskyrocketinghousingpriceshavebeen

tamed.However,thequestionsstillarise:arefallinghousingprices

asignofrealtypricesbecomingreasonableagain,ormerelya

temporaryresultofthemacro-controlmeasuresconductedbylocal

governments?Inmyopinion,thistimemightbedifferent.Firstly,the

financialsystemcannotaffordtoletrealtypricescontinuerising

withsuchrapidspeed.InbigcitieslikeBeijingandShanghai,

housingpricesarealreadysohighthatpeoplespendsuchalarge

percentageoftheirincometopayhouseloan,hopingnothing

unexpectedhappensintheirlives.Secondly,asthecentralleadership

hasmadeitclearthatifthosewhorenthousescanenjoythesame

rightswiththosewhobuyhouses,themarketdemandforbuyinghouses

mightnotbeashighasbefore.Housingpriceshaveattractedalarge

flowoffundsfromrealeconomytovirtualeconomy.It?sreally

urgentthatthehousingpricesgetbackontotherighttrack.

参考解析：本篇作文要求讨论当前房价得到控制这一现象。范文首先表示了作

者的态度，即这一现象是好的。随后，作者又引出了一个讨论，这一现象到底

是政府宏观调控的暂时性的结果，还是房价真的得到了控制？作者认为，房价

高是真的得到了改善，并给出了两个理由，分别是经济体系已经承受不住这样

的上涨，以及若租房者与买房者享有同样的权利，买房的现象就会减少。最

后，再次强调中心，房价急需得到控制。

共享题干题

IonceaskedadvertisinglegendCarlAllywhatmakesthecreative

persontick.Ally(46)res,“Thecreativepersonwantstobea

know-it-all.Hewantstoknowaboutallkindsofthings:ancient

history,nineteenthcenturymathematics,currentmanufacturing

techniques,flowerarranging,andhogfutures.Becauseheneverknows

whentheseideasmightcometogethertoformanewidea.Itmayhappen

sixminutes(47)laorsixyearsdowntheroad.Buthehasfaith

thatitwillhappen."Iagreewholeheartedly.Knowledgeisthestuff

fromwhichnewideasare(48)(make).Nonetheless,knowledge

alonewon'tmakeapersoncreative.Ithinkthatwe'veallknown

people(49)knewlotsoffactsandnothingcreative

happened.Theirknowledgejustsatintheircraniabecausetheydidn'

tthinkaboutwhattheyknewinanynewways.Therealkeytobeing

creativeliesinwhatyoudowithyour

knowledge.Creativethinking(50)req

anattitudethatallowsyoutosearchforideasandmanipulateyour

knowledgeandexperience.Withthisoutlook,youdivyvarious

approaches,firstone,thenanother,oftennotgettinganywhere.You

usecrazy,foolish,andimpracticalideasassteppingstonesto

practicalnewideas.Youbreaktherules(51)(occasion),and

exploreforideasinunusualoutsideplaces.Inshort,byadoptinga

creativeoutlookyouopenyourselfupbothtonewpossibilitiesand

tochange.AgoodexampleofapersonwhodidthisisJohann

Gutenberg.WhatGutenbergdidwascombinetwopreviouslyunconnected

ideas:thewinepressandthecoinpunch.Thepurposeofthecoin

punchwastoleaveanimageonasmallareasuchasagoldcoin.The

(52)funofthewinepresswas,andstillis,toapplyforce

overalargeareatosqueezethejuiceoutofgrapes.Oneday,

Gutenberg,perhapsafterhedrunkagobletortwoofwine,playfully

askedhimself,WhatifItookabunchofthesecoinpunchesandput

themundertheforceofthewinepresssothatthey(53)(leave)

theirimageonpaper?Theresultingcombinationwastheprinting

pressandmovabletype.NavyAdmiralGraceHopperhadthetaskof

explainingthemeaningofananosecondtosomenontechnicalcomputer

users.Ananosecondisabillionthofasecond,andit'sthebasic

(54)tiintervalofasupercomputersinternalclock.Shewondered,

“HowcanIgetthemtounderstandthebrevityofananosecond?Why

notlookatit(55)aspaceproblemratherthanatimeproblem?

I'11justusethedistancelightdivavelsinonebillionthofa

second."Shepulledoutapieceofsdiving30centimeterslongand

toldhervisitors,“Hereisonenanosecond.”

［填空题］1.

参考答案：responded

参考解析：根据上下文内容，“我”向广告界传奇人物卡尔•艾力提问，是什

么让有创造力的人思绪迸发的。以此推测随后就是卡尔对问题的解答。故此处

填responded。注意全文时态为过去式。

［填空题］2.

参考答案：later

参考解析：根据填空处前的一句话，“他从来不知道这些想法什么时候会形成

一个新的想法”及下句可推测此处应表达的意思为：“可能是六分钟之后，也

甚至可能是花上六年时间”。故此处填later符合逻辑。

［填空题］3.

参考答案：made

参考解析：根据提示，可知此处填make的被动时态，表示知识是新主意“被创

造”的基础。

［填空题］4.

参考答案：who

参考解析：此处填关系代词who引导定语从句，指代前面的people。

［填空题］5.

参考答案：requires

参考解析：根据提示可知，此处填requires符合全文文意，表示创造性思维需

要一种能让你去寻找新想法、运用你的知识和经验的态度。承接上文提到的知

识和创新思维重要性，再引出下文刺激创造性思维可以使用的办法。

［填空题］6.

参考答案：occasionally

参考解析：根据提示可知，此处填occasion的副词形式，修饰动词break,表

示“偶然打破规则”。

［填空题］7.

参考答案：function

参考解析：根据上下文，作者提到约翰•古藤贝格将葡萄榨汁机和硬币压花结

合了起来，随后又解释葡萄榨汁机是把葡萄汁压榨出来的机器。故此处填

function表示介绍榨汁机的功能。

［填空题］8.

参考答案：left

参考解析：由于此处的时态为过去时，故填leave的过去式left,意为“在硬

币上留下花纹”。

［填空题］9.

参考答案：time

参考解析：根据前文提到的nanosecond,即纳秒，是十亿分之一秒，属于时间

单位。故此处填time符合逻辑。

［填空题］10.

参考答案：as

参考解析：根据上下文，海军上将格蕾丝要向非技术计算机用户解释纳秒的意

义，于是她就把这个看作空间问题，将纳秒转换成了形象的距离单位，即光在

一纳秒走过的路程,所以此处填as,look…as…表示"把……看作”。

SectionA(5marks)

“IbelieveIcanbuildahumanliver,“proclaimsanexhausted

Dr.JosephVacanti,collapsingintohisofficechairatChildren's

HospitalinBoston.There's

somethingdisquietingabouthearingadoctorsaysuchathing.One

can'thelpthinkingghastlymonstercreatedbyDr.Frankenstein,with

itsdivanslucentyellowskin,shriveledfaceandblackmisshapen1ips.

ButDr.VacantiisnoDr.Frankenstein.Stillinhisscrubs,hehas

justcomefromtheoperatingroomwhereheperformedlifesaving

surgeryonaninfant.Hisbodyisspent,buthiseyesflashwith

energyashetalksabouthisdream,“Ithasneverseemedlike

sciencefictiontome,“saysVacanti,aprofessorofsurgeryat

HarvardMedicalSchoolandMassachusettsGeneralHospital."My

professionalgoalistosolvetheproblemofvitalorganshortage.”

Morethan50,000Americansarecurrentlyinneedoforgan

divansplants,and4,000ofthemarelikelytodiebeforeadonoris

located.VacantiJssolutionissimple:Insteadofreplacinga

falteringorganwithoneharvestedfromsomeoneelse,whynottakea

fewhealthycellsfromthesickpersonandgrowhimorheranewone?

Suchanorganwouldprobablyworkbetter,too,sincethebodyisless

likelytorejecttissuemadeofitsowngeneticmaterial.

Itsoundstoogoodtobedivue.Butit'sbeginningtolooklike

itjustmightwork.Andifitdoes,tissueregenerationcould

revolutionizethepracticeofmedicine.

Apothecarieshaveexperimentedwithtissuereplacementfor

centuries:AsearlyasthesixthcenturyB.C.,Hindusurgeonsbegan

usingarmskintorepairmanglednoses.Itwasn'tuntilthelate

1970sthatJohnBurkeofMassachusettsGeneralHospitalandIoannis

YannasoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologysucceededin

growingskininalaboratory.Recently,severalbrandsofartificial

skinhavebeenapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdminisdivationfor

diveatmentofulcersandsevereburns.

Still,asanorganizedfieldofinquiry,withaninternational

professionalsocietyandajournaltoreportitsprogress,the

scienceoftissueengineeringhasbeenaroundforlittlemorethana

decade.Thereisquiteadifferencebetweengrowingarelatively

simpleorgansuchasskinandgrowingacomplexonelikealiver.For

theliverisacongeriesofmanydifferenttypesoftissues,allof

whichworktogethertoaccomplishahostofcomplicatedtasks."When

Istarteddivyingtodothis,“saysVacanti,49,thesonofa

Nebraskadentalsurgeon,“alotofpeoplethoughtIwascrazy.Some

stillthinkso.”

Questions56to60

Completethedivusingnomorethanthreewordsforeach

ProfileofDr.JosephVacant!

NamuJosephVacanti

Occupation:Doctor

Vacant：isalsoaprofg/xof(57)atHarvardMedicalSchool.

Thedocton(58)i$tosolvetheproblemofvitalorganAortage.

Csuallythebodyisnotverylikelytoreject(59)madeofitsowngeneticmarenal

blank.Vacum'sfativrfavesin(60).

［填空题］11.

参考答案：Boston

参考解析：根据文章第一段的最后一句话可知，约瑟夫•文森提是波士顿儿童

医院的医生，即他所在的城市为波士顿。

“IbelieveIcanbuildahumanliver,“proclaimsanexhausted

Dr.JosephVacanti,collapsingintohisofficechairatChildren's

HospitalinBoston.There's

somethingdisquietingabouthearingadoctorsaysuchathing.One

can,thelpthinkingghastlymonstercreatedbyDr.Frankenstein,with

itsdivanslucentyellowskin,shriveledfaceandblackmisshapenlips.

ButDr.VacantiisnoDr.Frankenstein.Stillinhisscrubs,hehas

justcomefromtheoperatingroomwhereheperformedlifesaving

surgeryonaninfant.Hisbodyisspent,buthiseyesflashwith

energyashetalksabouthisdream,“Ithasneverseemedlike

sciencefictiontome,“saysVacanti,aprofessorofsurgeryat

HarvardMedicalSchoolandMassachusettsGeneralHospital."My

professionalgoalistosolvetheproblemofvitalorganshortage.

Morethan50,000Americansarecurrentlyinneedoforgan

divansplants,and4,000ofthemarelikelytodiebeforeadonoris

located.VacantiJssolutionissimple:Insteadofreplacinga

falteringorganwithoneharvestedfromsomeoneelse,whynottakea

fewhealthycellsfromthesickpersonandgrowhimorheranewone?

Suchanorganwouldprobablyworkbetter,too,sincethebodyisless

1ikelytorejecttissuemadeofitsowngeneticmaterial.

Itsoundstoogoodtobedivue.Butit'sbeginningtolooklike

itjustmightwork.Andifitdoes,tissueregenerationcould

revolutionizethepracticeofmedicine.

Apothecarieshaveexperimentedwithtissuereplacementfor

centuries:AsearlyasthesixthcenturyB.C.,Hindusurgeonsbegan

usingarmskintorepairmanglednoses.Itwasn'tuntilthelate

1970sthatJohnBurkeofMassachusettsGeneralHospitalandIoannis

YannasoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologysucceededin

growingskininalaboratory.Recently,severalbrandsofartificial

skinhavebeenapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdminisdivationfor

diveatmentofulcersandsevereburns.

Still,asanorganizedfieldofinquiry,withaninternational

professionalsocietyandajournaltoreportitsprogress,the

scienceoftissueengineeringhasbeenaroundforlittlemorethana

decade.Thereisquiteadifferencebetweengrowingarelatively

simpleorgansuchasskinandgrowingacomplexonelikea1iver.For

theliverisacongeriesofmanydifferenttypesoftissues,allof

whichworktogethertoaccomplishahostofcomplicatedtasks."When

Istarteddivyingtodothis,“saysVacanti,49,thesonofa

Nebraskadentalsurgeon,“alotofpeoplethoughtIwascrazy.Some

stillthinkso.”

Questions56to60

Completethedivusingnomorethanthreewordsforeach

ProfileofDr.JosephVacant

NameJosephVacanh

OcapUkMLDoctor

CUy：C56_一

Vacamiisalsoaprofessorof(57)atHarvardSchool_________________

Thedoctor(58).istosolvetheproblemofvitalorganshortage

Usuallythebody:snotvaylikelytoreject(59)madeofitsowngenet:cnutenal

blank.Vacantisfatherhvesm(60)

［填空题］12.

参考答案：surgery

参考解析：根据文章第三段的第三句话可知，约瑟夫是哈佛医学院和麻省总医

院的外科教授。故此处填surge”，意为“外科”。

“IbelieveIcanbuildahumanliver,“proclaimsanexhausted

Dr.JosephVacanti,collapsingintohisofficechairatChildren's

HospitalinBoston.There?s

somethingdisquietingabouthearingadoctorsaysuchathing.One

can'thelpthinkingghastlymonstercreatedbyDr.Frankenstein,with

itsdivanslucentyellowskin,shriveledfaceandblackmisshapenlips.

ButDr.VacantiisnoDr.Frankenstein.Stillinhisscrubs,hehas

justcomefromtheoperatingroomwhereheperformedlifesaving

surgeryonaninfant.Hisbodyisspent,buthiseyesflashwith

energyashetalksabouthisdream,“Ithasneverseemedlike

sciencefictiontome,“saysVacanti,aprofessorofsurgeryat

HarvardMedicalSchoolandMassachusettsGeneralHospital."My

professionalgoalistosolvetheproblemofvitalorganshortage.”

Morethan50,000Americansarecurrentlyinneedoforgan

divansplants,and4,000ofthemarelikelytodiebeforeadonoris

located.VacantiJssolutionissimple:Insteadofreplacinga

falteringorganwithoneharvestedfromsomeoneelse,whynottakea

fewhealthycellsfromthesickpersonandgrowhimorheranewone?

Suchanorganwouldprobablyworkbetter,too,sincethebodyisless

likelytorejecttissuemadeofitsowngeneticmaterial.

Itsoundstoogoodtobedivue.Butit'sbeginningtolooklike

itjustmightwork.Andifitdoes,tissueregenerationcould

revolutionizethepracticeofmedicine.

Apothecarieshaveexperimentedwithtissuereplacementfor

centuries:AsearlyasthesixthcenturyB.C.,Hindusurgeonsbegan

usingarmskintorepairmanglednoses.Itwasn'tuntilthelate

1970sthatJohnBurkeofMassachusettsGeneralHospitalandIoannis

YannasoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologysucceededin

growingskininalaboratory.Recently,severalbrandsofartificial

skinhavebeenapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdminisdivationfor

diveatmentofulcersandsevereburns.

Still,asanorganizedfieldofinquiry,withaninternational

professionalsocietyandajournaltoreportitsprogress,the

sci