2024届高考英语真题阅读理解 词义猜测 讲义素材

题型微解3：词义猜测题词义猜测题考查学生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇等理解生词的能力。主要考查形式有：代词指代题、猜测单词题、猜测词组题、猜测句意题。(1)代词指代题代词指代题考查考生对文中的代词所替代的内容的判断。(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)...“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople’sbehavior，”saidFélixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthestate’s2001banonhand－helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,“peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.”Whatdoestheunderlinedword“something”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Advice. B.Data.C.Tests. D.Laws.【解题流程】(1)找出题干中关键信息提示词：something,referto。(2)由画线词所在的句子“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople’sbehavior”可知，something由定语从句thatcanchangepeople’sbehavior修饰，所以something是指能够改变人们的行为的事情。再根据下文的“IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,‘peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.’”可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是Textalyzer法案成为法律。受到法律的约束，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something指代的是法律，选D项。(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Inthemid－1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24－year－oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.答案D解析代词指代题。由第一段可知，他回乌兹别克斯坦是为了写一篇关于咸海消失的文章。由第二段第一句(然而，他的访问最终涉及的远不止那件事)可知，画线单词指的是写一篇关于咸海的文章。故选D项。(2016·全国Ⅱ卷)Readingcanbeasocialactivity.Thinkofthepeoplewhobelongtobookgroups.Theychoosebookstoreadandthenmeettodiscussthem.Now,thewebsiteBookCturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.BookCrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace,hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit．2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A.Thebook.B.Anadventure.C.Apublicplace.D.Theidentificationnumber.答案A解析代词指代题。根据画线词所在句中“...hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit”(希望这本书会有一次冒险，与每一位找到它的新读者一起四处旅行)可知，it应该指代上文提到的“书”。故选A项。(2)猜测单词题猜测单词题考查考生根据上下文推断单词的能力。(2023·全国乙卷)...Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon－literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst－handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,_wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A.Problem. B.History.C.Voice. D.Society.【解题流程】(1)找出题干中关键信息提示词：conversation。(2)根据本段中的“ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice”和“allourfirst－handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects”可知，conversation指的是历史(history)，故B项正确。(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)...Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A.Clear－up.B.Add－on.C.Check－in.D.Take－over.答案A解析猜测单词题。根据画线词后面的“stepawayfrom”可知，画线词表示“清除，清理”，A项含义与画线词含义相近。(2023·浙江1月卷)Amachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There’sneverastageatwhichthesystemknowswhatit’stalkingabout.”2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wrinkles”inparagraph2referto?A.Arguments. B.Doubts.C.Errors. D.Differences.答案C解析猜测单词题。根据wrinkles所在句子的上一句“Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.(这可能会导致人类不会犯的那种错误)”可知，wrinkles指代的是此句中的errors。故选C项。(3)猜测词组题猜测词组题考查考生根据上下文推断词组的能力。(2023·全国甲卷)TerriBoltonisa_dab_handwhenitcomestoDIY(do－it－yourself).Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand”inparagraph1?A.Anartist. B.Awinner.C.Aspecialist. D.Apioneer.【解题流程】(1)找出题干中关键信息提示词：adabhand。(2)根据第二句“Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself”可知，泰瑞·博尔顿擅长搭架子和拼装家具，她自己能做的工作从不付钱给别人做。据此可知，她是DIY方面的专家，故C项为正确答案。(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)...Inthis“bookofbooks，”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelate_to．1.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean?A.Understand. B.Paint.C.Seize. D.Transform.答案A解析猜测词组题。根据文章选段尾句“Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto”可知，这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了我们都能理解的时刻。故画线词意为“理解”。故选A项。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)...WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembark_ontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”2.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A.Improve. B.Oppose.C.Begin. D.Evaluate.答案C解析猜测词组题。根据文章选段中的“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及画线词前的“oneofthefirst(第一批人之一)”可知WendyWilson是着手这项工程的人之一，画线词的含义与C项“Begin(开始)”含义相近。故选C项。(4)猜测句意题猜测句意题考查考生根据上下文推断句子的本意或外延含义的能力。(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon’tevenrealizeit’snew.Forthem,it’sjustnormal.Thishit_home_for_measIwassittingwithmy2－year－oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren’sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninparagraph2?A.Providedshelterforme.B.Becameverycleartome.C.Tookthepressureoffme.D.Workedquitewellonme.【解题流程】(1)找出题干中关键信息提示词：hithomeforme。(2)根据文章内容第一段可知，作者是一名记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。画线词前面的This应指代上文，而后面的句子说，“当在春节假期作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上时，我……”。(3)四个选项逐个代入，可知画线词与B项相符。(2017·全国Ⅱ卷)...Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,the_tables_are_turned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.1.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inparagraph3?A.Theattackersgetattacked.B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.答案A解析猜测句意题。根据文章选段中的“Theatt