大学英语语法与练习

./大学英语语法及练习第一讲虚拟语气I.考点分析：分四级语法复习虚拟语气是动词的特殊形式,用来表达说话人的意愿、建议、请求、意图、惊奇、设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况,以及在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况.虚拟语气是非常重要的语法考点.考查历届四级试题,我们发现与虚拟语气有关的考题每次至少2题,有时甚至3-4题.虚拟语气的考查要点有：1.虚拟语气的形式：分清虚拟时间和主从句的动词形式十分重要,因此我们把所有虚拟语气的不同类型列表归纳并进行对比,以便于同学们记忆掌握.动词形式类型虚拟时间从句动词主句动词if条件句现在过去式would/should/might/could+动词原形过去had+过去分词would/should/might/could+have+过去分词将来should/wereto/过去式would/should/might/could+动词原形wish引导的宾从现在过去式过去had+过去分词/couldhavedone将来would/could/might+动词原形asif/though方式状语从句同wish其它动词引导的宾从<should>+动词原形主语从句<should>+动词原形表语从句<should>+动词原形同位语从句<should>+动词原形ifonly同if条件句lest,forfearthat,incaseshould+动词原形wouldrather/soonerthat现在/将来过去式过去had+过去分词Itishigh/abouttimethat过去式2.要注意从句中第一/三人称的过去式was用were代替.例如：IfIwereinvited,Iwouldcome.Ifshewerenotill,shecoulddoalotofthings.3.if条件句中如谓语动词是were,had,should,could时,可以省略if,把它们前置.例如：Hadmyfatheralotofmoney,hewouldsendmeabroad.CouldIdoit,Iwouldsurelydoit.ShouldtheBlackDeathreappear,whatshouldwedo?〔万一黑死病再次出现,我们该怎么办？4.错综时间的条件句是难点,如99年1月第60题:IfIhadn’tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,youwouldn’tbesmilingnow.〔从句用过去完成时,主句用现在进行时又如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetothefilmlastnight.<从句虚拟现在,主句虚拟过去>；Ifwehadn’tgoteverythingreadybynow,weshouldbehavingaterribletimetomorrow.<从句虚拟过去,主句虚拟将来>；Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.<从句虚拟过去,主句虚拟现在>5.虚拟句的另一难点是省略if条件句的含蓄条件句,如：Iwouldhavewrittenthepaperbefore,butIhavebeenill.<=IfIhadnotbeenill,Iwouldhavewrittenthepaperbefore.>;Atruefriendwouldhaveacteddifferently.<=Afriend,ifhehadbeentrue,wouldhaveacteddifferently.>6.注意介词短语without,butfor,intheabsence等表示虚拟条件.例如：Withoutelectricity,therewouldbenomodernindustry.没有电就不会有现代工业.Butforyourcooperation,wecouldnothavesucceededinourexperiment.没有你们的帮助,我们的实验时不可能成功的.7."Wereitnotfor/Haditnotbeenfor+宾语"或"Butthat+从句"表示假设条件.例如：Wereitnotfortheirassistance,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.Haditnotbeenforthereservoir,we’dneverhavebeenabletobeatthedrought.Butthathesawit<=Ifhehadnotseenit>,hecouldnothavebelievedit.8.providing,providing<that>,onconditionthat,suppose,supposing引导的条件从句中,根据语意,可以用虚拟语气,有可以用陈述语气.9.常见的引导宾语从句须用虚拟语气的动词有：advice,agree,command,decide,demand,determine,direct〔命令insist,order,prefer,propose,request,require,resolve,suggest,urge,move<提议,动议>等；例如：TheUnitedNationsurgedthathe<should>withdrawhistroops.〔联合国敦促他撤军.10．常见的引导同位语从句或表语从句须用虚拟语气的名词有：advice,command,desire,determination,idea,motion,order,preference,recommendation,suggestion,insistence,proposals,request,requirement等；例如：Thesuggestionthathebeinvitedwasrejected.<用于同位语从句>邀请他的建议被否决了.Theirdemandisthattheirwagesbeincreasedby20%.<用于表语从句>他们的要求是工资增加20%.11．用在主语从句中时其结构通常为"Itis/was+形容词或过去分词+主语从句〔用虚拟语气",例如：Itisnecessarythatyoushouldbepresentatthediscussion.你有必要参加讨论.Itwasorderedthatthemedicinesbesentherebyplane.根据命令,那些药品必须空运到这儿.常见的这类形容词、分词还有：advisable〔合理的,anxious<急切的>,appropriate〔合适的,compulsory〔强制的,crucial<紧要关头的>,desirable〔理想的,eager,essential〔必要的,imperative<迫切的>,important〔重要的,impossible〔不可能的,improper〔不合适的,natural〔自然的,obligatory<必须履行的>,preferable〔更好的,proper〔合适的,strange〔奇怪的urgent〔紧迫的,vital〔至关重要的,demanded〔要求的,required〔要求的,suggested〔建议的,desired〔希望的等.II.历届四级试题中的虚拟语气：1.Thattreelookedasifit______foralongtime.<93/1/52>A>hasn’twateredB>didn’twater C>hadn’tbeenwatered D>wasn’twatered2.It’snecessary______thedictionaryimmediately.<93/1/68>A>thathewillreturn B>thathereturnedC>thathereturnD>thathehastoreturn3.Wedesirethatthetourleader______usimmediatelyofanychangeinplans.<93/6/48>A>informB>informs C>informedD>hasinformed4.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI______youradvice.<93/6/70>A>followB>hadfollowedC>wouldfollowD>havefollowed5.Themanagerofthehotelrequeststhattheirguests______after11:00p.m.<94/1/65>A>nottoplayloudmusicB>shouldn’tplayloudmusicC>don’tplayloudmusicD>couldn’tplaymusic6.______formyillnessIwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.<95/1/47>A>NotbeingforB>HaditnotbeenC>WithoutbeingD>Nothavingbeen7.Tobefrank,I’dratheryou______inthecase.<95/1/61>A>willnotbeinvolvedB>notinvolvedC>nottobeinvolvedD>werenotinvolved8.Itisrecommendedthattheproject_____untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.<95/6/44>A>isnotstartedB>willnotbestartedC>notbestartedD>isnottobestarted9.IwishI_____longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.<95/6/45>A>couldhaveslept B>sleptC>notbestartedD>haveslept10.Jeandoesn’twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe_____ajobsheprobablywouldn’tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.<96/1/44>A>hastogetB>weretoget C>hadgotD>couldhavegot11.Itispolitelyrequestedbythetotalmanagementthatradio______after11o’clockat<96/1/28>A>werenotplayedB>nottoplayC>notbeplayedD>didnotplay12.______rightnow,shewouldgetthereonSunday.<96/6/42>A>Wouldsheleave B>IfsheleavesC>WereshetoleaveD>Ifshehadleft13.It’salready5o’clocknow.Don’tyouthinkit’sabouttime______?<96/6/43>A>weweregoinghomeB>wegohomeC>wewenthomeD>wecangohome14.______beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinner<97/1/34>A>HadtheyarrivedB>WouldtheyarriveC>WeretheyarrivingD>Weretheytoarrive15.Hadheworkedharder,he______theexams.<97/6/42>musthavegotthroughB>wouldhavegotthroughC>wouldgetthroughD>couldgetthrough16.Idon’tthinkitadvisablethatTim______tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.<97/6/55>A>isassignedB>willbeassignedC>beassignedD>hasbeenassigned17.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe______himself.<98/1/38>A>injureB>hadinjuredC>injuredD>wouldinjure18.Youdon’thavetobeinsuchahurry,Iwouldratheryou______onbusinessfirst.<98/1/59>A>wouldgoB>willgoC>wentD>havegone19.I’dratheryou______makeanycommentontheissueforthetimebeing.<98/6/48>A>don’tB>wouldn’tC>didn’tD>shouldn’t20.Wewereallforyourproposalthatthediscussion______.<98/6/68>A>beputoffB>wasputoffC>shouldputoffD>istoputoff21."Youareveryselfish.It’shightimeyou______thatyouarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld,"Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.<99/1/57>A>realizedB>haverealized C>realizeD>shouldrealize22.IfIhadn’tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you_______now.<99/1/60>A>wouldn’tbesmilingB>couldn’thavesmiled C>won’tsmile D>didn’tsmile23.Franklyspeaking,I’dratheryou______anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.<99/1/66>A>didn’tdoB>haven’tdone C>don’tdo D>havedone24.Ifthewholeoperation______beforehand,agreatdealoftimeandmoneywouldhavebeenlost.<99/6/43>A>wasnotplannedB>hasnotbeen C>werenotplanned D>hadnotbeenplanned25.AsCommander-in-Chiefonthearmedforces,Ihavedirectedthatallmeasures______forourdefense.<99/6/62>A>betakenB>wouldbetakenC>tobetakenD>hadbeentaken26.Wouldn’tyouratheryourchild______tobedearly?<00/1/49>A>wentB>goesC>goD>wouldgo27.Mike’suncleinsists______inthishotel.<00/1/52>A>thathenotstayB>stayingnotC>thathewouldnotstayD>nottostay28.SometimesIwishI_____inadifferenttimeandadifferentplace.<00/1/58>A>werelivingB>wouldliveC>wouldhavelivedD>beliving29.Itisessentialthattheseapplicationforms______backasearlyaspossible.<00/1/64>A>mustbesentB>willbesentC>besentD>aresent30.Thesuggestionthatthemayor______theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.<00/6/32>A>wouldpresentB>presentC>presentsD>oughttopresent31.Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughter______inthesameoffice.<00/6/48>A>hadnotworkedB>nottoworkC>doesnotworkD>didnotwork32.Itisimportantthatthehotelreceptionist______thatguestsareregisteredcorrectly.<01/1/41>A>makesureB>hasmadesureC>madesureD>mustmakesure33.Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,______allpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.<01/6/53>A>hadlostB>wouldloseC>wouldhavelostD>shouldhavelost34.Jackwishesthathe______businessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.<01/6/50>A>hadstudiedB>studyC>studiedD>hadbeenstudying35.Thearticlesuggeststhatwhenaperson______underunusualstressheshouldbeespeciallycarefultohaveawell-balanceddiet.<02/1/57>A>beB>wasC>isD>were36.Manyadelegatewasinfavorofhisproposalthataspecialcommittee______toinvestigatetheincident.<02/1/58>A>wassetupB>weresetup C>setupD>besetup37.Thingsmighthavebeenmuchworseifthemother______onrighttokeepthebaby.〔02/1/59A>hadinsistedB>hasbeeninsistingC>insistedD>wouldinsistIII.答案及详解:1.C>题意：那棵树看上去好象很久没浇水了.解析：asif引导的方式状语从句,主句用过去时,从句用过去完成时,故选C.2.C>题意：他立刻归还字典是很有必要的.解析："itis/was+形容词+主语从句"中的虚拟语气的动词形式用省略should的动词形式,故选C.3.A>题意：我们希望旅游团的领队能立刻通知计划的一些改变.解析：desire引导的宾语从句中动词应用虚拟形式should+动词原形或省略should,故选A.4.B>题意：瞧瞧我这糟糕的处境！要是我听从你的建议就好了.解析：ifonly引导的句子如果与过去事实相反,动词就用过去完成时,即had+过去分词,故选B.5.B>题意：酒店老板要求客人晚上11点之后不得播放嘈闹的音乐.解析：request引导的宾语从句的虚拟语气用should+动词原形,should可以省略,故选B.6.B>题意：要不是我病了的话,我会帮他一把的.解析："hadnotbeenfor+宾语"表示假设条件,相当于"ifithadnotbeenfor",意思是"要不是…,如果不是…",故选B.7.D>题意：说实话,我宁愿你不要卷入这起案件中.解析：wouldrather+that从句的虚拟语气用过去式,故选D.8.C>题意：据建议这项工程在所有的准备工作就绪之前不应动工.解析："itis+过去分词+that从句"的虚拟语气形式用should+动词原形或省略should的动词原型,故选C.9.A>题意：我原希望我今早上能多睡会,但我不得不起床来上课.解析：由"butIhadto…"可知wish后的宾语从句是对过去的假设,故选A.10.B>题意：简不想现在就工作,因为她认为如果有了一份工作,她就不能常常与朋友们相见.解析：if引导的与将来情况相反的假设的虚拟语气可用should或者wereto+动词原形的形式,故选B.11.C>题意：所有管理人员很有礼貌地请求晚上11点之后不要再播放收音机了.解析："itis+过去分词+that从句"的虚拟语气形式用should+动词原形或省略should的动词原型,故选C.12.C>题意：要使她能立刻动身,她会在星期日到达那儿的.解析：if引导的与将来情况相反的假设的虚拟语气可用should或者wereto+动词原形的形式,故选C.13.C>题意：现在已经5点了,难道你不认为我们该回家了吗？解析：itis<about>time+that从句中的虚拟语气用过去式,故选C.14.D>题意：要使他们能在后天我们出发之前赶到,我们会举行一场盛大的晚会.解析：if引导的虚拟条件句中如果动词是had,should或were的话,可以省略if,把这些动词前置；又由thedayaftertomorrow〔后天可以判断假设的是将来情况,因此选项D是正确答案.15.B>题意：如果他学习努力一些的话,他会通过考试的.解析：if引导的条件句的虚拟语气表示与过去情况相反时,从句用had+过去分词的形式,主句用would+have+过去分词的形式,所以B是正确答案.16.C>题意：我认为分配蒂姆做这份工作是不合理的,因为他没有经验.解析：含有advisable作宾补的宾语从句也须用虚拟语气,形式同它作表语的虚拟语气,因此,省略了should的选项C是答案.17.A>题意：这名疯男子被关进铺了软垫的囚室,以免他伤害自己.解析：lest引导的状语从句的虚拟语气用should+动词原形,should可以省略.18.C>题意：你无须这么匆忙.我宁愿你先出差去.解析：wouldrather后的虚拟语气用过去式,故选C.19.C>题意：我宁愿你暂时对此问题不做任何评价.解析：wouldrather后的虚拟语气用过去式,故选C.20.A>题意：我们都赞成你的提议,即推迟讨论.解析：proposal引出的同位语从句的虚拟语气用should+动词原形或者省略should,该句应用被动语态,故选A.21.A>题意："你非常自私.到了你该意识到你并不是世界上最重要的人物."埃德加气愤地对老板说.解析：itishightime+that从句中的虚拟语气用过去式,故选A.22.A>题意：如果你掉落时我没有站在梯子下接住你,那你现在就不会在这儿微笑了.解析：本句是错综时间的虚拟句,从句虚拟的是过去的情况,用过去完成时,主句虚拟的现在的情况,用过去将来时,又由于now这个表示进行时的时间副词,所以选项A>wouldn’tbesmiling是正确答案.23.A>题意：坦白地讲,我宁愿你暂时对此什么也没做.解析：wouldrather后的虚拟语气用过去式,故选A.24.D>题意：如果整个操作没有提前计划的,那大量的时间和财力就会被浪费掉.解析：if引导的与过去情况相反的假设,从句用过去完成时<had+过去分词>,主句用过去将来完成时〔would+have+过去分词,故选项D是正确答案.25.A>题意：做为武装部队的总司令,我已经命令采取一切措施有利于我们的措施.解析：direct后的宾语从句的虚拟语气用should+动词原形,should可以省略,故选A>betaken.26.A>题意：难道你不原意你的孩子早点上床睡觉？解析：wouldrather后的虚拟语气用过去式,故选A.27.A>题意：迈克的叔叔坚持让他呆在这家旅店.解析：insist后的宾语从句的虚拟语气用should+动词原形,should可以省略,故选A>thathenotstay.28.A>题意：有时候我希望自己生活在一个不同的时代和不同的地方.解析：wish引导一个与现在情况相反的宾语从句时,动词用过去时,并且用were代替was,所以A>wereliving是正确答案.29.C>题意：这些申请表尽可能早地送回来是很必要的.解析："itisessential+that从句"的虚拟语气用should+动词原形,should可以省略.所以选项C是正确答案.30.B>题意：由市长颁发奖品的建议得到了所有人的认可.解析：suggestion引出的同位语从句的虚拟语气用should+动词原形或者省略should,故选B.31.D>题意：经理宁愿其女儿不在同一个办公室工作.解析：wouldrather后的虚拟语气用过去式,故选D.32.A>题意：酒店招待确保客人登记无误是很重要的.解析："itisimportant+that从句"的虚拟语气用should+动词原形,should可以省略.所以选项A是正确答案.33.C>题意：如果涉及到的上百万的计算用人工完成,那么等算完时早已失去其实用价值.解析：if引导的虚拟从句与过去事实相反,从句用"had+过去分词"形式,if省略,had提前,并以插入语的方式置于句中,主句用"would+have+过去分词"形式,所以选项C为正确答案.34.A>题意：杰克常希望他上大学时学的是商业而不是历史.解析：wish引导的宾语从句的虚拟语气如表示对过去情况的假设,动词形式用过去完成式〔had+过去分词或could+have+过去分词的形式,所以选项A>hadstudied是正确答案.35.C>题意：这篇文章建议,当一个人处于不寻常的压力下时,他应该尤其注意自己的饮食平衡.解析：suggest引出的宾语从句的虚拟语气用should+动词原形或省略should的形式,但本句的考查点却不是宾语从句的主句〔heshouldbeespeciallycarefultohaveawell-balanceddiet,而是宾语从句中一个由when引导的时间状语从句,不需用虚拟语气,因此选项C>is是正确答案.36.D>题意：许多代表都赞成他的提议即设立一个专门委员会来调查此事故.解析：proposal引出的同位语从句的虚拟语气用should+动词原形或者省略should,该句是被动语态,故选D.37.A>题意：如果那位母亲坚持不放弃抚养婴儿的权利,那事情可能还要糟糕的多.解析：if引导的与过去情况相反的假设,从句用had+过去分词的形式,主句用would/could+have+过去分词,故选项A是正确答案.第二讲非谓语动词I．考点分析非谓语动词包括现在分词、过去分词、不定式和动名词.非谓语动词既是四级考试的重点也是四级考试的的难点.因为非谓语动词的用法很复杂,它既含有时态语态的变化、又有否定形式.例如：Heseemedtohavewaitedthereforalongtime.<不定式的完成时态>Heseemedtobewaitingforsomeone.<不定式的正在进行时>Heseemedtohavenotknowntheplaceverywell.<不定式的完成时态的否定形式>Heseemedtohavebeentoldaboutit.<不定式的被动语态>一、非谓语动词不同形式的基本用法.现在分词可以用作状语、定语和表语.例如：Thefilmisexciting.<表语>Theexcitingfilmattractedthechildrenverymuch.<定语>Havingfinishingthehomework,childrenwenttotheplaygroundtoplaybasketball.<状语>Theproblembeingdiscussediswhattheyareconcernedwith.<定语>过去分词的用法与现在分词大体相当,可以用作状语、定语和表语.只是表示的意义有所不同.例如：Childrenareexcitedatthefilm.<表语>Theexcitedchildrensanganddancedtothemidnight.<定语>Excitedatthenews,childrenwenttotheplaygroundtoplaybasketball.<状语>Thiswastheproblemdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday.<定语>不定式有两种形式：带to的不定式和不带to的不定式,不定式有进行体、完成体和被动语态.不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、补语、定语和状语等.ItisofImportancetohavegoodfriends.<逻辑主语>Toseeistobelieve.<主语>Iexpecthimtocomebacksoon.<宾语补语>Idon’tknowhowtogetthere.<宾语>Weneedsomeonetohelpus.<定语>Togetthereearlier,westartedat6o’clock.<状语>Theroomseemedtohavebeencleaned.<表语>动名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、补语.Idon’tlikingtalkingwithher.<宾语>Smokingisdangerousforhealth.<主语>Herhobbyiscollectingcoins.<表语>二、四级考试中的非谓语动词考点非谓语动词的时态和语态Thetwobuildingsbeingrepairednowarethestudents’dormitories.<正在进行时表示动作正在发生,被动语态表示被动>Thetwobuildingsrepairedduringthesummervacationsarethestudents’dormitories.<过去分词作定语,表示动作完成>Thetwobuildingstoberepairedarethestudents’dormitories.<不定式表示动做未发生,将要发生>非谓语动词的否定形式和物主代词的用法Notknowingwhattodonext,heaskedmeforhelp.<分词作状语的否定形式>Iregretnottellingherthenewsearlier.<动名词作宾语的否定形式>Idon’tmindyourbeinglate.<动名词作宾语的物主形式>Ipersuadehimnottostaytheretoolong.<不定式作补语的否定形式>现在分词和过去分词区别：现在分词表示现在和主动的意思；过去分词含有被动和完成的意思.例如；OriginallycultivatedInIndia,thebananabroughttotheAmericasbythePortuguesewhofoundItInAfrica句中主语thebanana和cultivate的关系应属被动关系,用过去分词Originallycultivated.Thelostchildwasfoundhidinginthecave.句中hidinginthecave与其主语thechild是主动关系,用现在分词.不定式和动名词的区别：不定式和动名词都可以作宾语,但在英语中不同的动词要求后边的宾语形式不同.有些动词要求动名词所宾语,有些动词要求不定式所宾语,还有些动词既可以用动名词又可以用不定式作宾语,但所表达的意思却不同.所以大家要记住这些特殊的动词.要求不定式所宾语的动词有：expect,urge,Intend,persuade,prefer,cause,encourage,tell,ask,make,let,,要求动名词所宾语的动词有：mind,quit,resent,mention,appreciate,postpone,consider,enjoy,deserve,delay,avoid,escape,deny,resist,admit,fancy,giveup,cannotbut,need,want,feellike下列动词既可以用动名词又可以用不定式作宾语：remember,forget,regret,mean,like,hate,love,stopremember,forget,regret后接不定式表示动作尚未发生；接动名词表示动作已经发生.like,hate,love后接不定式表示具体的或一次性的动作；接动名词表示习惯性或抽象性的动作.stop后接不定式表示停下现在动作去做另一件事；接动名词表示停下现在所进行的动作.mean后接不定式表示打算去做一件事；接动名词表示意思是什么.几种特殊的句型Itisnogood<use>+doingsth.Itisnousearguingwithheraboutthematter.ThereIsno_doingsth.Thereisnotellingwhentostart.But+<to>do:介词前动词若是实义动词do,省略to;介词前动词若不是实义动词do,则不能省略to.Ourparentsrequiredusofnothingbuttostudyhard.Hesaidnothingbuttocry.Hedidnothingbutcry.分词的固定搭配词组：judgingfrom,generallyspeaking,considering,taking…intoconsideration,comparedto<with>独立主格结构独立主格结构是带有逻辑主语的分词短语,它有以下几种形式：主语＋分词Theproblembeingsolved,hewentbackhome.Timepermitting,wewillgooutingthisweekend.Thereporthavingbeenreadalivelydiscussionbegan.With+逻辑主语+分词〔形容词、副词或介词短语等TheoldmancameInwithabookunderhisarm.Theywenthomewiththelightson.三、非谓语动词考点例题时态1．Asapublicrelationsofficer,heissaid______someveryinfluentialpeople.〔01A>toknowB>tobeknowingC>tohavebeenknowingD>tohaveknown2.TheancientEgyptiansaresupposed______rocketstothemoon.〔96/6/37[C]A>tosendB>tobesendingC>tohavesentD>tohavebeensending语态1.SirDenis,whois78,hasmadeitknownthatmuchofhiscollection______tothenation.〔96A>hasleftB>istoleaveC>leavesD>istobeleft2.IfIcorrectsomeone,Iwilldoitwithasmuchgoodhumorandself--restraintasifIweretheone______.〔96A>tocorrectB>correctingC>havingcorrectedD>beingcorrected3.CornoriginatedintheNewWorldandthuswasnotknowninEuropeuntilColumbusfoundit______inCuba.〔00/1/45[B]A>havingcultivatedB>beingcultivatedC>beencultivatedD>cultivating作状语〔不定式,分词1.Couldyoufindsomeone______.〔94/4/63[A]A>formetoplaytenniswithB>formetoplaytennisC>playtenniswith D>playingtenniswith2.______ateacherinauniversity,itisnecessarytohaveatleastamaster'sdegree.〔95/1/48[A]A>TobecomeB>BecomeC>OnebecomeD>Onbecoming3.Thisprogrammewillexaminethewriter'sbooksindetail______anintroductiontoherlife.〔94/4/70[A]A>followingB>havingfollowedC>beingfollowedD>tobefollowed4.Thehousewasveryquiet______atitwasonthesideofamountain.〔99/6/48[A]A>isolated B>beingisolatedC>isolatingD>havingbeenisolated作宾补〔分词1.InAustraliatheAsiansmaketheirinfluence______inbusinesseslargeandsmall.〔94/4/67[C]A>feelingB>feelC>feltD>tobefelt2.Don'tgetyourschedule______;staywithusinthisclass.〔96/1/42[C]A>tochangeB>changingC>changedD>change作后置定语<分词>1.Homework______ontimewillleadtobettergrades.〔95/1/44[A]A>done B>bedone C>havingdoneD>tohavebeendone2.Asearlyas1647Ohiomadeadecisionthatfree,tax-supportedschoolmustbeestablishedIneverytown______50householdormore.〔98/1/36[A]A>havingB>tohaveC>tohavehadD>havinghad作宾语<动名词>1.Annneverdreamsof______forhertobesentabroadverysoon.〔98/6/43[A]A>therebeingachanceB>theretobeachanceC>therebeachanceD>beingachance2.Hegivespeopletheimpression______allhislifebroad.〔98/6/46[A]A>ofhavingspentB>tohavespentC>ofbeingspentD>tospend特殊动词后接不定式作宾语1.Iwouldappreciate______itasecret.〔95/6/41[A]A>yourkeepingB>youtokeepC>thatyoukeepD>thatyouwillkeep2.Markoftenattemptstoescape______wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.〔95/6/42[D]A>havingbeenfinedB>tobefinedC>tohavebeenfinedD>beingfined3.IfIhadremembered__thewindow,thethiefwouldnothavegotin.〔96/1/40[A]A>tocloseB>closingC>tohaveclosedD>havingclosed4.Themaninthecornerconfessedto_____alietothemanagerofthecompany.〔97/6/58[D]A>havetoldB>betoldC>beingtold D>havingtoldII.历届考题中的非谓语动词1.______theearthtobeflat,manyfearedthatColumbuswouldfalloftheedgeoftheearth.〔9A>HavingbelievedB>BelievingC>BelievedD>Beingbelieved2.Thetraditionalapproach______withcomplexproblemsistobreakthemdownintosmaller,moreeasilymanagedproblems.〔96/6/33A>todealingB>indealingC>dealingD>todeal3.WhenIcaughthim______meIstoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.〔97/1/44A>cheatingB>cheatC>tocheatD>tobecheating4.Yourhairwants_______.You'dbetterhaveitdonetomorrow.〔97/6/48A>cutB>tocutC>cuttingD>beingcut5._______,amanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidlythanamanwhosecommandoflanguageispoor.〔97/6/56A>Otherthingsbeingequal B>wereotherthingsequalC>Tobeequaltootherthings D>Otherthingstobeequal6.Althoughpunctualhimself,theprofessorwasquiteused______lateforhislecture.〔9A>tohavestudentsB>forstudents’beingC>forstudentstobeD>tostudents’being7.Peopleappreciate______withhimbecausehehasagoodsenseofhumor.〔98/1/37A>toworkB>tohaveworkedC>workingD>havingworked8.Theyaregoingtohavetheserviceman______anelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.〔98/1/44A>installB>toinstallC>tobeinstalledD>installed9.Allthings______theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.〔98/6/49A>consideredB>beconsideredC>considering D>havingconsidered10.Allflights______becauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.〔99/1/51A>hadbeencanceledB>havebeencanceledC>werecanceledD>havingbeencanceled11.Hisremarksleftme______abouthisrealpurpose.〔99/6/45A>wonder B>wonderingC>wonderedD>towonder12.Ihaveheardbothteachersandstudents______wellofhim.〔99/6/46A>speakB>tospeakC>spoken D>tohavespoken13.Thiscrophassimilarqualitiestothepreviousone,______bothwind-resistantandadaptedtothesametypeofsoil.〔99/6/57A>beenB>tobeC>beingD>havingbeen14.Theproject______bytheendof2000,willexpandthecity'stelephonenetworktocover1,000,000users.〔99/6/68A>beingaccomplishedB>tobeaccomplishedC>accomplished D>havingbeenaccomplished15.Idon'tmind______thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.〔00/1/43A>yourdelayingtomakeB>youdelaytomakeC>yourdelayingmakingD>youtodelaymaking16.Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience______onbenches,chairsorboxes.〔00/1/46A>havingseatedB>seatingC>havingbeenseated D>seated17.Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo______bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.〔00/A>unrecordedB>tobeunrecordedC>unrecording D>tohavebeenunrecorded18.Ihavenoobjection______yourstoryagain.〔00/A>tohearB>tohearingC>tohavingheardD>tohaveheard19.Youwillseethisproduct______whereveryougo.〔00/A>tobeadvertisedB>advertisedC>advertiseD>advertising20.Peter,whohadbeendrivingallday,suggested______atthenexttown.〔00/6/34A>tostopB>stoppingC>stopD>havingstopped21.Hewasn'tappointedchairmanofthecommittee,____notverypopularwithallitsmembers.〔0A>tobeconsideredB>consideringC>beingconsideredD>havingconsidered22.______inarecentsciencecompetition,thethreestudentswereawardedscholarshipstotaling$21,000.〔0A>TobejudgedthebestB>HavingjudgedthebestC>JudgedthebestD>Judgingthebest23.I'llneverforget______youforthefirsttime.〔0A>tomeetB>tohavemetC>meetingD>havingtobemeeting24.Thatyoungmanstilldenies______thefirebehindthestore.〔0A>tostartB>havingstartedC>startD>tohavestarted25.Withthedevelopmentinscienceandtechnologymancanmakevariousflowers______beforetheirtime.〔0A>bebloomedB>bloomC>bloomedD>blooming26.Thepresidentpromisedtokeepalltheboardmembers______ofhowthenegotiationsweregoingon.〔0A>informB>informingC>beinformedD>informed27.Allthetasks______aheadoftime,theydecidedtogoonholidayforaweek.〔0A>beenfulfilledB>havingbeenfulfilledC>werefulfilledD>hadbeenfulfilledIII.答案与详解1.B>题意：由于人们认为地球是扁平的,所以人们担心哥伦布会走到在地球的边缘.解析：句中many是动作believe的发出者,主语many和believe的关系应属主动关系,用现在分词.2.A>题意：解决复杂问题的传统方法是把它们分解成众多的容易解决的小问题.解析：句中approach后定语要用介词to,介词后接动名词dealing,所以选A>.3.A>题意：当我发现他骗我时,我不再在那买东西了.我去另一家商店购物了.解析：句中cheating作宾语him的补语,二者之间是主动关系,要用现在分词,所以选A>.4.C>题意：你的头发需要剪了,你最好明天去理发.解析：句中动词want后需要接动名词作宾语,而且动名词的主动语态表示被动.所以选C>.5.A>题意：如果其他条件相同,一个善于表达自己思想的人肯定会比语言能力弱的人成功的机会大.解析：句中A>Otherthingsbeingequal是独立主格结构,在句中作状语.6.D>题意：尽管教授自己很准时,他已经很习惯于学生在他的课上迟到了.解析：beusedto习惯于,该词组中后接动名词,因为迟到的主体是学生所以用students’being.7.C>题意：人们喜欢与他一同工作,因为他具有很强的幽默感.解析：句中动词appreciate后需要接动名词作宾语.所以选C>.8.A>题意：他们打算明天找电工给办公室安装上一台电扇.解析：havesb.do意思是找某人做事,注意区别另一个习惯用法：havesth.done请某人把事做了.9.A>题意：考虑到所有的因素,原计划的旅行取消了.解析：Allthingsconsidered是独立主格结构,在句中作状语.由于主体Allthings和动词consider之间是被动关系,所以选A>10.D>题意：因为暴风雪天气,所有的航班都取消了.许多旅客只能乘火车.解析：beusedto习惯于,该词组中后接动名词,因为迟到的主体是学生所以用students’being.Allflightshavingbeencanceled同样是独立主格结构,在句中作状语.由于主体Allflights和动词cancel之间是被动关系所以用被动,同时主句和从句动词之间又先后关系,主句动作发生在从句动作之后,所以用完成时态,选D>.11.B>题意：他的话使我怀疑起他的真正目的.解析：Wondering在句中作宾语补语,由于动词wonder和主体me之间是主动关系,所以选B>.12.A>题意：我从教师和学生那都听到他的好话.解析：动词hear接不带to的不定式,动词speak和主体teachersandstudents之间是主动关系,所以选A>.13.C>题意：这种庄稼和从前的那种一样,特点相似.二者都有抗风和适应同一种类型的土地的特点.解析：句中C>beingbothwind-resistantandadaptedtothesametypeofsoil是分词作定语,修饰thepreviousone.14.B>题意：将要在2000年末完成的项目,将使城市的电话网覆盖面扩大到一百万.解析：在这里B>tobeaccomplished是Theproject的定语,由于主体Theproject和动词accomplish之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态；又由于动词accomplish还没有完成,是将要完成,所以要用不定式,故选B>15.C>题意：你稍后作出决定我不介意,因为时间还来得及.解析：句中动词mind后需要接动名词作宾语,又因为delay的主体不是I,而是you,所以选C>yourdelayingmaking.16.D>题意：销售活动通常在室外进行,观众坐在凳子、椅子或盒子上.解析：句中withtheaudienceseatedonbenches,chairsorboxes是独立主格结构,在句中作状语.由于动词seated通常用beseated形式,因此选D>.17.A>题意：调查表明犯罪在警察那没有记录,因为并不是所有的受害者都会报案的.解析：在这里A>unrecorded表示主体crimes和动词unrecord之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态.18.B>题意：我不反对再听一遍你的故事.解析：动词object和其同跟名词objection后需要接to+动名词,又因为object的主体是I,所以选B>tohearing.19.B>题意：你在哪都可以看到这种产品的广告.解析：在这里B>advertised是thisproduct的定语,由于主体thisproduct和动词advertise之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词,故选B>20.B>题意：彼得开了一天的车建议能再到一个城镇时停下来休息.解析：句中动词suggest后需要接动名词作宾语,所以选B.21.C>题意：考虑到他在成员中的威信,他没有被任命为委员会主席.解析：句中是分词短语作原因状语,动词consider和主体He之间是被动关系,故要用现在分词的被动形式.22.A>题意：由于在最近的科学竞赛中,三个学生被认为是最优秀的而被授予两万一千美元的全奖奖学金.解析：在这里分词短语Judgedthebestinarecentsciencecompetition作原因状语,由于动词judge和主体thethrees