四阅读理解-科教科普类-2022年高考英语真题模拟试题专项解析

(4)阅读理解-科教科普类——2022年高考英语真题模拟试题专项

汇编

1.【2022年全国甲卷，阅读B】

Goffin'scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape­

recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshave

provedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwitha

boxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada"keyhole"inageometricshape,andthebirdswere

givenfivedifferentlyshaped"keys"tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrectnkeynwouldletoutthenut.

Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbe

anotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical（对称的）shapes.Thisabilityto

recognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan"allocentric

frameofreference".Intheexperiment,Goffin'scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,in

mostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.Wheretrial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthan

monkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin'scockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeof

referencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similartotwo-year-oldbabies.

Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyon

visualclues（线索）,oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.

1.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?

A.Byfollowinginstructions.B.Byusingatool.

C.Byturningtheboxaround.D.Byremovingthelid.

2.Whichtaskcanhumanone-year-oldsmostlikelycompleteaccordingtothetext?

A.Usingakeytounlockadoor.B.Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.

C.Puttingaballintoaroundhole.D.Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes.

3.Whatdoesthefollow-uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?

A.Howfartheyareabletosee.

B.Howtheytrackmovingobjects.

C.Whethertheyaresmarterthanmonkeys.

D.Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthetest.

4.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckers

B.Cockatoos:IndependentLearners

C.Cockatoos:CleverSignal-Readers

D.Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters

2.【2022年江西高三三模，阅读D】

Thebiggestfamilytreeofhumanitytodatehasbeenbuiltusinggenetic,datafromthousandsof

modemandprehistoricpeople.Thetreegivesaviewof2millionyears,ofprehistoryandevolution.

"Humansarealleventuallyrelatedtoeachother,*'saysGiMeVeanattheUniversityofOxford."What

I'velongwantedtodoistobeabletorepresentthetotalityofwhatwecanlearnabouthumanhistory

throughthisgenealogy."

Geneticistshavebeenreadingpeople'sentiregenomesforthepasttwodecades.McVeanandhis

colleaguesanalyzed3609ofthese,almostallofwhichbelongedtoourspecies,Homosapiens,exceptfbr

threeNeanderthalsandonefromtheDenisovangroup,whichmaybeasubspeciesofHomosapiensora

separatespecies.

TheteamfocusedonbitsofDNAthatvaryfrompersontoperson.Theyidentified6,412,717variants

（变体）andtriedtofigureoutwhenandwhereeacharose.Todothis,theyalsolookedatanextra3589

samplesofancientDNAthatweren'tgoodenoughtoincludeinthetree,butdidcastlightonwhenthe

variantsarose.

Variantsthatappearedbefore2,00yearsagoweremostcommoninnorth-castAfrica,andtheoldest

100variantswealsofromthere,specificallyinwhatisnowSudan.Thoseoldestvariantsareabout2

millionyearsold,solongpredateourspecies,whichappearedaround300,000yearsago.

Thesimplisticinterpretationofthisisthathumanityfirstevolvedinthisregion,butlatermigrations

arelikelytohaveinterfered（干涉）withthedata.ThetreealsoofferscluesthatpeoplereachedPapuaNew

GuineaandtheAmericastensofthousandsofyearsearlierthanthearchaeological（考古的）recordimplies,

hintingatmigrationsthathaveyettobediscovered.Butboththeseideaswouldneedtobeconfirmedby

archaeologicalfinds.

1.Whatcanbeexpectedofthebiggestfamilytree?

A.Peoplecanchangegeneswithgeneticdata.

B.Peoplecanunderstandthefunctionofeachgene.

C.Peoplecanhaveaclearpictureofhumanhistory.

D.Peoplecantellthefuturedevelopmentofmankind.

2.HowdidGil'steamcontributetothefamilytree?

A.Bycollectingpeople'sDNA.B.Byanalyzingpeople'sgenes.

C.Byreadingpreviousresearches.D.Bymakingarchaeologicalstudy.

3.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytellaboutthestudy?

A.Thefindings.B.Thetreason.C.Theprocess.D.Thesignificance.

4.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?

A.Migrationshavechangedhumans'genes.

B.Humanitymaybefirstbominthesamearea.

C.Archaeologicalfindshaveprovedearlymigrations.

D.Humansappearedinthisworldearlierthanexpected.

3.【2022年辽宁大连一模，阅读D】

Lonelinessissignificantmentalhealthconcernandcanraiseriskofdeathby45%andcontactwith

natureincitiessignificantlyreducesfeelingsofloneliness,accordingtoateamofscientists.

Thestudyisthefirsttoassesshowtheenvironmentcanaffectloneliness.Itusedreal-timedata,

collectedviaasmartphoneapp,ratherthanrelyingonpeople'smemoryofhowtheywerefeeling.

Theresearchfoundthatfeelingsofovercrowdingincreasedlonelinessbyanaverageof30%.But

whenpeoplewereabletoseetreesorhearbirds,feelingsoflonelinessfellby28%.Feelingsofsocial

inclusionalsocutlonelinessby21%andwhenthesefeelingscoincided（J5合）withcontactwithnature,the

beneficialeffectwasboostedbyafurther18%.

Thefindingspointedtointerventions（干预）toreduceloneliness.Theresearcherssaid,"Specific

measuresthatincreasesocialinclusionandcontactwithnatureshouldbetaken,especiallyinthickly

populatedcities."Timespentinnatureisknowntoboostwell-being（健康）withwoodlandwalksestimated

tosavetheUKatleastf185mayearinmentalhealthcosts,forexample.

TheresearchcollecteddatafromurbancitizensacrosstheworldusingtheUrbanMindresearchapp.

Morethan750peopleprovided16,600oftheseassessments.Theparticipantswereself-selectingandso

didnotprovidearepresentativesampleofthewiderpopulations.Butwhentheresearcherstookage,

education,andoccupationintoaccount,thebenefitsofnaturecontactandfeelingsofsocialinclusionon

lonelinessremainedstronglystatisticallysignificant.JohannaGibbons,partoftheresearchteam,said,

"Citiesareprobablytheonlyhabitatthatisincreasingatahighrate.Soweshouldbecreatingurban

habitatswherepeoplecanthrive.'1

l.Howwastheresearchconducted?

A.Byrelyingonpeople'smemory.

B.Bysurveying750urbanparticipants.

C.Bycollectingdatathroughasmartphoneapp.

D.Bycheckingaworldwiderepresentativesample.

2.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?

A.Manybigcitiestaketheleadintheresearch

B.Timespentindoorsimprovespeople'swell-being

C.Woodlandwalksgreatlyreducesocialcontactwithpeople.

D.InterventionstoreducelonelinessbenefittheUKfinancially.

3.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheresearch?

A.Itoffersawiderangeofsamplesglobally.

B.Thefindingsareremarkableintermsofstatistics.

C.Thecarefullyselectedparticipantsarereliable.

D.Manyfactorsareconsideredexcepteducation.

4.What*sthetextmainlyabout?

A.Theproblemsoflivinginbigcities.

B.Developingurbanhabitatsatahighspeed.

C.Researchonhowtogetridoflonelinessinnature.

D.Reducinglonelinessincitiesthroughcontactwithnature.

4.【2022年山西太原三模，阅读D】

Whenlearningaforeignlanguage,mostpeoplefallbackontraditionalmethods:reading,writing,listening

andrepeating.Butifyoualsogesturewithyourarmswhilestudying,youcanrememberthevocabularybetter,

evenmonthslater.Linkingawordtobrainareasresponsibleformovementstrengthensthememoryofitsmeaning.

AsneuroscientistBrianMathiasandhiscolleaguesdescribeintheJournalofNeuroscience,theyhad22

German-speakingadultslearnatotalof90inventedartificialwords（suchas"lamube'1for"camera"and"atesi"for

Hthought"）overfourdays.Whilethetestsubjectsfirstheardthenewvocabulary,theyweresimultaneously（同时

地）shownavideoofapersonmakingagesturethatmatchedthemeaningoftheword.Whenthewordwas

repeated,theyweresupposedtoperformthegesturethemselves.Fivemonthslater,theywereaskedtotranslatethe

vocabularytheyhadlearnedintoGermaninamultiple-choicetest.

Atthesametime,theyhadadeviceattachedtotheirheadsthatsentweakpulsestotheirprimarymotorcortex

（皮层）-thebrainareathatcontrolsvoluntaryarmmovements.Whentheseinterfering（干扰）signalswereactive,

thesubjectsfoundithardertorecallthewordsaccompaniedbygestures.Whenthedevicesentnointerfering

signals（butstillappearedtothesubjectstobeactive）,theyfounditeasiertorememberthewords.Theresearchers

concludedthatthemotorcortexcontributedtothetranslationofthevocabularylearnedwithgestures.Thisapplied

toconcretewords,suchas"camera,uaswellasabstractones,suchas"thought.n

"Ourresultsprovideevidenceforwhylearningtechniquesthatinvolvethebody'smotorsystemshouldbe

usedmoreoften,"saysMathias."Ithinkweunderusegestureinourclassrooms.Peopleuseitspontaneously（自发

地），iftheyYegoodteachersandgoodlisteners.Butwedon'tnecessarilybringitintotheclassifwedon*tthink

aboutit."

1.Whatwerethesubjectsrequiredtodointhetest?

A.Repeatwhatothersubjectsdescribe.

B.Followwhatthepersoninthevideodid.

C.Matchthevocabularywithrelativepictures.

D.Translatethevocabularyintoaforeignlanguage.

2.Whywerepulsessenttothesubjects*motorcortex?

A.Tocontroltheirbodymovements.

B.Toshelterotherinterferingsignals.

C.Toidentifythefunctionofthemotorcortex.

D.Toconfirmtheabstractthoughtsintheirmind.

3.WhatisBrianMathias'sexpectationoftheresearch?

A.Itwillbecarriedoutmorefrequently.B.Itwillinvolvemoreconcreteobjects.

C.Itwillbeappliedtoclassroomteaching.D.Itwillmotivatehiscolleaguestoparticipate.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.GoodLearningTechniquesMatterMoreB.RepeatingStrengthensMemory

C.BodyLanguageBettersCommunicationD.GesturesHelpLearnNewWords

5.【2022年广东高三模拟，阅读D】

AccordingtoarecentstudyinScience,pigsareprovidingconvincingnewevidencethatanimalsmay

respondemotionallytomusic.Thefindingmayleadtowaystoimprovetheirwelfareonfarms."It'sa

reallyneatstudythatshowsanimalsaremoreemotionallyattuned（音感好的）tomusicthanpeople

think",saysCharlesSnowdon，ananimalbehaviourexpertattheUniversityofWisconsin.

Musicissometimesusedasenrichmentforanimalsandothercaptiveanimals.AndSnowballthe

dancingcockatoo（风头鹦鹉）likestodancetotheBackstreetBoys.Butwhetherthesecreatureshaveatrue

emotionalresponsetothetunesisunclear.That*swhatthenewstudyaimedtodo——butwithpigs.Co­

authorMariaCamilaCeballos,ananimalwelfarescientist,saysshechosetheseanimalsbecausetheyare

intelligentandsocial,andfaceseriouswelfarechallengesonfactory.farms.

Theresearcherscomposedmusicthatwereeitherconsonantordissonant.Tohumans,consonant

musicgenerallysoundspleasantwhereasdissonancetendstosounduncomfortable.Theteamthenfilmed

sixlittersofyoungpigslisteningtothemusic,whichwasplayedinarandomorderwithabreakin

between.

Theresearchersscoredthepigs*bodylanguageusinganapproachcalledQBA.Piecesofconsonant

musicwerelinkedtothepigsexperiencingpositiveemotions,whereasthedissonantmusicwaslinkedto

negativeemotions,theteamreportsthismonthinScientificReports."Sowefoundthat,yes,music

generatesdifferentemotions,'*Ceballossays.

AnimalwelfarescientistJunBaofromauniversityinChinaisskepticalaboutwhetherCebaLlos*s

teamdetectedemotions,however.Herecentlyfoundthatexposuretomusicincreasesplayandtail

wagginginpigs,whichheseesassignsofa"positivemood."However,hesaysit*snotclearthatpigs

labeledas“happy"or''uneasy"throughQBAactuallyexperiencethoseemotions.

Ceballoshopesthestudywillhelpresearcherscreatewelfare-improvingmusic,tailor-madetoa

specificspecies.Baoalsoagrees,adding"It'sreallyinteresting,becauseifitworks,itwouldbethe

handiestandcheapestwaytoenrichtheirenvironment."

1.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?

A.Pigs*welfareonfarms.B.Pigs'reactiontotunes.

C.Pigs1dailybehaviours.D.Pigs*potentialdiseases.

2.WhyarepigschosenasCeballos'sobjectsofstudy?

A.Theyareeasytoregulate.B.Theyprefertolivealone.

C.Theyenjoyterrificwelfare.D.Theyowngoodintelligence.

3.FromwhichaspectisJunBaodoubtfulaboutCeballos'sresearch?

A.Thedurationoftheiron-siteobservation.

B.Theaccuracyofjudgementonpigs*emotion.

C.Theselectionofmusicpigsareexposedto.

D.Theappropriatenessofthetestingapproach.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Pigs'EmotionCanBeTunedbyMusicB.HighPorkProductionIsontheWay

C.Pigs'IntelligenceCan'tBeOverlookedD.TheWaytoEasePigs'StressIsFound

6.【2022年四川高三模拟，阅读D】

Thesedays,manygymsrequireclientstowearmasksorfacecoverings.Thegoodnews:research

suggeststheydon'tactuallyholdupyourperformance.

ResearchersattheUniversityofSaskatchewangatheredagroupof7menand7women,rangingfrom

slightlyinactivetoexcellentcyclistsandtestedtheeffectsofwearingathree-layerclothfacemask,a

surgicalmask,andnomaskontheirexerciseperformance.

Thestudyparticipantsstartedwithabriefwarm-uponafixedbike,thentookaprogressiveintensity

exercisetest,duringwhichitwasvitalforthemtokeepthesamepedalratewhiletheresistancewas

continuallyincreaseduntilexhaustion（疲惫不堪）.Somethingliketheheartratewasrecordedevery30

seconds.

Theresultssuggestedthatwearingamaskhadnoeffectonperformanceormuscleoxygenlevels.Since

therewasnodifferenceintimetoexhaustionbetweenconditions,thehighestpowerreachedattheendof

eachtestwassimilarinmaskandno-maskconditionsforallparticipants,ProfessorChilibeckexplained.

Researchersalsodidnotseeanyeffectsofthemasksduringexerciseonbloodoxygenlevels,which

wouldn'tdecreaseifbreathingwasnotaffected.

Andwhiledroplet（飞沫）spreadwasnotmeasured,allmasksusedweretestedinapreviousstudyin

whichtheywereshowntoeffectivelyminimizedropletspread,accordingtoChilibeck.Thoughthe

participantsrepresentedawiderangeoffitnesslevels,it'simportanttonotethatthesetestswereconducted

onaverysmallsamplesize,andmoreresearchisneededonlargerpopulationstodrawsweeping

conclusionsaboutthegeneralpopulation.

l.Howdidtheresearchersdrawtheconclusion?

A.Bydoingmedicaltests.B.Bymakingbriefanalysis.

C.Byobservingnormalcyclists.D.Byconductinganexperiment.

2.Whatwillhappenifmasksblockyourperformance?

A.Yourheartratemaykeepstable.B.Youmightproducelessdroplet.

C.Yourbloodoxygenlevelswilldrop.D.Youwillfeelmoretiredthanbefore.

3.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothestudy?

A.Doubtful.B.Favorable.C.Disapproving.D.Objective.

4.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.WhyShouldWeTrainwithMasks?B.DoMasksAffectOurPerformance?

C.CanWeTrainWhileWearingMasks?D.WhyDon'tMasksWorsenOurPerformance?

7.【2022年四川内江模拟，阅读C】

VostokStationisaRussianweatherstationinAntarctica,whichiswidelyknownforhavingthecoldest

temperatureeverrecordedonEarth:-89.2℃,ButlastFriday,Vostoksetanotherrecord,thistimeforits

warmestMarchtemperatureever:-18℃,15℃warmerthanaverage.

OtherareasinAntarcticawereevenhotter.Anearbyweatherstationwas37℃higherthanaverage.

Someplacesherewereexpectedtobeasmuchas50℃warmerthannormal.

Scientistssaid,nAtthistimeofyear,Antarcticaislosing25minutesofdaylighteveryday,andshould

begettingcolderinsteadofwarmer."Butannatmosphericriver"ofwarm,wetairhitAntarcticalast

Tuesday.Thiskindofweatherpatternisn*tthatunusual.ButonceitgottoAntarctica,itwasblockedfrom

leavingbyahighpressuresystemcalleda"pressuredome".Scientistssayit'stooearlytosayifthisevent

wascausedbyclimatechange.Buttheysaythey'rewatchingcarefullytoseeifthisisaone-timeeventor

partofanewpattern.

Ontheotherhand,winterisjustnowendingattheNorthPole,whichmeansthesunhasn'tbeenshining

thereforaboutsixmonths.Butthathasn'tstoppedtheArcticfromhavingaheatwave.Temperaturesinthe

Arcticareabout14℃higherthannormal.Someareashaveseentemperaturesasmuchas28℃above

average.Scientistsarepayinggreatattentiontotheweatherhere.Infact,theArcticiswarmingtwoto

threetimesfasterthantherestoftheplanet,andwarmingeventsseemincreasinglycommoninrecent

years.Thereareconcernsthatthispatternwillcontinueandthatthemelting（融化）oficeherewillincrease.

Scientistsexplained,thistime,theveryspecificcausefortheArctic*heatwave:a"bombcyclone",a

stormthatgathersgreatstrengthveryquickly.ThisoneformedovertheeastcoastofNorthAmerica,and

headednorth.Thepressureinsidethisstormsystemfellsharply,pullinganatmosphericriverofwetwar

m2airtowardtheNorthPole.

1.WhathasVostokStationdonelately?

A.Ithasmovedtothecoldestplaceintheworld.

B.Ithasteamedupwithanearbyweatherstation.

C.It'smonitoredanextremelyabnormaltemperature.

D.IfsfinishedthetemperaturerecordsforAntarctica.

2.WhathavescientistschangedconcerningthetemperaturesinAntarctica?

A.Theirexpectationsaboutitsclimatesystem.

B.TheirimpressionoftheAntarcticseasons.

C.Theirideasofformingapressuredome.

D.Theirattitudetowardclimatechange.

3.WhyarescientistswatchingtheweatherintheArcticclosely?

A.Itswinterendsearlierthanusual.

B.Warmingeventsoccurmorefrequently.

C.Themeltingoficeismoreseriousthisyear.

D.ThetemperatureishigherthanthatinAntarctica.

4.WhatdidscientiststhinkoftheArcticheatwavethistime?

A.Controllable.B.Predictable.C.Adaptable.D.Understandable.

8.【2022年河北张家口模拟，阅读D】

Becomingaparentbringsoutthebestinmanyanimals.Althoughparentingisusuallylefttothe

females,malesfrommanyspeciesgoaboveandbeyondtocarefortheoffspring.Takeanemonefish（海葵

鱼）forexample.InfindingNemo,Marlinswimsover1,000milesfromtheGreatBarrierReeftoSydney

torescuehissonNemo,whohasbeencaughtbydivers.Inreality,anemonefishrarelymovesofaraway

fromtheirhome.

Despitetheirsmallersize,themaleshelpthefemalesdefendthenest,butonlythemaleanemonefish

takecareofit.Theyusetheirfinsasfanstoprovideaconstantflowofoxygenandkeepthesurroundings

clean.Theyalsoputalotofeffortinbuildingthenest.

Theeggstakeaboutfivedaystohatch.Duringthisimportantperiod,dadsfanthemtoprovide

oxygenandremovetherubbish.Theyalsopickuptheeggsintheirmouthsandmovethemaroundto

removeanybacteria.Oneofthebiggestthreatscomesfromfemalesticklebacks（刺鱼），whoform

organizedgroupsandattacktheneststoeatalltheeggs.

Malesdefendthenewbornfishandbringbacktheoneswhomovetoofarfromthenest.Oncethe

fishgrowup,theybecomealittlebitmoreindependentandstarttoswimaway.Thedadswimsafterthem,

picksthemupinhismouth,andspitsthembackintohisnest.Eventually,hegetstothepointwherehe

can'tkeeptrackofthemandthat*swhentheyseparate.

Doting（溺爱的）fathersarenotrestrictedtotheworldoffish.Insomepoisonfrogspecies,thedads

alsowarnthemomswhentheyoungonesarehungryandneedtobefed.It'sgenerallybelievedthatmoms

arethecaregivers.Infishandfrogs,it'sactuallymorecommonforthedadstoprovidecare.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offspring"inparagraph1probablymean?

A.Children.B.Relatives.C.Friends.D.Colleagues.

2.Whatcanweinferaboutmaleanemonefish?

A.Theytakefullresponsibilityforbuildingthenest.

B.Theyaremuchlargerthanfemaleanemonefish.

C.Theyareactuallyextremelyexcellentfathers.

D.Theyfrequentlymakeattacksonotherfishes.

3.Whatdoesitmeanwhenthedadcan'ttrackitsyoungfish?

A.Thedadcan'ttendtotheyoungfish.B.Theyoungfisharealreadyindependent.

C.Thelivingenvironmentisworse.D.Thedadisinastateofaging.

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheModelFatherintheAnimalKingdomB.TheNewRoleoftheMaleAnemoneFish

C.TheReallyCaringCaregiversinLifeD.AStrangePhenomenoninNature

答案以及解析

1.答案：1-4BCDD

解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshave

provedskillfulattooluse"可知，实验中凤头鹦鹉通过使用工具拿到了盒子里的果仁。故选B。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段首句"Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaround

oneyearofage"可知，在大约一岁时，婴儿就能将圆形物体放入圆孔中。故选C。

3.细节理解题。根据最后一段信息可知，研究人员下一步将查明凤头鹦鹉是否完全依靠视觉线索还

是也需要使用触觉来对物体的形状做出选择。故选D。

4,主旨大意题。综观全文，尤其是根据文章首句"Goffin'scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativeto

Australasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old”可知，文

章主要讲述凤头鹦鹉出色的形状识别能力。故选D。

2.答案：1-4CBAB

解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段内容Thebiggestfamilytreeofhumanitytodatehasbeenbuiltusing

geneticdatafromthousandsofmodernandprehistoricpeople.Thetreegivesaviewof2millionyearsof

prehistoryandevolution.（迄今为止，人类最大的家谱是利用数干现代和史前人类的基因数据建立起

来的。这个家谱展现了200万年的史前历史和进化。）可知，人类最大的家谱展现了人类200万年

的史前历史和进化，由此可知，人们可以期待从最大的家谱中清楚地了解人类历史。故选C。

2.推理判断题。根据第三段内容Geneticistshavebeenreadingpeoplesentiregenomesforthepasttwo

decades.McVeanandhiscolleaguesanalyzed3609ofthese,almostallofwhichbelongedtoourspecies,

Homosapiens,exceptforthreeNeanderthalsandonefromtheDenisovangroup,whichmaybea

subspeciesofHomosapiensoraseparatespecies』过去十年来，遗传学家一直在阅读人类的整个基因

组。McVean和他的同事分析了其中3609个，几乎所有的都属于我们的物种，除了三个尼安德特

人和一个杰尼索万人，这可能是智人的亚种或一个单独的物种。）可知，过去二十年来，遗传学家

一直在阅读人类的整个基因组，GilMcVean和他的同事分析了其中3609个，并得出结论，以这种

方式为家谱做出贡献，由此可知，Gil的团队是通过分析人的基因为家谱做出贡献的。故选B。

3.主旨大意题。根据第五段内容Variantsthat叩pearedbefore2,000yearsagoweremostcommonin

north-eastAfrica,andtheoldest100variantswerealsofromthere,specificallyinwhatisnow

Sudan.Thoseoldestvariantsareabout2millionyearsold,solongpredateourspecies,whichappeared

around30,000yearsago.（2000年前出现的变种在非洲东北部最为常见，最古老的100种变种也来自

那里，特别是在现在的苏丹。这些最古老的变种大约有200万年的历史，比我们的物种早了这么

久，我们的物种出现在大约30万年前。）可知，本段内容主要介绍的是研究发现，研究表明2000

年前出现的变种在非洲东北部最为常见，这些最古老的变种大约有200万年的历史，比我们的物种

早了很久，由此可知，第五段主要告诉我们的是关于研究的发现。故选A。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句Thesimplisticinterpretationofthisisthathumanityfirstevolved

inthisregion,butlatermigrationsarelikelytohaveinterfered（干涉）withthedata.（对这一点的简单解释

是，人类最初是在这个地区进化的，但后来的迁徙可能会干扰数据。）可知，研究表明人类最初是

在同一个地区进化的，只是后来的迁徙可能会干扰数据，由此可推断出，人类可能首先出生在同

一地区，后来再进行不断地迁移。故选B。

3.答案：1-4CDBD

解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段"Itusedreal-timedata,collectedviaasmartphoneapp,ratherthan

relyingonpeople'smemoryofhowtheywerefeeling."（它是利用通过智能手机应用程序软件搜集到的

实时数据，而不是依赖人们对他们的感觉的记忆。）可知，这项研究是通过手机应用程序软件搜集

到的实时数据。故选C。

2.细节理解题。根据第四段"Thefindingspointedtoinlerventions（干预）toreduceloneliness.The

researcherssaid,"Specificmeasuresthatincreasesocialinclusionandcontactwithnatureshouldbetaken,

especiallyinthicklypopulatedcities."Timespentinnatureisknowntoboostwell-being（健康）,with

woodlandwalksestimatedtosavetheUKatleast£I85mayearinmentalhealthcosts,forexample.”（研究

结果指向了对减少孤独感的干预。研究人员说，”应该采取增加社会包容性和接触大自然的具体措

施，特别是在人口稠密的城市。”人们知道，在大自然中度过的时光有助于提高幸福感，例如，据

估计，林地散步每年至少可以为英国节省1.85亿英镑的心理健康成本。）可知，英国在对减少孤独

感的干预为他们国家节省了1.85亿英镑的心理健康成本，所以是经济上获益很大。故选D。

3.推理判断题。根据最后一段"Butwhentheresearcherstookage,education,andoccupationinto

account,thebenefitsofnaturecontactandfeelingsofsocialinclusiononlonelinessremainedstrongly

statisticallysignificant."（但是当研究人员将年龄、教育程度和职业考虑在内时，接触大自然和社会

包容感对孤独感的好处在统计学上依然非常显著。）可知，这项研究从统计学上来说还是有显著的

好处的。故选B。

4.主旨大意题。根据第二段"Thestudyisthefirsttoassesshowtheenvironmentcanaffectloneliness.

"（这项研究首次评估了环境对孤独感的影响。）和最后一段"Theresearchcollecteddatafromurban

citizensacrosstheworldusingtheUrbanMindresearchapp."（这项研究使用城市思维研究应用程序从

世界各地的城市居民中收集数据。）可知，这篇文章主要讲述城市区域内的人们接触大自然对减少

他们的孤独感是非常有益的。故选D。

4.答案：1-4BCCD

解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段WhileIhetestsubjectsfirstheardthenewvocabulary,theywere

simultaneously（同时地）shownavideoofapersonmakingagesturethatmatchedthemeaningofthe

word.Whenthewordwasrepeated,theyweresupposedtoperformthegesturethemselves.（当；则试对象第

一次听到新词汇时，他们同时看到了一段视频，视频中有人做了一个与单词意思相匹配的手势。

当这个词被重复时，他们应该自己做这个手势。）可知，测试对象被要求重复视频里的人所做的

事。故选B。

2.推理判断题。根据第三段Theresearchersconcludedthatthemotorcortexcontributedlothe

translationofthevocabularylearnedwithgestures.（研究人员得出结论，运动皮层有助于翻译通过手势

学习的词汇。）可知，发送脉冲是为了确认运动皮层的功能。故选C。

3.推理判断题。根据最后一段Ithinkweunderusegestureinourclassrooms.（我认为我们在课堂上没有

充分利用手势。）可知，BrianMathias认为这一