2023年高等教育公共课自考-00012英语(一)考试历年参考核心考点荟萃附答案

（图片大小可任意调节）2023年高等教育公共课自考-00012英语(一)考试历年参考核心考点荟萃附答案第一卷一.参考题库(共20题)1.TrueFriendship YoungadultfilmmakersallhopetoshowtheirworksininternationalfestivalslikeSundanceandToronto.Butwhataboutreallyyoungfilmmakerswhoaren'tinfilmschoolyetandaren't，strictlyspeaking，evenadults？ TheyareattheheartofWingspanArtsKidsFilmFestival，tomorrow，inasettinganydirectormightenvy：LincolnCenter.Completewith"redcarpet"interviewsandvariousawards，thefestivalhasmuchincommonwitheventsformoreexperiencedmoviemakers，exceptfortheageoftheparticipants：about8to18. "What'sreallyexcitingisthatit'sfilmforkidsbykids，"saidCoriGardner，managingdirectorofWingspanArts，a nonprofitorganizationofferingyouthprogramsintheNewYorkarea.ThisyearthefestivalwillincludefilmsnotonlyfromWingspanbutalsofromothercityorganizationsandonefromamiddleschoolinArlington，Virginia."Wewanttomakethisanationalevent."Ms.Gardneradded. ThenineshortstobeshownrangefromaClaymationbiographyofB.B.Kingtoasciencefictionadventuresetintheyear3005."Alotofthematerialisreallymature，"Ms.Gardnersaid，talkingaboutfilmsbytheNewYorkCitybranchofGlobalActionProject，amediaartsandleadership-traininggroup."TheChoiceisaboutthehistoryofafamilyandMasterAnti-Smokerisabouttheangersofsecond-handsmoke."DreamoftheInvisiblesdescribesyoungimmigrants'（移民）feelingsofbothbelongingandnotbelongingintheiradoptedcountry. Thefestivalwillendwithanopenreceptionatwhichotherfilmswillbeshown.Theseincludeamusicvideoandafull-lengthfilmwhosetitleisPressures.YoungadultfilmmakersallhopetoshowtheirworksininternationalfestivalslikeSundanceandToronto.（）A、TrueB、FalseC、NotGiven2.MajoredFinance Anincreaseinstudents（11）tostudyeconomicsatuniversityisbeingattributedto（归因于）theglobaleconomiccrisisawakeningapublicthirstforknowledgeabouthowthe（12）systemworks. Applicationsfordegreecoursesbeginningthisautumnwereupby15%thisJanuary，accordingtoUCAS，the UniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService.A（13）fortheRoyalEconomicSocietysaidapplicationstodoeconomicsatA-levelwerealsoup. ProfessorJohnBeath，thepresidentofthesocietyandaleadinglectureratStAndrewsUniversity，saidhisfirst-yearlectures—whichareopentostudentsfromalldepartments—were（14）crowdsof400，ratherthantheusual250. "Therearealargenumberofstudentswhoarenot（15）majors，whowouldliketolearnsomethingaboutit.OneofthethingsIhavedonethisyearistorelatemyteachingtocontemporary（16）inawaythatonehasn'ttraditionallydone，"headded. Universityapplicationsrose7%lastyear.Buttherewererisesaboveaverageinseveralsubjects.Nursingsawa15%jump，withpeople'srenewedinterestin（17）inthepublicsector（部门），whichareseenasmoresecureineconomiccrisis. Arecentstudyshowedalmosttwothirdsofparents（18）schoolsshoulddomoretoteachpupilsaboutfinancial matters，andalmosthalfsaidtheirchildrenhadaskedthemwhatwasgoingon，althougha（19）ofparentsfelttheydidnotunderstanditthemselveswellenoughtoexplain. ZackHocking，theheadofchildtrustfunds，said："It'spossiblethatonegoodthingto（20）fromthedownturnwillbeagenerationthat'sfinanciallywiserandbetterequippedtomanagetheirmoneythroughtimesofeconomicuncertainty."17.（）A、financialB、applyingC、careersD、minorityE、drawingF、economicsG、believedH、purposeI、spokesmanJ、eventsK、eventsL、professional3.MelissaPoe MelissaPoewas9yearsoldwhenshe（31）acampaignforacleanerenvironmentbywritingalettertothethenPresidentBush.Throughherownefforts，herletterwasreproducedonover250donatedbillboards（广告牌）（32）thecountry. Theresponsetoherpleahelpwasso（33）thatPoeestablishedKidsForACleanerEnvironment（KidsF.A.C.E.）in1989.Therearenow300，000（34）ofKidsF.A.C.E.worldwideandistheworldslargestyouthenvironmentalorganization. PoehasalsopetitionedtheNationalParkServiceto（35）a"Children'sForest"projectineverynationalpark.In1992，shewasinvitedasoneofonlysixchildrenintheworldtospeakattheEarthSummitinBrazilaspartoftheVoicesoftheFutureProgram.In1993，shewasgivenaCaringAwardforher（36）bytheCaringInstitute. Sincetheorganizationstarted，KidsF.A.C.B.membershavedistributedandplantedover1million，trees!Ongoingtree-plantingprojectsincludethe（37）ofKid'sYards-backyardwildlifehabitats（栖息地）-andKidF.A.C.E.isinvolvedintheexcitingEarthOdyssey，whichisagreatwaytostarthelping. "Startingtheclub（38）outtobeawaytohelppeoplegetinvolvedwiththeenvironment-clubmembersstarteddoingthingslikerecycling，pickinguplitterandplantingtreesaswellasinvitingotherkidstojointheirclub." "Wetrytotellkidsthatit'snotOKtobelazy，"sheexplains."Youneedtostartbeingaresponsible，environmentally（39）personnow，rightaway，（40）youbecomearesource-suckingadult.”34.（）A、creationB、acrossC、implementD、beforeE、membersF、beganG、turnedH、purposeI、overwhelmingJ、effortsK、friendlyL、professional4.MelissaPoe MelissaPoewas9yearsoldwhenshe（31）acampaignforacleanerenvironmentbywritingalettertothethenPresidentBush.Throughherownefforts，herletterwasreproducedonover250donatedbillboards（广告牌）（32）thecountry. Theresponsetoherpleahelpwasso（33）thatPoeestablishedKidsForACleanerEnvironment（KidsF.A.C.E.）in1989.Therearenow300，000（34）ofKidsF.A.C.E.worldwideandistheworldslargestyouthenvironmentalorganization. PoehasalsopetitionedtheNationalParkServiceto（35）a"Children'sForest"projectineverynationalpark.In1992，shewasinvitedasoneofonlysixchildrenintheworldtospeakattheEarthSummitinBrazilaspartoftheVoicesoftheFutureProgram.In1993，shewasgivenaCaringAwardforher（36）bytheCaringInstitute. Sincetheorganizationstarted，KidsF.A.C.B.membershavedistributedandplantedover1million，trees!Ongoingtree-plantingprojectsincludethe（37）ofKid'sYards-backyardwildlifehabitats（栖息地）-andKidF.A.C.E.isinvolvedintheexcitingEarthOdyssey，whichisagreatwaytostarthelping. "Startingtheclub（38）outtobeawaytohelppeoplegetinvolvedwiththeenvironment-clubmembersstarteddoingthingslikerecycling，pickinguplitterandplantingtreesaswellasinvitingotherkidstojointheirclub." "Wetrytotellkidsthatit'snotOKtobelazy，"sheexplains."Youneedtostartbeingaresponsible，environmentally（39）personnow，rightaway，（40）youbecomearesource-suckingadult.”38.（）A、creationB、acrossC、implementD、beforeE、membersF、beganG、turnedH、purposeI、overwhelmingJ、effortsK、friendlyL、professional5.TrueFriendship YoungadultfilmmakersallhopetoshowtheirworksininternationalfestivalslikeSundanceandToronto.Butwhataboutreallyyoungfilmmakerswhoaren'tinfilmschoolyetandaren't，strictlyspeaking，evenadults？ TheyareattheheartofWingspanArtsKidsFilmFestival，tomorrow，inasettinganydirectormightenvy：LincolnCenter.Completewith"redcarpet"interviewsandvariousawards，thefestivalhasmuchincommonwitheventsformoreexperiencedmoviemakers，exceptfortheageoftheparticipants：about8to18. "What'sreallyexcitingisthatit'sfilmforkidsbykids，"saidCoriGardner，managingdirectorofWingspanArts，a nonprofitorganizationofferingyouthprogramsintheNewYorkarea.ThisyearthefestivalwillincludefilmsnotonlyfromWingspanbutalsofromothercityorganizationsandonefromamiddleschoolinArlington，Virginia."Wewanttomakethisanationalevent."Ms.Gardneradded. ThenineshortstobeshownrangefromaClaymationbiographyofB.B.Kingtoasciencefictionadventuresetintheyear3005."Alotofthematerialisreallymature，"Ms.Gardnersaid，talkingaboutfilmsbytheNewYorkCitybranchofGlobalActionProject，amediaartsandleadership-traininggroup."TheChoiceisaboutthehistoryofafamilyandMasterAnti-Smokerisabouttheangersofsecond-handsmoke."DreamoftheInvisiblesdescribesyoungimmigrants'（移民）feelingsofbothbelongingandnotbelongingintheiradoptedcountry. Thefestivalwillendwithanopenreceptionatwhichotherfilmswillbeshown.Theseincludeamusicvideoandafull-lengthfilmwhosetitleisPressures.CoriGardnerismanagingdirectorofWingspanArtswhichisaprofitorganizationofferingyouthartsprogramsintheNewYorkarea.（）A、TrueB、FalseC、NotGiven6.TrueFriendship-Recognition Howcanwefindtruefriendshipinthisoftenphony，temporaryworld？Friendshipinvolvesrecognitionorfamiliaritywithanother'spersonality.Friendsoftensharelikesanddislikes，interests，pursuits，andpassion. Howcanwerecognizepotentialfriendship？Signsincludeamutualdesireforcompanionshipandperhapsacommonbondofsomekind.Beyondthat，genuinefriendshipinvolvesasharedsenseofcaringandconcern，adesiretoseeoneanothergrowanddevelop，andahopeforeachothertosucceedinallaspectsoflife.Truefriendshipinvolvesaction：doingsomethingforsomeoneelsewhileexpectingnothinginreturn；sharingthoughtsandfeelingswithoutfearofjudgementornegativecriticism. TrueFriendship-Relationship，Trust，Accountability Truefriendshipinvolvesrelationship.Thosemutualattributeswementionedabovebecomethefoundationinwhichrecognitiontranspiresintorelationship.Manypeoplesay，"Oh，he'sagoodfriendofmine，"yettheynevertaketimetospendtimewiththat"goodfriend."Friendshiptakestime：timetogettoknoweachother，timetobuildsharedmemories，timetoinvestineachother'sgrowth. Trustisessentialtotruefriendship.Weallneedsomeonewithwhomwecanshareourlives，thoughts，feelings，andfrustrations.Weneedtobeabletoshareourdeepestsecretswithsomeone，withoutworryingthatthosesecretswillendupontheInternetthenextday!Failingtobetrustworthywiththoseintimatesecretscandestroyafriendshipinahurry.Faithfulnessandloyaltyarekeystotruefriendship.Withoutthem，weoftenfeelbetrayed，leftout，andlonely.Intruefriendship，thereisnobackbiting，nonegativethoughts，noturningaway. Truefriendshiprequirescertainaccountabilityfactors.Realfriendsencourageoneanotherandforgiveoneanotherwheretherehasbeenanoffense.Genuinefriendshipsupportsduringtimesofstruggle.Friendsaredependable.Intruefriendship，unconditionallovedevelops.Weloveourfriendsnomatterwhatandwealwayswantthebestforourfriends.Truefriendshipinvolvesaction：doingsomethingforsomeoneelsewhileexpectingsomethinginreturn.（）A、TrueB、FalseC、NotGiven7.ResearchIsaStateofMind Formanyyearstherehasbeenmuchmisunderstandingastojustwhatresearchis.Thepopularconceptionseemstobethatthereissomethingmysteriousaboutit，andbeforeanyresearchcanbedoneitisnecessarytohaveexpensivescientificapparatusandlarge，elaboratelyequippedlaboratories.Actually，thisisnotso.（6）Itisasimple，organizedwayoftryingtoaccomplishsomethingyouwishtodo—sosimplethatanyonecandoresearchanywhereatanytime. First，youselecttheproblemyouwouldliketosolve，thenyoulistatleasttenreasonswhyithasnotbeensolved.（7）Ittakesjustasmuchefforttosolveauselessproblemasausefulone.（8） Aftercarefully—andIwanttoemphasizethatword“carefully”—selectingtheproblemandthetenthingsbetweenyouandthesolution，youthenusethesameprocedureasinsolvingacrosswordpuzzle.（9）Inthesolutionoftheremainingobstaclesyoumayneedsomesimpleapparatus，butthethingsyouwillprobablyneedmostareinfinitepatienceandpersistence.Fewpeoplerealizethedifficultiesofdoinganynewthing. Maybeoneofthereasonspeoplearesoeasilydiscouragedisbecauseoftheireducation.Duringallouryearsatschoolwewereexaminedtwoorthreetimesayear.Ifwefailedonce，wewereout.（10）Ifwearegoingtomakeprogress，wemustlearntofailintelligentlysothatwewon'tbecomediscouragedatthe99.9percentfailure.6.（）A、Makesurethegameisworththecandle.B、Thatisastepintherightdirection，butIdon'tbelieveitisenough.C、Youtaketheeasyobstaclesfirstandbyaprocessofeliminationyoueventuallyarriveattheoneortwomajorones.D、Butinselectingtheproblem，youneedtobesuretoanalyzeitcarefullytoseethatitisworththeeffort.E、Researchisn'taphysicalthingatall；it'sastateofmind.F、Bycontrast，allresearchworkis99.9percentfailureand，ifwesucceedonce，wearein.8.Camping Campingwildisawonderfulwaytoexperiencethenaturalworldand，atitsbest，itmakeslittleenvironmentalinfluence.Butwithincreasingnumbersofpeoplewantingtoescapeintothewilderness，itisbecomingmoreandmoreimportanttocampunobtrusively（不引人注目地）andleavenomark. Wildcampingisnotpermittedinmanyplaces，particularlyincrowdedlowlandBritain.Whereveryouare，findoutaboutorganizationsresponsibleformanagingwildspaces，andcontactthemtofindouttheirpolicyoncampingandshelterbuilding.Forexample，itisfinetocampwildinremotepartsofScotland，butinEnglandyoumustaskthelandowner'spermission，exceptinnationalparks. Campingisabouthavingrelaxation，sleepingoutdoors，experiencingbadweather，andmakingdowithoutmodernconveniences.Abusy，fully-equippedcampsite（野营地）seemstogoagainstthis，soseekoutsmaller，moreremoteplaceswitheasyaccesstoopenspacesandperhapsbeaches.Betterstill，findacampsitewithnoroadaccess：walkinginmakesarealadventure. Findingtherightspottocampisthefirststeptoguaranteeingagoodnight'ssleep.Chooseacampsitewithprivacyandminimuminfluenceonothersandtheenvironment.Trytouseanareawherepeoplehaveobviouslycampedbeforeratherthancreatinganewspot.Whencampinginwoodland，avoidstandingdeadtrees，whichmayfallonawindynight.Avoidanimalrunsandcaves，andpossiblehomesofbitinginsects.Makesureyouhavemostprotectiononthewindwardside.Ifyoumakeafire，dosodownwindofyourshelter，alwaysconsiderwhatinfluenceyoumighthaveonthenaturalworld.Avoiddamagingplants.Agoodcampsiteisfound，notmade—changingitshouldbeunnecessary.Whereveryouare，youdon'thavetoknowaboutthelocalpolicyoncampingandshelterbuilding（）A、TrueB、FalseC、NotGiven9.LiteracyVolunteer LastsummerIwentthroughatrainingprogramandbecamealiteracyvolunteer（扫盲志愿者）.ThetrainingIreceived，thoughexcellent，didnottellmehowitwastoworkwitharealstudent，however.WhenIbegantodiscoverwhatotherpeople'sliveswerelikebecausetheycouldnotread，Irealizedthetrueimportanceofreading. MyfirststudentJanewasa44-year-oldsinglemotherofthree.Inthefirstlesson，Ifoundoutshewalkedtwomilestothenearestsupermarkettwiceaweekbecauseshedidn'tknowwhichbustotake.WhenItoldherIwouldgetherabusschedule，shetoldmeitwouldnothelpbecauseshecouldnotreadit.Shesaidshealsohaddifficultyonceshegottothesupermarketbecauseshecouldn'talwaysrememberwhatsheneeded.Sinceshedidnotknowwords，shecouldnotwriteoutashoppinglist.Also，shecouldonlyrecognizeitemsbytheirlabels.Asaresult，iftheproducthadadifferentlabel，shewouldnotrecognizeitastheproductshewanted. Asweworkedtogether，learninghowtoreadbuiltJane'sself-confidence，whichencouragedhertocontinueinherstudies.Shebegantomakerapidprogressandwasevenabletotakethebustothesupermarket.Afterthissuccessfultrip，shereportedhowself-confidentshefelt.Attheendoftheprogram，shebeganhelpingheryoungestson，Tony，ashyfirstgrader，withhisreading.Shesatwithhimbeforehewenttosleepandtogethertheywouldreadbedtimestories.Whenhiseyesbecamewidewithexcitementasshereadpridewaswrittenalloverherface，andshebegantoseehowherownhardworkinlearningtoreadpaidoff.Asshedescribedthisexperience，Iwasproudofmyself，too.IfoundthathelpingJanetobuildherself-confidencewasmorerewardingthananythingIhadeverdonebefore. Asaliteracyvolunteer，Ilearnedagreatdealaboutteachingandhelpingothers.Infact，ImayhavelearnedmorefromtheexperiencethanJanedid.When1begantodiscoverwhatotherpeople'sliveswerelikebecausetheycouldnotread，Irealizedthetrueimportanceofreading.（）A、TrueB、FalseC、NotGiven10.TryingtoFindaPartner OneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinterviewed，oneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith. Whyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationships？Doesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinlove？Orarewemakingitharderforourselves？ Itiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn'texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren. Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence. Intheory，findingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsago，yourchoiceofsoulmate（心上人）wasconstrainedbygeography，socialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicit，manymarriageswereessentiallyarranged. Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster（牡蛎），yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl. Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint：thetyrannyofchoice.Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflatedtoanunmanageabledegree：goodlooks，impressivesalary，kindtograndmother，andrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression. Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn't，itisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon'tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcourse，thisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaconstraintonone'schoiceofsoulmateintheolddays？（）A、Thehealthconditionofhisorhergrandmother.B、Thegeographicalenvironment.C、Thesocialconvention.D、Thefamilytradition.11.ABridgeforSquirrels SanFranciscohasitscablecars.SeattlehasitsSpaceNeedle.And，Longviewhasitssquirrelbridge.Thebridge，whichhasattractedinternationalattention，isnowalocallandmark. TheNuttyNarrowsBridgewasbuiltin1963byalocalbuilder，AmosPeters，togivesquirrelsawaytocrossthebusyroadwithoutgettingflattenedbypassingcars. TheoriginalbridgewasbuiltoverOlympiaWayonthewestedgeofthelibrarygrounds.Beforethebridgewasbuilt，squirrelshadtoavoidtraffictoandfromtheParkPlazaofficebuildingwhereofficestaffputoutanuttyfeastforthesquirrels.Manytimes，PetersandotherswhoworkedinandnearParkPlazawitnessedsquirrelsbeingrunover. OnedayPetersfoundadeadsquirrelwithanutstillinitsmouth，andthatday'scoffeebreakdiscussionturnedintosquirrelsafety.ThegroupofbusinessmencookedupthesquirrelbridgeideaandformedacommitteetoasktheblessingoftheCityCouncil（市政会）.TheCouncilapproved，andCouncilwomanBessLaRivierejokinglynamedthebridge"NuttyNarrows". Afterarchitectsdesignedthebridge，AmosPetersandBillHutchstartedconstruction.Theybuiltthe60-footbridgefromaluminumandlengthsoffirehose（消防水带）.Itcost1000. Itdidn'ttakelongbeforereportsofsquirrelsusingthebridgestarted.Squirrelswereevenseenguidingtheiryoungandteachingthemtheropes.Thestorywaspickedupbythemedia，andNuttyNarrowsbecameknowninnewspapersallovertheworld. In1983，after20yearsofuse，Peterstookdowntheworn-outbridge.Repairsweremadeandcrosspieceswerereplaced.ThefadedsignwasrepaintedandinJuly1983，hundredsofanimalloversattendedthecompletionceremonyofthenewbridge. Petersdiedin1984，andaten-footwoodensquirrelsculpturewasplacednearthebridgeinmemoryofitsbuilderandhisdevotiontotheproject.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthesquirrelbridge？（）A、ItwasreplacedbyalongeroneB、ItwasbuiltfromwoodandmetalC、ItwasrebuiltafteryearsofuseD、ItwasdesignedbyBillHutch12.TryingtoFindaPartner OneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinterviewed，oneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith. Whyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationships？Doesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinlove？Orarewemakingitharderforourselves？ Itiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn'texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren. Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence. Intheory，findingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsago，yourchoiceofsoulmate（心上人）wasconstrainedbygeography，socialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicit，manymarriageswereessentiallyarranged. Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster（牡蛎），yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl. Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint：thetyrannyofchoice.Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflatedtoanunmanageabledegree：goodlooks，impressivesalary，kindtograndmother，andrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression. Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn't，itisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon'tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcourse，thisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership.Whatdoestherecentpollshow？（）A、Itisgettingmoredifficultforawomantofindherhusband.B、Itisgettingincreasinglydifficulttostartafamily.C、Itisgettingmoredifficultforamantofindhiswife.D、Itisgettingincreasinglydifficulttodevelopanintimaterelationshipwithyourspouse.13.AdvertisingtoChildren （1）Notonlyaretheyeasilyswayedbyadvertising，theyarealsopersuasiveinencouragingtheirparentstobuyaproduct.Ifachildwantssomethingintheirkid'slocker，theywillprodandannoytheirparentsuntiltheygetwhattheywant.（2）Allittakesisalittlesuggestionfromasingleadvertisementtosendthemontheirway. （3）Inacampaignentitled"KidsaretheStar"，itsemployeeswereencouragedtopayspecialattentiontochildrenandtomakesuretheyhadapositiveexperiencewhileeatingatitsrestaurants.Thereasonforthis，naturally，wasnotthattheMcDonald'scorporationcareddeeplyaboutthewell-beingofchildreneverywhere，butthatthepester-powerthatchildrenhaveisextraordinarilyeffectiveatbringingtheirparentsbackformorevisits. Thewaythatadvertiserstargetchildrenissimplebig，brightlights，happypeopleandanimatedcharactersareallthatisneededtoencouragechildrentothinkacertainproductissomethingtheywant.（4）TheydonotrealizethatRonaldMcDonaldisjustaguyinaCostumandmake-up，andthatbehindthecounterofeveryMcDonald'sisabunchofkidsworkinginuncomfortableconditionsforlowpay. Thisposesarealmoraldilemmaforthosewhomaketheadvertisingdecisions，oratleastitshould.（5）Howdoyousaynotoanopportunitytoreachsuchawideaudienceofchildren，whoactasadvertisersthemselveswhentheyencourageotherchildrenandtheirparentstobuyaparticularproduct？5.（）A、Whilemanipulatingchildrenintobelievinglies，especiallyencouragingthemtoeatunhealthyfoods，isobviouslybad，thepurposeofbusinessistomakemoneyB、ThesuperficialreactionschildrengetfromeatingMcDonald'slastaboutaslongastheyareattheplaceC、McDonald'satonestageadvisedemployeestospecificallytargetchildrenD、ChildrenareaprimetargetforadvertisersandsalesmenacrosstheworldE、AnyonewhohasseenachildpesteritsparentsknowsthelengthschildrencangotoF、Thisisbecausechildrenarenaive；theygenuinelybelievewhatanadvertisertellsthem14.DrugOveruse ①Nowadays,millionsofpeoplemisuseandevenoverusepainmedicationsandotherdrugs.ResearchbytheAmericanNationalInstituteonDrugAbuse（NIDA，1999）showsthataround2%ofthepopulationoverage12wereusingdrugsnon-medically. ②NIDAviewsmedicationsasapowerfulforceforgoodinthecontemporaryworld.Theyreduceandremovepainformillionsofpeoplesufferingfromillnessanddisease.Theymakeitpossiblefordoctorstoperformcomplicatedsurgerytosavelives.Manypeopleafflictedbyseriousmedicalconditionsareabletocontroltheirsymptomsandbecomeactive，contributingcitizens.NIDApointsoutthatmostindividualswhotakethesedragsusetheminaresponsible. ③Nevertheless，overuseofdrugssuchasopioids，centralnervoussystem（CNS）depressantsandstimulantsdoesleadtoharmfulrelianceinsomepeopleandisthereforebecomingaseriouspublichealthconcern.Althoughthisabuseaffectsmanypeopleworldwide，particulartrendsofconcerntothemedicalprofessionintheUSappearamongolderadults，teenagersaridwomen. ④Thoughitmaybeasurprisetomany，themisuseofmedicationsmaybethemostcommonformofdrugabuseamongtheelderly.DrKennethSchraderofDukeUniversity，NorthCarolin