2023-2024学年湖南省长沙市高二（上）期末英语试卷

长沙市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷时量：120分钟 总分：150分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每题1.5分，共7.5分）5A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。l.WhatwillthewomandothisSunday?A.Goboating. B.Goshopping. C.Goswimming.2.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Givingdirections. B.Workinginabank. C.Askingthe3.Whatdoesthemansayabouthisnewjob?Itischallenging.ItisofferedbySamsung.Itisthesameashisformerjob.4.Whendidthelasttrainleave?A.At7:00pm. B.At8:00pm. C.At9:00pm.Whatdidthemando?HesaidsorrytoJenny.HebrokeJenny'spencilbox.HethrewJenny'sbookseverywhere.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)5A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每55听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。Whatdoesthewomanwantforherself?A.Carrotjuice. B.Applejuice. C.Orange7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?Hostandguest.Husbandandwife.Waiterandcustomer.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whathasthemanlost?A.Apassport. B.Adress. C.A9.Whatwillthewomandonext?Payforherclothes.Makeaphonecall.Turninapassport.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?Inahotel B.Atanairport. C.Inadepartmentstore.811131l.Whydoesthewomancalltheman?A.Toaskhimtogotohospital.Toinvitehimtoameal.Toremindhimtohavearest.What'sthematterwiththeman?A.Hehasaheadache.HefailedhisChinesetest.Heforgottotakemedicine.Whowillthemanwriteto?A.Thewoman. B.Hisparents. C.HisChinesefriends.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。Whatisanadvantageofowningasmallbusiness?A.Lowercost. B.Morecustomers. C.Easiertosucceed.15.Wheredidthemangetthemoneytostarthisrestaurant?Fromabank.Fromaprivateorganization.Fromhisownsavings.Whatdoesthewomanwanttoopen?A.Agrocerystore.B.Alawyer'soffice.C.Anicecreamshop.Howdoesthemanfeelabouthavingasmallbusiness?A.Risky. B.Rewarding. C.Busy.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。WhenwastheNottingHillCarnivalfirst.held?A.In1694. B.In1946. C.In1964.HowmanypeopleattendedthefirstNottingHillCarnival?.Lessthan1,000. B.Morethan1,000. C.Around1,000,000.WhatdopeopledointheNottingHillCarnival?ATheywearblackmasks.Theywhitentheirfaces.Theyadvertisewhitecostumes.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWorldHeritagesitesinChinaNow,Chinahas56sitesinscribedontheUNESCOWorldHeritagelist.Let’stakealookatsomeofthem.AncientCityofPingYaoBuiltmorethan2,700yearsago,theAncientCityofPingYaoisthebestpreservedancientHanChinesecity.Itgivesinsightintotheancientprosperousbusinesspioneers,whoestablishedthefirstbanksinChinaduringMingandQingdynasties(14th-20thcenturies).ThecitywaslistedasaWorldNaturalHeritageSitebyUNESCOonDecember3,1997.ClassicalGardensofSuzhouSuzhou,acityinEastChina’sJiangsuprovince,isfamousforitsclassicalgardens.BuiltbetweentheNorthernSongDynastyandthelateQingDynasty(11-19thcentury),theclassicalgardensofSuzhoufeatureminiaturerocks,hillsandelegantpavilionssetamidstmurmuringwaters.TheclassicalgardensofSuzhouwereaddedontothelistonDecember4,1997.AncientVillagesinsouthernAnhui—XidiandHongcunLocatedinsouthernAnhui,XidiandHongcunbelongtothecategoryofarchitecturalcomplexes,withahighhistoricalandartisticvalue.ThevillagesrepresentthearchitecturalfeaturesoftheHuizhou-styleresidentialhousesintheperiodoftheMingandQingdynasties.XidiandHongcunwereaddedontothelistonNovember30,2000.FujianTulouLocatedinEastChina’sFujianprovince,the46multi-storeyearthenhouseswerebuiltonabaseofstonefordefensepurposes.ThearchitecturalartsoftheFujianTuloucanbetracedbacknearly1,000years,andtheirdesignincorporatesthetraditionoffengshui.TulouwasaddedontothelistonJuly6,2008.FormoreinformationabouttheworldheritagesitesinChina,pleaseclickthelinkbelow.WhichofthefollowingsiteswasfirstlistedasaWorldHeritageSite?A.AncientCityofPingYao. B.ClassicalGardensofSuzhou.C.XidiandHongcun. D.FujianTulou.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?FujianTulouwasbuiltwiththeintentionofdefending.AncientCityofPingYaowasthebestpreservedChinesecity.ClassicalGardensofSuzhouwerebuiltfortheancientemperors.XidiandHongcunrepresentthearchitecturalfeaturesofnorthernAnhui.Wherecanthetextmostprobablybetakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Awebsite.C.Amagazine. D.Atravelbooklet.BAwomanwithcerebralpalsy(脑瘫)finishedthemostdifficultclimbofherlifeintheRockyMountainswiththehelpofanonprofitorganizationcalledNoBarriers.MelissaSimpson,31,hasfacedphysicalchallengesinherentirelifeasshewasbornwithcerebralpalsy,weighinglessthan2pounds.Shespentherfirsttwomonthsoflifeonabreathingmachineandhasalwaysusedawheelchair.Herdisabilitymadeheraneasytarget.“Peoplewouldlaughandmakefunofme,”sheexplained.Fromherwindow,shecouldseesomeofthetallestpeaks(山峰)inColorado.Climbingthemwasherdream,butitwasalwaysjustoutofreach—untilrecently,thankstothehelpfromNoBarriers.Theorganization,whichempowerspeoplewithphysicalandmentaldifficultiestoachievetheirgoals,recentlyorganizedahikeintheRockyMountainsforabout400peopleofallabilities.Simpsonusedaspeciallydesignedchairwithhandlevers(手杆)topowerthewheelsforwardalongsideavolunteerteampullingherwithropes.“Idon’tletmydisabilitiesstopme.SometimesImightbelike,‘Ohman,Ican’tgetthroughthis.’ButI’vegottochangethatattitude,”Simpsonsaid.Simpson’sjourneytoreachingthepeaksoutsideherwindowbeganwhenshedisobeyedateacherwhooncetoldhershe“wouldn’tgetanywhereinthisworld”bygraduatingcollegewithanassociate’sdegreein2017.ReachingthepeakwithNoBarrierswasanemotionalmomentforSimpson,whobrokedownintearsasvolunteerscarriedhertoaperchonarock.“Idon’tthinkofmydisability,andIdon’tparticularlymindwhethertobedefinedasadisabledperson.Icandothings,butIdothemdifferently,”Simpsonsaid.WhatcanwelearnaboutSimpson?Shehasaninborndisability.Peoplearoundhertreatedherwell.Climbingwasnotdifficultatallforher.Thewaysheclimbedthemountainwasnothingspecial.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“empowers”meaninparagraph4?A.Orders. B.Begs. C.Forbids. D.Enables.Accordingtothepassage,Simpsonisdisabledbut .A.helpful B.strong-willed C.caring D.generousWhatcanbeinferredfromthistext?A.Everycoinhastwosides. B.It’snevertoolatetolearn.C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. D.Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart.CInJuly2021,astronautsonboardtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)plantedpepperseedsaspartofanexperimenttotestwhichplantscouldbesuccessfullygrowninspace.Thepepperswereharvestedfourmonthslater,andtheteamcelebratedwithapartyandtastetest.ForastronautslivingmostlyoffprepackagedfoodsformonthsatatimeontheISS,freshandflavourfulproduceiswelcomed.WithlongmissionstotheMoonandMarsinfocus,NASAisworkingtofindsustainablewaysforastronautstoenjoyfreshfoods,whichwilladdkeynutrientstotheirdietsandimprovetheirstateofmind.Astronautshavegrownradishes,zinniasandavarietyoflettucesonboardtheISSbefore,butthisisthefirsttimetheygrewpeppers,whichposedanewchallenge,reportsElizabethHowellforSpace.com.BiologistsattheKennedySpaceCentrespenttwoyearspickingtheperfectpepper.Theywantedtotrypeppersbecausethey’reagreatsourceofvitaminsandnutrients.andtheycanbeeatenraworcooked.Plus,peppersarefairlylowmaintenance保养)togrow.InJune,acarrierdeliveredsuppliestotheISSalongwithapackageof48pepperseeds.Astronautsonboardplantedtheseedsinamicrowaveoven-sizedgrowingcontainer.Theconditionsinit—suchaslighting,wateringandaircirculation—werecontrolledbyacrewbasedattheKennedySpaceCentre.Onboard,theastronautscollecteddataandofferedfeedbackontheflavourofthepeppers.“Thisisimportantbecausethefoodastronautseatneedstobeasgoodastherestoftheirequipment,”LaShelleSpencer,aplantscientistatNASA.saidoverthesummer.“TosuccessfullysendpeopletoMarsandbringthembacktoEarth,wewillnotonlyrequirethemostnutritiousfoods,butthebesttastingonesaswell.”Whydidastronautsattempttoplantpepperinspace?Onlypeppercangrowinspace.Therewerenoenoughfoodforastronauts.Humanswantedtotestwhichplantscangrowinspace.Peppercangrowbetterthanotherplants.Whatspecialbenefitsdoespepperhavecomparedwithotherplants?A.Itsnutrientsarethehighest. B.Itneedn’ttoomuchlatercare.C.Itimprovestheirstateofmindmost. D.Thevitaminsinitarethemost.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph5?A.Container. B.Package. C.Microwave. D.Seed.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?Astronautneedspecialnutritiontokeepthebeststateofmind.Theideathatpepperisgrowninspaceissilly.Itisthecarrierthatisinchargeofsendingfeedbackonthepeppers.Peppercan’tbeeatencookedinspacebutitcanbeeatenraw.DAburgershopcalledtheNoBrandBurgerintheSouthKoreancapitalisabitdifferentfromtypicalfast-foodrestaurants:Itskeystaffarerobots.Fromordertopick-up,customersdon’tneedasingleface-to-faceinteraction.Alltheyneedtodoistoclickthemenutheywantonakiosk(售货亭)touchscreen,payandwaitforaservingrobottobringtheirtakeoutbagtothepick-upspot.Whilewaitingfortheirfood,customerstakephotosorstarewithcuriosityatthecapsule-shapedrobots,whichremindpeopleofthepopularcharactersfromtheanimatedfilm“DespicableMe.”TheyellowandblackcolorsoftheNoBrandBurgerrestaurantalsogivetheplacethelookofatoyshop.“ThisisthefirsttimeI’veactuallyseensuchrobots,sotheyarereallyamazingandfun,”saidShinHyunSoo,a31-year-oldofficeworkertryingouttheservice.Thehumanstaffdohavearoletoplay,therestaurant’smanagerBaeexplained,addingtoppingstothecookedingredientsbeforewrappingthemandpassingthemovertoarobottoserve.“Thecustomercantakethefoodwithoutanydirectcontactwiththestaff,”Baesaid.BeforeMonday,SouthKoreahadforthelastfewweeksallowedrestaurantstoprovideonlydeliveriesandtakeoutmealsafter9p.m.InAugust,takeoutordersaccountedfor58%ofNoBrandBurger’stotalsales,upby16%fromJuly,accordingtoShinsegaeFood,theSouthKoreanfoodcompanythatoperatesNoBrandBurger.NoBrandBurgerisn’ttheonlylocalrestaurantusingrobotstoservecustomers.SouthKorea’smajorITcompanyKThaspartneredwiththefamilyrestaurantchainMadforGarlictoprovideAlservingrobots.Using3-Dspacemappingandothertechnology,therobotcanfreelymovethroughthenarrowlanesbetweentablesandavoidobstaclestoreachitsdestination,saidLeeYoungjin,teamleaderofAIPlatformBusinessTeamatKT.Therobotcanserveuptofourtablespertrip.“Childrencustomersoftenliketoseetherobot.Also,customersingeneralfeelitisfreshertoreceivetheirfoodthroughtherobotbecauseoftheCOVID-19,”saidLeeYoung-ho,themanagerofoneMadforGarlicrestaurantusingtherobots.WhyistheNoBrandBurgerrestaurantsospecial?Becausemoststaffarerobots.Becauseitemploysnohumanstaff.Becauseitscolorsareyellowandwhite.Becauseitisalsoatoyshop.WhatisShinHyunSoo’sattitudetowardstherobots?A.Uninterested. B.Positive. C.Negative. D.Neutral.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?Mostrestaurantsuserobotstoservecustomersnow.Itisnousehavinghumanstaffintherestaurant.Mostcustomersshownointerestinservingrobots.RobotsbringsgreaterprofitsforNoBrandBurger.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?Newtechnologyhelpschangetheworld.Servingrobotsbringalotofadvantages.AIrobotsserverestaurantsinSouthKorea.Restaurantsuserobotstoattractcustomers.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Anyonewhohastriedtoconcentrateonadifficultorboringpieceofworkwillknowhowtoughitcanbe,butthefollowingscience-backedtipscanhelp.Getridofdistractions(分心的事物)Howdowefocusbetterifwearealwaysbombarded(轰炸)withinformation?36Researchersfoundthatcognitivecapacity(认知能力)wassignificantlybetterwhenthephonewasoutofsight,notjustswitchedoff.Keepingyourprimaryfocusistocompletewhatyouneedtodo.Duringthistime,requestthatyoubeleftalone.Shuttingoffexternaldisturbancescanhelpyouconcentrate.37Scientificresearchisstartingtocollectevidenceontheabilityofbraintrainingactivitiestostrengthenconcentrationinadults.Suchbraintraininggamescanalsohelpyoudevelopyourworkingandshort-termmemory,aswellasyourprocessingandproblem-solvingskills.Examplesofsuchgamesincludejigsawpuzzles,chess,andbrain-stimulatingvideogames.StopforabreakWhenyoufocusonsomethingforalongtime,yourfocusmaybegintodiedown.38.Researchershavefoundthatourbrainstendtoignoresourcesofconstantstimulation(刺激).Takingverysmallbreakscandramaticallyimprovementalconcentrationafterthat.Movearoundortalktosomeonewhenyoubegintofeelstuck.39Getsomeworkouts40 .Theypromotebrainhealthtoo,whichisimportantformemorycapacityandconcentration,accordingtoJohnRatey,associateclinicalprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool.Sostartyourdaywithsimpleexercisesandgetyourbodymoving.TrainyourbrainMonitoryourbrainactivitiesClosesocialmediaandkeepyourphonehiddenfromsightinabagRoutineexercisereleaseschemicalskeyformemoryandconcentrationYouwillcomebackwithamorefocusedmindtokeepyourperformancehighExerciseslikerunning,swimming,andweightliftingaren’tjustgoodforthebodyYoumayfeelitbecomesmoreandmoredifficulttodevoteyourattentiontothetask第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每题1分，满分15分）阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Whenhewasachild,LouZhonghuawantedtobeafirefighter.“Ialwaysfeltthatdrivingafiretrucktoputoutafirewasamazinglyathingtobe41of,”saidthe50-year-oldfromYiwu,Zhejiangprovince.Whenhewasoldenough,Lou42tojointhefiredepartment,buthisapplicationwas43afterhefailedthephysicalexamination.Hewentontoworkasadriverforatransportationcompany,until2003whenhewas44asaforestfirefighterinhisvillage.Loupatrolled(巡逻)thewoods,45anythingthatmightcauseafire.Hisdevotionandhardworkledtohimbeingappointedaleaderoftheforestfirefightingteamwhenitwasestablishedin2005.Hemovedhisfamilyintothe46 inordertopatrolmoreeffectivelyandbuiltafarmwithroomswhichwereusedto47fireequipment.Heclearedroadsthroughtheforesttogivebettervehicular(车辆的)48andevenboughtafiretruckwithhisownmoney.Hiswife,HuangWuzhen,learnedhowtofightfiresaswellandbecametheonly49forestfirefighterinYiwu.“It’sa(n)50job,butIchoosetofightfireswithhimratherthanstayathome51 ,”sheTheir19-year-oldson,LouJiajun,hasalsofollowedinhisfather’sfootstepsandwillbecomeaprofessionalfirefighterafterbeingacceptedintothefiredepartmentearlierthisyear.InYiwu,wildfiresarecommon,52inwinterwhentheweatherisdry.OvertheSpringFestivalholidayof2014,Louandhisfamilyexhaustedthemselvesputtingoutfireswithafirehose(水管)aftertraditionalfireextinguishers(灭火器)hadnoeffectatall.“Itwasvery53 forustocarryfireextinguishersupthemountains,”thefathersaid.ThisexperienceconvincedLouZhonghuathatheneededhisownfiretruck,soheusedhisownmoneytobuya400,000yuanfiretruck.“Aslongaswecan54ourbeautifulhome-landwell,it’sworththe55.”Lousaid.41.A.proudB.ashamedC.afraidD.serious42.A.continuedB.appliedC.failedD.needed43.A.adoptedB.appreciatedC.advocatedD.refused44.A.prohibitedB.preparedC.employedD.fired45.A.contributingtoB.switchingoffC.combiningwithD.searchingfor46.A.cityB.woodsC.departmentD.village47.A.produceB.trackC.storeD.detect48.A.accessB.innovationC.repairD.application49.A.secureB.remarkableC.extraordinaryD.female50.A.dangerousB.efficientC.pleasantD.boring51.A.warningB.weepingC.worryingD.hesitating52.A.especiallyB.potentiallyC.perhapsD.apparently53.A.availableB.impossibleC.automaticD.inconvenient54.A.chooseB.protectC.affectD.destroy55.A.consequenceB.acknowledgementC.effortD.memory第二节（共10小题；每题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Genescanshapeourlives.Thecompletesetofgenesinsideacelloranylivingbeingiscalledagenome,56. notonlycarriesalltheinformationneededtomakeusgrowanddevelop,butalso57. (contain)informationthatdeterminesourlifespanandourchancesofcontractingcertaindiseases.Geneticistsbelievegenomeeditingcaneffectivelytreatandpreventdiseases.Itallowsgeneticists58. (change)thegenomebycorrecting,adding,deletingorreplacingspecificpartsofthegeneticmaterial.Geneticistshopethatthetechnologycan59. (apply)totreatdifferenthealthproblems.Anditpossiblypreventsdiseasesfromeverdevelopingbycorrecting60. (normal)genesearlyon.Asanewweaponinthefightagainstdiseases,genomeeditingwillleadtoafundamentalchangeinourapproach61. healthcare.However,withtherapiddevelopmentofthetechnology,peoplebecome62. (concern)abouthowtouseitbecauseitbringsaboutsomemoralissues.63. ,weshouldtakeappropriatemeasurestopreventitfromrunningwild.Despitepublicdebateonthetechnology,ithasmadegreat64. (contribute)tothewholemedicalcommunity.Itis65. (undoubted)oneofthegreatestinnovationsinthehistoryofscience.第四部分写作（满分40分）第一节应用文写作（满分15分）66.假如你是你校学生会主席李华,下周五学校将在学校剧场举办“EnglishParty”,请你给你校的外籍教师Mr.Johnson发一封电子邮件,邀请他参加。要点包括:“EnglishParty”的时间和地点;晚会的节目有英文歌曲、短剧、舞蹈等;3.邀请Johnson参加并担任主持人。注意:1.词数80左右,开头结尾已经给出,不计入词数; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。参考词汇: