期末各单元重点知识梳理（知识清单）译林版（三起）英语五年级上册

第第页Unit3one…,theother…【只用于两者】Ihavetwodogs,oneisbig,theotherislittle.body[c]bodiesleg[c]+sarm[c]+sv.武装armsbwithsth用…武装某人wing[c]+sfoot[c]feettooth→teethgoose→geesefinger[c]+stoe[c]+s脚趾头rabbit[c]+sno+[c]plno+[u]=notany+[c]pl=notany+[u]Ihavenoapples.=Idon’thaveanyapples.Shehasnowater.=Shedoesn’thaveanywater.or常用于否定或疑问句，用于链接相同属性的单词、短语或句子give双宾语结构givesbsth=givesthtosb[现在分词]giving[三单]givesUnit4hobby[c]hobbiesstory[c]storiesgroup[c]+sidea[c]+sanideaice[u]aholeintheice冰上的洞hole[c]+s2.begoodat+n./pron./v.-ing擅长…SheisgoodatChinese.Sheisgoodatthem.Sheisgoodatdancing.3.with戴着；有；和…一起ahousewithayellowdoor有黄门的房子v.+withplaywithtalkwith4.alsobe后实前/情后实前/助后实前Theyarealsostudents.Theycanalsoswim.TheyalsolikeEnglish.read[现在分词]readingdance[现在分词]dancingsing[现在分词]singingalotof+[c]pl/[u]许多…=many+[c]pl=much+[u]playthepianoplay+the+西洋乐器play+球类/棋类watchfilms看电影watchafilmgotothecinema去影院；看电影both用于二者，“都”all用于三者及以上，“都”都是be后实前/情后实前/助后实前Theybothlikeanimals.Myteachersareallnice.Lookout!小心！=Becareful!lookoutfor…小心…lookoutof…看…外面lookoutfrom…从…向外看lookafter…照顾…lookfor…寻找….wet→dryadj.干的wet+n.bewet【现在分词v.-ing变化规则】一般情况下，直接加ingworkingwalking以不发音的e结尾，去e加ingdance→dancingtake→takingmake→makingwrite→writing重读闭音节结尾，双写末尾单辅加ingcuttingrunningputtingbeginning以ie结尾，变ie为y加inglie→lying die→dying tie→tyingUnit5teacher[c]+swriter[c]+sdoctor[c]+sseethedoctor看医生nurse[c]+sdentist[c]+s牙医seethedentist看牙医worker[c]+sofficeworkercook[c]+s厨师cookmeals烧饭[作v.]cookern.炊具acookerdriver[c]+sdrivev.驾驶drivetosp开车去…[三单]drives[现在分词]drivingfarmer[c]+sfarmn.农场[c]+sonthefarm在农场上peoplepl.人们→personn.人n.民族[c]+sonepeople一个人×onepeople一个民族√policeman[c]policemenpolicewoman[c]policewomen2.teachv.教导，教学[三单]teaches[现在分词]teachingteachsbsth教导某人某事ChenyteachesusEnglish.【动宾】writev.写[三单]writes[现在分词]writingwritesthon…在…上写字work[三单]works[现在分词]workingworkfor…为…工作workat/in…在…工作→n.工作[u]【联想】jobn.工作[c]+sv.+athome固定搭配，此处home作名词使用home也作副词使用，前面不带介词helpv./n.helpsbwithsth在…方面帮助某人helpsb(to)do帮助某人做…Wecanhelpourmotherswithhousework.Wecanhelpourmothers(to)dohousework.askforhelp寻求帮助sick+n.besickasickman病人→sickpeople病人He’ssick.他生病了。【联想】illadj.生病的【不做定语】beill生病了Whatdotheydo?询问职业Whatdoyoudo?Whatdoesshe/hedo?用职业相关词进行回答:They’reworkers.Theyworkinthefactory.We’rewriters.Wewritebooks.She’sanurse.Shehelpssickpeople.He’sadoctor.Hehelpssickpeople.发音字母y——在辅音后作元音，发/aɪ/或/ɪ/在元音前作辅音，发/j/Unit6e-friend[c]+sane-friendemail[c]+sanemailwrite/sendanemailtosbe-“电子的，网络的”e-dogWaitaminute.waitforsb/sth等待…（for后跟代宾）minuten.分钟[c]+ssecondn.秒[c]+shourn.小时[c]+sanhoursend[三单]sendssendsthtosb=sendsbsth送某人某物Mymumsendsmeabike.=Mymumsendsabiketome.to单方面“给出去”give…to…for“为了，准备”buy…forwith双方“和”talk…with…by“通过，在…边上”sitby…live[三单]liveslivein/at/on+地点名词在…生活livea+adj.+life过着…的生活Shelivesahappylife.她生活很幸福。HelivesonMoonStreet.他住在月亮街。studyv./n.[三单/复数]studiesstudysth学习…【钻研】HestudiesEnglishinhisstudy.他在他的书房学习英语。UKintheUK(UnitedKingdom)USintheUS(UnitedStatesofAmerica)=intheUSAPRC(People’sRepublicofChina)数字+yearsold【＞1】oneyearold问年龄Howold+be+主语?Australia→Australian[c]+sCanada→Canadian[c]+sChina→Chinesepl.介绍国籍时，若作形容词使用，则无冠无复数They’reAustralian.We’reChinese.You’reCanadian.gofishinggo+v.-ing去…tomorrow明天today今天yesterday昨天Don’tworry.worryv.使…担忧worrysb使某人忧心worryaboutsb担心某人sit[现在分词]sittingUnit7atweekends=onweekends=attheweekend=ontheweekendoften60%经常，常常always100%总是usually80%通常sometimes40%有时，时不时seldom20%很少[否定词]never0%从不[否定词]【频率副词不影响三单的表达】Shealwayseatstoomanysweets.visitsb拜访某人visitsp参观某地grandparent[c]+sparentn.父母[c]+sMygrandparentlikesdogs.Mygrandparentslikedogs.playwithsb和…玩耍playwithsth玩…Wecan’tplaywiththefire.我们不能玩火。verymuch非常修饰动词程度v.+verymuchTheylikewatchingfilmsverymuch.他们特别喜欢看电影。chatwithsb和…聊天Welikechattingwitheachother.我们喜欢互相聊天。【辨析】talk交谈，谈话talkwith/to…和…交谈say说【强调说话内容】saysthtosbspeak讲【强调动作】speak+语言tell讲述【强调故事性】tell(sb)sthontheInternet在网上，通过网络onthephone通话中，通过电话ontheradio 在广播上，通过收音机gotothecinema去看电影=seeafilm=seefilms=watchafilm=watchfilmsthereadv.那里（远处）overthere在那边gothere去那边【there是副词，前面无介词】→hereadv.这里（近处）comehere来这儿【副前无介】alot很多【放于句末，修饰动词】v.+alot…得很多He’shungry.Andheeatsalot.他饿了，吃了很多(食物)。She’shard-working,andshereadsalot.她很勤奋，读了很多(书)。【辨析】alotof=lotsof修饰[u]/[c]n.Shereadsalotofbooks.=Shereadslotsofbooks.Heeatsalotoffood.=Heeatslotsofeout出来[说话人和目的位置相同]【出版；结果是】→comeinto进入getout出来[说话人和目的位置相反]→getinto进入Unit8atChristmas在圣诞节onChristmasDay在圣诞节onChristmasEve在平安夜Christmastree圣诞树FatherChristmas圣诞老人MerryChristmas!圣诞快乐！buysbsth=buysthforsbIbuymysisterabook.=Ibuyabookformysister.present[c]+s=gift[c]+sIgivehimapresent.=Igiveapresenttohim.next接着，然后then然后first首先finally最后=atlast按照先后顺序：first,next,then,finallypretty+n.aprettygirlbeprettyThegirlispretty.pretty作adv.可放在adj./adv.前修饰程度Shesingsprettywell.她唱得很好。=Shesingsverywell.thing[c]+sIhavemanythingstosay.我有许多事要说。可以和every-some-any-no-等前缀构成不定代词，均视为单数：Somethingiswrong.出事儿了。Anythingelse?还要点什么吗？lookat…看…[强调对象]lookfor…寻找lookout!小心！lookoutfor…小心…lookoutfrom…从…向外看lookoutof…看…的外面lookafter…照顾=takecareof…stocking[c]+s长筒袜sock[c]+s短袜waitforsb/sth等待…They’rewaitingforthebus.他们在等车。Wewaitforthem.我们等他们。early+n.anearlybus早班车beearlyYou’reearly.v.+earlyIwakeupearly.turkeyn.火鸡[c]+s，火鸡肉[u]WealwayseataturkeyonThanksgivingDay.我们在感恩节总是吃火鸡。Turkeyn.土耳其【国】→Turkishn./adj.土耳其人/的pudding[c]+s/[u]