数据通信与网络实验报告(河北工业大学)

实验三路由器配置实验三拟通过讲解来使同学掌握路由器配置方式、命令状态、常用命令和配置过程等基础知识，同时通过图片来显示路由器的背板、接口及其指示灯；由于实验条件有限，在实际实验中拟应用Cisco网络培训中的模拟环境来进行配置练习。3.1基本设置方式一般来说，可以用5种方式来设置路由器：1．Console口接终端或运行终端仿真软件的微机；2．AUX口接MODEM，通过电话线与远方的终端或运行终端仿真软件的微机相连；3．通过Ethernet上的TFTP服务器；4．通过Ethernet上的TELNET程序；5．通过Ethernet上的SNMP网管工作站。

但路由器的第一次设置必须通过第一种方式进行,此时终端的硬件设置如下:波特率：9600数据位：8停止位：1奇偶校验:无

3.2命令状态1.router>路由器处于用户命令状态，这时用户可以看路由器的连接状态，访问其它网络和主机，但不能看到和更改路由器的设置内容。2.router#在router>提示符下键入enable,路由器进入特权命令状态router#，这时不但可以执行所有的用户命令，还可以看到和更改路由器的设置内容。3.router(config)#在router#提示符下键入configureterminal,出现提示符router(config)#，此时路由器处于全局设置状态，这时可以设置路由器的全局参数。4.router(config-if)#;router(config-line)#;router(config-router)#;…路由器处于局部设置状态，这时可以设置路由器某个局部的参数。5.>路由器处于RXBOOT状态，在开机后60秒内按ctrl-break可进入此状态，这时路由器不能完成正常的功能，只能进行软件升级和手工引导。6.设置对话状态这是一台新路由器开机时自动进入的状态，在特权命令状态使用SETUP命令也可进入此状态，这时可通过对话方式对路由器进行设置。3.3常用命令1.帮助在IOS操作中，无论任何状态和位置，都可以键入“？”得到系统的帮助。2.改变命令状态

任务命令进入特权命令状态enable退出特权命令状态disable进入设置对话状态setup进入全局设置状态configterminal退出全局设置状态end进入端口设置状态interfacetypeslot/number进入子端口设置状态interfacetypenumber.subinterface[point-to-point|multipoint]进入线路设置状态linetypeslot/number进入路由设置状态routerprotocol退出局部设置状态exit3.显示命令任务命令查看版本及引导信息showversion查看运行设置showrunning-config查看开机设置showstartup-config显示端口信息showinterfacetypeslot/number显示路由信息showiprouter4.网络命令

任务命令登录远程主机telnethostname|IPaddress网络侦测pinghostname|IPaddress路由跟踪tracehostname|IPaddress任务命令全局设置configterminal设置访问用户及密码usernameusernamepasswordpassword设置特权密码enablesecretpassword设置路由器名hostnamename设置静态路由iproutedestinationsubnet-masknext-hop启动IP路由iprouting启动IPX路由ipxrouting端口设置interfacetypeslot/number设置IP地址ipaddressaddresssubnet-mask设置IPX网络ipxnetworknetwork激活端口noshutdown物理线路设置linetypenumber启动登录进程login[local|tacacsserver]设置登录密码passwordpassword5.基本设置命令

3.4路由器背板图及接口图图1-10图1-113.5模拟配置环境及配置过程中的主要步骤图1－12为模拟配置环境。图1-123.5.1路由器的各种网络接口配置过程配置Ethernet（以太网接口）接口实验1、本实验主要内容：配置路由器A与路由器2621的Ethernet接口，并通过ping来测试。2、基本命令：enable(简写：en):从用户EXEC模式进入特权EXEC模式configterminal(简写：configt):从特权EXEC模式进入全局配置模式hostname:给路由器改名，后接路由器新名字interface(简写：int):进入接口配置模式，后接接口标识IPaddress:配置网络地址，后接IP地址和子网掩码noshutdown:确保该接口没有关闭copyrunning-configstartup-config(简写：copyrunstart):很重要，用来保存运行配置文件3、本实验工作环境：Router2621和RouterA4、本实验操作步骤如下：（1）首先对路由器2621进行配置进入用户EXEC模式Router>enable//进入特权EXEC模式Router#configt//进入全局配置模式Enterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.）Router(config)#hostnameRouter2621//设置路由器名字Router2621(config)#interfacef0/0//设置网络接口，进入接口配置模式Router2621(config-if)#ipaddress//配置ip地址Router2621(config-if)#noshut//启用该接口，全名是noshutdown/%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceFastEthernet0/0,changedstatetoupEthernet0上的线路协议已启动%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceFastEthernet0/0,changedstatetoup接口本身也已启动Router2621(config-if)#end//退出配置模式%SYS-5-CONFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleRouter2621#showinterface//显示相应接口信息FastEthernet0/0isup,lineprotocolisupHardwareisAmdFE,addressis00b0.6483.01c0(bia00b0.6483.01c0)Internetaddressis/24MTU1500bytes,BW100000Kbit,DLY100usec,reliability255/255,txload1/255,rxload1/255EncapsulationARPA,loopbacknotsetKeepaliveset(10sec)Half-duplex,10Mb/s,100BaseTX/FXARPtype:ARPA,ARPTimeout04:00:00Lastinput00:00:10,output00:00:00,outputhangneverLastclearingof"showinterface"countersneverQueueingstrategy:fifoOutputqueue0/40,0drops;inputqueue0/75,0drops5minuteinputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec5minuteoutputrate1000bits/sec,0packets/sec2705packetsinput,463756bytesReceived2704broadcasts,0runts,0giants,0throttles0inputerrors,0CRC,0frame,0overrun,0ignored0watchdog,0multicast0inputpacketswithdribbleconditiondetected7582packetsoutput,1007598bytes,0underruns0outputerrors,0collisions,3interfaceresets0babbles,0latecollision,0deferred0lostcarrier,0nocarrier0outputbufferfailures,0outputbuffersswappedoutFastEthernet0/1isdown,lineprotocolisdown//此接口尚未启用，线路协议也未启用HardwareisAmdFE,addressis00b0.6483.01c0(bia00b0.6483.01c0)Keepaliveset(10sec)Full-duplex,100Mb/s,100BaseTX/FXARPtype:ARPA,ARPTimeout04:00:00Lastinput00:00:01,output00:00:02,outputhangneverLastclearingof"showinterface"countersneverQueueingstrategy:fifoOutputqueue0/40,0drops;inputqueue0/75,0drops5minuteinputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec5minuteoutputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec52845packetsinput,3778179bytesReceived52845broadcasts,0runts,0giants,0throttles0inputerrors,0CRC,0frame,0overrun,0ignored0watchdog,0multicast0inputpacketswithdribbleconditiondetected9785packetsoutput,1368297bytes,0underruns0outputerrors,0collisions,6interfaceresets0babbles,0latecollision,0deferred0lostcarrier,0nocarrier0outputbufferfailures,0outputbuffersswappedoutRouter2621#copyrunning-configstartup-config//保存运行配置文件Buildingconfiguration...[OK]Router2621#showrunning-config//显示运行配置文件内容Buildingconfiguration...Currentconfiguration:version12.0servicetimestampsdebuguptimeservicetimestampsloguptimenoservicepassword-encryptionhostnameRouter2621interfaceFastEthernet0/0ipaddressinterfaceFastEthernet0/1noipaddressshutdownnoipclasslesslinecon0lineaux0linevty04endRouter2621#（2）对路由器A进行配置进入用户EXEC模式Router>enable//进入特权EXEC模式Router#configt//进入全局配置模式Enterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.Router(config)#hostnameRouterA//设置路由器名字RouterA(config)#interfacee0//设置以太网接口，进入接口配置模式RouterA(config-if)#ipaddress//配置ip地址RouterA(config-if)#noshutdown//启用该接口%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceEthernet0,changedstatetoupEthernet0上的线路协议已启动%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceEthernet0,changedstatetoup接口本身也已启动RouterA(config-if)#end//退出配置模式%SYS-5-CONFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleRouterA#showinterfacee0//显示相应接口信息Ethernet0isup,lineprotocolisupHardwareisLance,addressis0000.0c8d.5c9d(bia0000.0c8d.5c9d)Internetaddressis/24MTU1500bytes,BW10000Kbit,DLY1000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationARPA,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)ARPtype:ARPA,ARPTimeout04:00:00Lastinputnever,output00:00:07,outputhangneverLastclearingof"showinterface"countersneverQueueingstrategy:fifoOutputqueue0/40,0drops;inputqueue0/75,0drops5minuteinputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec5minuteoutputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec0packetsinput,0bytes,0nobufferReceived0broadcasts,0runts,0giants,0throttles0inputerrors,0CRC,0frame,0overrun,0ignored,0abort0inputpacketswithdribbleconditiondetected472packetsoutput,47379bytes,0underruns0outputerrors,0collisions,2interfaceresets0babbles,0latecollision,0deferred0lostcarrier,0nocarrier0outputbufferfailures,0outputbuffersswappedoutRouterA#ping//测试，必须在路由器2621配置后才能成功Typeescapesequencetoabort.Sending5,100-byteICMPEchosto,timeoutis2seconds:!!!!!Successrateis100percent(5/5),round-tripmin/avg/max=4/4/4msRouterA#copyrunning-configstartup-configBuildingconfiguration...[OK]RouterA#showrunning-config//显示运行配置文件内容Buildingconfiguration...Currentconfiguration:version12.0servicetimestampsdebuguptimeservicetimestampsloguptimenoservicepassword-encryptionhostnameRouterAinterfaceEthernet0ipaddressinterfaceSerial0noipaddressshutdowninterfaceSerial1noipaddressshutdowninterfaceTokenRing0noipaddressshutdownnoipclasslesslinecon0lineaux0linevty04endRouterA#copyrunning-configstartup-config//保存运行配置文件配置点到点接口实验用PPP帧格式1、本实验主要内容：配置路由器A与路由器2621的Ethernet接口，并通过ping来测试。2、基本命令：ENCAPPPP3、本实验工作环境：RouterA4、本实验操作步骤如下：RouterA>enable//进入特权EXEC模式RouterA#configt//进入全局配置模式Enterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.RouterA(config)#interfaces0//设置点到点接口，进入接口配置模式RouterA(config-if)#encap?//查看可用命令atm-dxiATM-DXIencapsulationbstunBlockSerialtunneling(BSTUN)frame-relayFrameRelaynetworkshdlcSerialHDLCsynchronouslapbLAPB(X.25Level2)pppPoint-to-PointprotocolsdlcSDLCsdlc-primarySDLC(primary)sdlc-secondarySDLC(secondary)smdsSwitchedMegabitDataService(SMDS)stunSerialtunneling(STUN)x25X.25RouterA(config-if)#encapppp//使用ppp协议封装RouterA(config-if)#ipaddress//配置ip地址RouterA(config-if)#noshut//启用该接口RouterA(config-if)#end%SYS-5-CONFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleRouterA#showrunning-configCurrentconfiguration:version12.0servicetimestampsdebuguptimeservicetimestampsloguptimenoservicepassword-encryptionhostnameRouterAinterfaceEthernet0ipaddressinterfaceSerial0ipaddressencapsulationPPPinterfaceSerial1noipaddressshutdowninterfaceTokenRing0noipaddress!shutdownrouterripnetwork!noipclassless!!linecon0lineaux0linevty04endRouterA#配置点到点接口实验（通过DCE电缆连接两个路由器的WAN口，模拟DDN线路）用HDLC帧格式1、本实验主要内容：配置点到点接口（通过DCE电缆连接两个路由器的WAN口，模拟DDN线路）用HDLC帧格式缺省情况下，我们配置点到点接口时使用HDLC封装。2、背景知识：要使两个串行接口能够通信，您必须提供时钟频率。时钟频率提供位同步，同时具有其他用途。提供这种时钟频率的设备是数据电路端设备（DCE），而其他设备被称为数据终端设备（DTE）。与DCE端相连的路由器将需要提供时钟频率，本实验中RouterB将承担这个责任。3、基本命令：clockrate数值//可以键入clockrate?进行查询4、本实验操作步骤如下本实验工作环境：RouterA和RouterB(1)配置路由器ARouterA>enableRouterA#configt//进入全局配置模式Enterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.RouterA(config)#interfaces0//设置点到点接口，进入接口配置模式RouterA(config-if)#ipaddress//配置ip地址RouterA(config-if)#noshut//启用该接口RouterA(config-if)#end%SYS-5-CONFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleRouterA#copyrunning-configstartup-config//保存运行配置文件Buildingconfiguration...[OK]RouterA#showinterfaces0//显示接口s0的信息Serial0isup,lineprotocolisupHardwareisHD64570Internetaddressis/24（IP地址，24位子网掩码）MTU1500bytes,BW1544Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC（我们所需要的）,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)Lastinput00:00:09,output00:00:12,outputhangneverLastclearingof"showinterface"countersneverInputqueue:0/75/0(size/max/drops);Totaloutputdrops:0Queueingstrategy:weightedfairOutputqueue:0/1000/64/0(size/maxtotal/threshold/drops)Conversations0/1/256(active/maxactive/maxtotal)ReservedConversations0/0(allocated/maxallocated)5minuteinputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec5minuteoutputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec1721packetsinput,106287bytes,0nobufferReceived1301broadcasts,0runts,0giants,0throttles0inputerrors,0CRC,0frame,0overrun,0ignored,0abort2195packetsoutput,100497bytes,0underruns0outputerrors,0collisions,221interfaceresets0outputbufferfailures,0outputbuffersswappedout280carriertransitionsDCD=upDSR=upDTR=upRTS=upCTS=upRouterA#ping//在配置好路由器B后使用ping测试Typeescapesequencetoabort.Sending5,100-byteICMPEchosto,timeoutis2seconds:!!!!!//!表示成功，.表示失败Successrateis100percent(5/5),round-tripmin/avg/max=4/4/4msRouterA#RouterA#showrunning-config//显示运行配置文件Currentconfiguration:!version12.0servicetimestampsdebuguptimeservicetimestampsloguptimenoservicepassword-encryption!hostnameRouterA!!!!interfaceEthernet0ipaddress!interfaceSerial0ipaddress!!interfaceSerial1noipaddress!shutdown!interfaceTokenRing0noipaddress!shutdownnoipclassless!!linecon0lineaux0linevty04endRouterA#(2)配置路由器B//进入用户EXEC模式Router>enable//进入特权EXEC模式Router#configt//进入全局配置模式Enterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.Router(config)#hostnameRouterB//设置路由器名字为RouterBRouterB(config)#interfaces0//设置接口s0RouterB(config-if)#ipaddress//设置ip地址以及子网掩码RouterB(config-if)#noshut//启用%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial0,changedstatetoup//Ethernet0上的线路协议已启动%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceSerial0,changedstatetoup//接口本身也已启动RouterB(config-if)#clockrate?//查询时钟频率Speed(bitspersecond)120024004800960019200384005600064000720001250001480002500005000008000001000000130000020000004000000<300-8000000>ChooseclockratefromlistaboveRouterB(config-if)#clockrate64000RouterB(config-if)#end%SYS-5-CONFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleRouterB#showinterfaces0Serial0isup,lineprotocolisupHardwareisHD64570Internetaddressis/24MTU1500bytes,BW1544Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)Lastinput00:00:09,output00:00:12,outputhangneverLastclearingof"showinterface"countersneverInputqueue:0/75/0(size/max/drops);Totaloutputdrops:0Queueingstrategy:weightedfairOutputqueue:0/1000/64/0(size/maxtotal/threshold/drops)Conversations0/1/256(active/maxactive/maxtotal)ReservedConversations0/0(allocated/maxallocated)5minuteinputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec5minuteoutputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec1721packetsinput,106287bytes,0nobufferReceived1301broadcasts,0runts,0giants,0throttles0inputerrors,0CRC,0frame,0overrun,0ignored,0abort2195packetsoutput,100497bytes,0underruns0outputerrors,0collisions,221interfaceresets0outputbufferfailures,0outputbuffersswappedout280carriertransitionsDCD=upDSR=upDTR=upRTS=upCTS=upRouterB#copyrunning-configstartup-config//保存运行配置文件Buildingconfiguration...[OK]RouterB#showrunning-configBuildingconfiguration...Currentconfiguration:!version12.0servicetimestampsdebuguptimeservicetimestampsloguptimenoservicepassword-encryption!hostnameRouterB!!!!interfaceEthernet0noipaddressshutdown!interfaceSerial0ipaddress!clockrate64000!!interfaceSerial1noipaddress!shutdown!noipclassless!!linecon0lineaux0linevty04endRouterB#3.5.2动态路由协议RIP设置背景知识：RIP是一种比较老的内部网关协议（IGP），目前仍被广泛地应用。IGP用于实现由同一个网络管理员管理的网络内的路由选择，而外部网关协议用于在网络之间交换路由选择信息。作为一个IGP，RIP只在单个自主系统（autonomoussystem）内进行路由选择。RIP是一个传统的距离矢量路由选择协议，使用跳数作为度量标准来确定到给定目的地的最佳路由。1、本实验工作环境：RouterA和RouterB在进行实验之前，可在特权EXEC模式下键入erasestarting-config和reload命令对路由器A和B分别清空，从而使得以前所进行的操作不至于影响本次实验。2、基本命令：通过Router(config)#routerrip命令，启用RIP路由选择进程，以进入路由器配置模式；通过Router(config-router)#network[network-number]命令，指定将使用RIP来通告哪些网络。3、本实验操作步骤如下配置路由器ARouterA>enableRouterA#configtEnterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.RouterA(config)#interfacee0//对以太网接口进行配置RouterA(config-if)#ipaddressRouterA(config-if)#noshutRouterA(config-if)#end%SYS-5-CONFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleRouterA#configConfiguringfromterminal,memory,ornetwork[terminal]?tEnterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.RouterA(config)#interfaces0//对点到点串行接口进行配置RouterA(config-if)#ipaddressRouterA(config-if)#noshutRouterA(config-if)#end%SYS-5-CONFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleRouterA#copyrunning-configstartup-config//保存至起始配置文件Buildingconfiguration...[OK]RouterA#showinterfaceSerial0isup,lineprotocolisupHardwareisHD64570Internetaddressis/24//这是刚才所配置的串行接口MTU1500bytes,BW1544Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)Lastinput00:00:09,output00:00:12,outputhangneverLastclearingof"showinterface"countersneverInputqueue:0/75/0(size/max/drops);Totaloutputdrops:0Queueingstrategy:weightedfairOutputqueue:0/1000/64/0(size/maxtotal/threshold/drops)Conversations0/1/256(active/maxactive/maxtotal)ReservedConversations0/0(allocated/maxallocated)5minuteinputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec5minuteoutputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec1721packetsinput,106287bytes,0nobufferReceived1301broadcasts,0runts,0giants,0throttles0inputerrors,0CRC,0frame,0overrun,0ignored,0abort2195packetsoutput,100497bytes,0underruns0outputerrors,0collisions,221interfaceresets0outputbufferfailures,0outputbuffersswappedout280carriertransitionsDCD=upDSR=upDTR=upRTS=upCTS=upEthernet0isup,lineprotocolisupHardwareisLance,addressis0000.0c8d.5c9d(bia0000.0c8d.5c9d)Internetaddressis/24//这是刚才所配置的以太网接口MTU1500bytes,BW10000Kbit,DLY1000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationARPA,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)ARPtype:ARPA,ARPTimeout04:00:00Lastinputnever,output00:00:07,outputhangneverLastclearingof"showinterface"countersneverQueueingstrategy:fifoOutputqueue0/40,0drops;inputqueue0/75,0drops5minuteinputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec5minuteoutputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec0packetsinput,0bytes,0nobufferReceived0broadcasts,0runts,0giants,0throttles0inputerrors,0CRC,0frame,0overrun,0ignored,0abort0inputpacketswithdribbleconditiondetected472packetsoutput,47379bytes,0underruns0outputerrors,0collisions,2interfaceresets0babbles,0latecollision,0deferred0lostcarrier,0nocarrier0outputbufferfailures,0outputbuffersswappedoutTokenRing0isdown,lineprotocolisdown//令牌环网接口未曾配置HardwareisTMS380,addressis0007.7842.3575(bia0007.7842.3575)MTU4464bytes,BW16000Kbit,DLY630usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationSNAP,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)ARPtype:SNAP,ARPTimeout04:00:00Ringspeed:16MbpsSingleringnode,SourceGroupAddress:0x00000000,FunctionalAddress:0x08800000EthernetTransitOUI:0x000000Lastinput00:00:02,output00:00:05,outputhangneverLastclearingof"showinterface"countersneverQueueingstrategy:fifoOutputqueue0/40,0drops;inputqueue0/75,0drops5minuteinputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec5minuteoutputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec5minuteoutputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec576packetsinput,30393bytes,0nobufferReceived453broadcasts,0runts,0giants0inputerrors,0CRC,0frame,0overrun,0ignored,0abort318packetsoutput,36935bytes,0underruns0outputerrors,0collisions,1interfaceresets0outputbufferfailures,0outputbuffersswappedout4transitionsRouterA#showiproute//查看当前路由选项Codes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGPD-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IAN1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGPi-IS-IS,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2,*-candidatedefaultU-per-userstaticroute,o-ODRGatewayoflastresortisnotset//没有静态路由和缺省路由配置/24issubnetted,2subnetsCisdirectlyconnected,Serial0Cisdirectlyconnected,Ethernet0RouterA#pingTypeescapesequencetoabort.Sending5,100-byteICMPEchosto20.20.20!!!!!//跟它直接相连的接口能ping成功Successrateis100percent(5/5),round-tripmin/avg/max=4/4/4msRouterA#pingTypeescapesequencetoabort.Sending5,100-byteICMPEchosto,timeoutis2seconds:.....//因为没有直接相连，ping失败Successrateis0percent(0/5)//下面将配置RIP协议，然后再通过ping来测试RouterA#configtEnterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.RouterA(config)#routerrip//主命令：配置rip协议RouterA(config-router)#networkRouterA(config-router)#networkRouterA(config-router)#end%SYS-5-CONFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleRouterA#copyrunning-configstartup-configBuildingconfiguration...[OK]RouterA#showiprouteCodes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGPD-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,N1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGPi-IS-IS,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2,*-candidatedefaultU-per-userstaticroute,o-ODRGatewayoflastresortisnotset//下面我们可以看到刚才所加的路由项，R表示RIP：/24issubnetted,3subnetsR[120/2]via,00:00:12,Serial0Cisdirectlyconnected,Serial0Cisdirectlyconnected,Ethernet0//与此同时我们可以将路由器B进行配置，接着就可以通过ping测试了：RouterA#pingTypeescapesequencetoabort.Sending5,100-byteICMPEchosto,timeoutis2seconds:!!!!!Successrateis100percent(5/5),round-tripmin/avg/max=4/4/4msRouterA#showipprotocolRoutingProtocolis"rip"Sendingupdatesevery30seconds,nextduein25secondsInvalidafter180seconds,holddown180,flushedafter240OutgoingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotsetIncomingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotsetRedistributing:ripDefaultversioncontrol:sendversion1,receiveanyversionInterfaceSendRecvKey-chainEthernet0112Serial0112TokenRing0112RoutingforNetworks:RoutingInformationSources:GatewayDistanceLastUpdate12000:00:03Distance:(defaultis120)RouterA#showrunning-configCurrentconfiguration:!version12.0servicetimestampsdebuguptimeservicetimestampsloguptimenoservicepassword-encryption!hostnameRouterA!!!!interfaceEthernet0ipaddress!interfaceSerial0ipaddress!!interfaceSerial1noipaddress!shutdown!interfaceTokenRing0noipaddress!shutdown!routerrip#network#network!ipclassless!linecon0lineaux0linevty04endRouterA#(2)配置路由器BRouterB>enableRouterB#configtEnterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.RouterB(config)#interfaces0//对点到点串行接口进行配置RouterB(config-if)#ipaddressRouterB(config-if)#noshutRouterB(config-if)#end%SYS-5-CONFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleRouterB#configtEnterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.RouterB(config)#interfaces1//对点到点串行接口进行配置RouterB(config-if)#ipaddressRouterB(config-if)#noshut%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial1,changedstatetoup%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceSerial1,changedstatetoupRouterB(config-if)#end%SYS-5-CONFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleRouterB#showiproute//查看当前路由选项Codes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGPD-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,N1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGPi-IS-IS,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2,*-candidatedefaultU-per-userstaticroute,o-ODRGatewayoflastresortisnotset//没有静态路由和缺省路由配置/24issubnetted,2subnetsCisdirectlyconnected,Serial1Cisdirectlyconnected,Serial0RouterB#configtEnterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.RouterB(config)#routerrip//主命令:配置rip协议RouterB(config-router)#networkRouterB(config-router)#networkRouterB(config-router)#end%SYS-5-CONFIG_I:ConfiguredfromconsolebyconsoleRouterB#copyrunning-configstartup-configBuildingconfiguration...[OK]%注释：以下是RouterA尚未配置好rip协议后的情况RouterB#showiprouteCodes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGPD-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,N1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGPi-IS-IS,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2,*-candidatedefaultU-per-userstaticroute,o-ODRGatewayoflastresortisnotset/24issubnetted,2subnetsCisdirectlyconnected,Serial1Cisdirectlyconnected,Serial0%注释：以下是RouterA配置好rip协议后的情况RouterB#showiprouteCodes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGPD-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,N1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGPi-IS-IS,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2,*-candidatedefaultU-per-userstaticroute,o-ODRGatewayoflastresortisnotset/24issubnetted,3subnetsR[120/1]via,00:00:01,Serial0Cisdirectlyconnected,Serial1Cisdirectlyconnected,Serial0RouterB#pingTypeescapesequencetoabort.Sending5,100-byteICMPEchosto,timeoutis2seconds:!!!!!Successrateis100percent(5/5),round-tripmin/avg/max=4/4/4msRouterB#showrunning-config//查看运行配置文件Currentconfiguration:!version12.0servicetimestampsdebuguptimeservicetimestampsloguptimenoservicepassword-encryption!hostnameRouterB!!!!interfaceEthernet0noipaddress!interfaceSerial0ipaddress!!interfaceSerial1ipaddress!shutdown!interfaceTokenRing0noipaddress!shutdown!routerrip//****************#network//****************#network//****************!ipclassless!linecon0lineaux0linevty04endRouterB#3.5.3静态路由设置主要内容：配置静态路由。基本命令：iproute目的网络子网掩码下一跳地址本实验文档中只对RouterC配置了一条静态路由，实际操作时可以分别对RouterA、RouterC进行配置，然后再通过ping进行测试！实验环境：RouterC实验步骤：//进入用户EXEC模式RouterC>enable//进入特权EXEC模式RouterC#showstartup-config//查看起始配置文件内容Using781outof32762bytes//已使用空间!version12.0//版本servicetimestampsdebuguptimeservicetimestampsloguptimenoservicepassword-encryption!hostnameRouterC//主机名!!!!interfaceEthernet0//接口属性ipaddress!interfaceSerial0noipaddressshutdown!!interfaceSerial1noipaddress!shutdown!interfaceTokenRing0noipaddress!shutdownnoipclassless!!linecon0lineaux0linevty04passwordabclogin!endRouterC#showinterface//显示网络接口属性Serial0isdown,lineprotocolisdown//串行接口0未启动，线路协议也是关闭的HardwareisHD64570MTU1500bytes,BW1544Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)Lastinput00:00:09,output00:00:12,outputhangneverLastclearingof"showinterface"countersneverInputqueue:0/75/0(size/max/drops);Totaloutputdrops:0Queueingstrategy:weightedfairOutputqueue:0/1000/64/0(size/maxtotal/threshold/drops)Co