冲刺2023年高考英语真题重组卷（北京专用）重组卷03-（北京卷）（解析版）

绝密★启用前

冲刺2023年高考英语真题重组卷03

北京地区专用（解析版）

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮

擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，

并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

（2022•北京・人大附中模拟题）Iwasthefoolatschool,regardedasaspecialneedsstudent.Iwastermedas

such.

Overtime,Istartedtobelieveinmystupidity.IacceptedthefactthatIwasinspecialneedsclassesand

poureditoutasangeranddepression.Butoneactivity]thisviewofmyself:chess.

IstartedtoplaychesswithmyfatherafterschoolsimplybecauseIwantedto2himatsomething.

Myfatherwasasmartman.So,winninginchessagainstmyfatherwouldbea3thatIhadintellectual

power.Onthesmallchessboard,Ihadachancetoovercomemyso-calledinability.Gameaftergame,oneweekend,

Ifinallycheckmatedmyfatheronaferryride,whichmademefeel4.

Twoyearslater,Ijoinedmyschoolchessteam.Therecameachancetoplayagainstthebestplayersinother

states.

Mymost5gamecameinthefinalround.Itwasactuallyamatchbetweenaspecialneedsstudentand

asmartsoul.Myopponentwasplayingwellandkept6whileIkeptdefendingtokeepmykingsafe.

Withlittle7left,hestartedtomakerapidmoves.8hecouldmakethefinaldecision,heranout

oftime.Honestly,ashisclockflagfell,Ijumpedupoutofmyseatandkissedtheflooroutofexcitement.Of

courseitwasnotthemostsportsmen-like9.butIcouldnotcontrolmyemotions.

Whileholdingmywinner'scup,IknewIwasnot10.Theinferioritycomplexhadmeltedaway,and

Irealizedthatunderneathourthoughts,eachpersonisagenius.

1.A.changedB・supportedC.questionedD.showed

2.A.pleaseB.comfortC.beatD.disturb

3.A.dreamB•lessonC.theoryD.sign

4.A.oveijoyedB•disappointedC.puzzledD.interested

5.A.terribleB.memorableC.dangerousD.popular

6.A.attackingB.smilingC.pausingD.escaping

7.A.patienceB.timeC.energyD.wisdom

8.A.OnceB.UntilC.BeforeD.Unless

9.A.spiritB.thoughtC.commentD.behavior

10.A.proudB・stupidC-brightD.lazy

【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者是一个学习不好的孩子，但通过下象棋，并最终在象棋锦标

赛中获得冠军，又重新找回了自信的故事。

I.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但有一项活动改变了我对自己的看法：国际象棋。A.changed改

变；C.supported支持；C.questioned质问：D.showed展示。根据前一句"IacceptedthefactthatIwasin

specialneedsclassesandpoureditoutasangeranddepression.（我接受了我在上特殊需求课程的事实，并

把它作为愤怒和沮丧发泄出来。户和转折连词bul可知，作者改变了对自己的看法。故选A。

2.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：放学后，我开始和父亲下棋，只是因为我想在某些方面打败他。

A.please使满意；B.comfort安慰；C.beat打败;D.disturb打扰。根据后文“winninginchessagainstmy

father...”可知，作者想打败父亲。故选C。

3.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，在国际象棋中赢了我父亲将是我有智力的标志。A.dream

梦想;B.lesson功课;C.theory理论；D.sign标志,迹象。根据空前“winninginchessagainstmyfather”

可知，作者认为自己在国际象棋中赢了父亲就是表示自己智力很好的标志。故选D。

4.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个周末，一场接一场的比赛，我终于在一次比赛中战胜了我

的父亲，这让我非常高兴。A.overjoyed欣喜若狂的；B.disappointed失望的；C.puzzled困惑的；D.

interested有趣的。根据空前描述可知，因为作者在象棋比赛中战胜了父亲，山此可知，作者很开心。

故选Ao

5.B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我最难忘的比赛是在最后一轮。A.terrible糟糕的，可怕的；B.

memorable难忘的：C.dangerous危险的：D.popular受欢迎的。根据文章最后一句"Theinferioritycomplex

hadmeltedaway,andIrealizedthatunderneathourthoughts,eachpersonisagenius,（自卑感消失了，我意

识到，在我们的思想深处，每个人都是天才。）”可知，因为作者有了新的认识，由此可知，最后一轮比

赛让作者难忘。故选Bo

6.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的对手打得很好，一直在进攻，而我一直在防守，以保证我的“国

王'’的安全。A.attacking进攻；B.smiling微笑；C.pausing暂停;D.escaping逃跑。根据空后“Ikept

defending”可知，对手进攻，作者在防守。故选A。

7.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：时间所剩无几，他开始快速走棋。A.patience耐心；B.time时间；

C.energy能量；D.wisdom智慧。根据空后“hestartedtomakerapidmoves.”可知，因为时间不多了，所

以作者开始快速走棋。故选B。

8.C【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：在他做出最后的决定之前，他已经没有时间了。A.Once一旦；

B.Until直到；C.Before在..之前；D.Unless除非。根据后文“Honestly,ashisclockflagfdl,【jumped

upoutofmyseatandkissedtheflooroutofexcitement.”可知，因为作者获胜了，所以对手做出决定前，

就用完时间了。故选C。

9.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，这不是最像运动员的行为，但我不能控制我的情绪。A.spirit

精神；B.thought想法;C.comment评论；D.behavior行为。根据前文“Ijumpedupoutofmyseatandkissed

theflooroutofexcitement.”可知，作者获胜庆祝的行为不像运动员所为。故选D。

10.B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我捧着冠军奖杯的时候，我知道我并不愚蠢。A.proud骄傲

的；B.stupid愚蠢的；C.bright明亮的,聪明的;D.lazy懒惰的。根据前文第二段“Overtime,Istartedto

believeinmystupidity.“可知，获胜时，作者明白了自己并不是愚蠢。故选B。

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)

A

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的

空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

(2020•北京•高考真题)Apieceofstone11(find)onaDutchbeachsuggeststhatourextincthuman

relatives,knownasNeanderthals,wereclevererthanpreviouslythought.TheNeanderthals12(live)

alongsidehumanancestorsinEuropefortensofthousandsofyears,beforedyingoutabout40,000yearsago.

Theyweremuchstrongerthanmodernhumans,butit'slongbeenassumedthathumanancestorswere13

(smart)thantheNeanderthals.However,thestonetoolmadebyNeanderthalssuggestsotherwise.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安

德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。

11.found【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲

戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests,设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之

间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。

12.lived/hadlived/hadbeenliving【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧

洲生活了数万年，直到大约4万年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语，结合句意，此处是指在灭绝之前一

直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前，结合时间状语fortensofthousandsofyears。故应用

过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态；又因动作发生在过去，强调过去发生的动作，也可用一般过去

时。故答案为lived/hadlived/hadbeenliving。

13.smarter【解析】考查形容词的比较级。句意：但长期以来，人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪

明。设空处前为were设空处应用形容词，设空处后的than表示比较，应用比较级。故答案为smarter。

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的

空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

(2019•北京・高考真题)EarthDay,14(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublic

awarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.Firstcelebrated151970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmore

than190countriesandregions(地区).Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious

16(activity)onEarthDay.Youcanplantatree,makeamealwilhlocallygrownvegetables,orsave

power-thepossibilitiesareendless.

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球日这一节日的历史和意义。

14.marked【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地球「I于4月22n举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年

度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要作名词EarthDay的后置定语，且两者之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。

故填markedo

15.in【解析】考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。

在年份前耍用介词in。故填in。

16.activities【解析】考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。

根据设空前的修饰词various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。

C

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的

空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

(2022•北京・高考真题)Sincepeoplecan'talwayseatoutorcookfor17(they),theygettakeoutororder

delivery.Moretakeoutandmorefooddeliveryequalmorewaste,especiallyplasticwaste.Thatincludescups,

bottles,andbags,mostof18areonlygoodforoneuse.That,sabigproblemanditisgettingeven

19（bad）.Theuseofthoseplastics20（increase）by300%since2019.Theworldwon'tsurvive

ifthissituationcontinues.

【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了人们在点外卖的同时，也增加了塑料产品的使用，造成了环境污染。

17.themselves【解析】考查反身代词。句意：因为人们不能总是在外面吃饭或者为他们自己做饭，所以他

们叫外卖或者预定配送服务。空处在句中作介词for的宾语，当主语和宾语为同一物时，宾语要用反身代

词。所以此处要用反身代词themselveso故填themselveso

18.which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多数（东西）只能使用一次。分

析可知，mostofareonlygoodforoneuse在句中为非限制性定语从句；先行词为cups,bottles,and

bags,在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。

19.worse【解析】考查比较级。句意：这是个大问题，而且越来越严重。even“甚至”常置于比较级前，所以

此处用worse,故填worseo

2O.hasincreased【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句

中since2019,可知此处用现在完成时。主语Theuseof（hoseplastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has

increasedo

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）

第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上

将该项涂黑。

A

（2021•北京•高考真题）Ifyouareplanningtostartacareerinthefieldofeducation,science,orculture,then

anintemship（实习）atUNESCOwillbeidealforyou.

Whocanapply?

Youhavecompletedyourfull-timeuniversitystudies；or.

Youarestudyinginagraduateprogramforamaster'sdegree.

Applicantsintechnicalassignmentsmusthavereachedthelastyearoftheirstudiesinatechnical

institution.

Whataretherequirements?

Youmustbeatleast20yearsold.

Youshouldhaveagoodcommand（掌握）ofeitherEnglishorFrench.

Youmusthaveanexcellentknowledgeofoffice-relatedsoftware.

Youshouldbeabletoworkwellinateamandadapttoaninternationalworkingenvironment.

Youshouldpossessstronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills.

Whatdoyouneedtoprepare?

Visa：Youshouldobtainthenecessaryvisas.

Travel：Youmustarrangeandfinanceyourtraveltoandfromthelocationwhereyouwilldoyour

internship.

Medicalinsurance：Youmustshowproofofacomprehensivehealthinsurancevalid（有效的）inthe

targetcountryfortheentireperiodoftheinternship.UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurancecoverageupto

USD30,000fortheinternshipperiod.

Medicalcertificate：Youmustprovideamedicalcertificateindicatingyouarefittowork.

Motivationletter：Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingouttheapplicationform.

YourapplicationwillbeaccessedbyUNESCOmanagersandwillstayinourdatabaseforsixmonths.Wedo

notrespondtoeverycandidate.Ifselected,youwillbecontactedbyamanager.Ifyoudonotreceiveanyupdate

withinsixmonths,itmeansthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful.

21.Accordingtothispassage,applicantsarerequiredto.

A.holdamaster'sdegreeinscience

B.haveinternationalworkexperience

C.befluentineitherEnglishorFrench

D.presentaletterfromatechnicalinstitution

22.WhatwillUNESCOprovidefortheinternshipperiod?

A.Limitedmedicalinsurancecoverage.

B.Trainingincommunicationskills.

C.Amedicalcertificateforwork.

D.Financialsupportfbrtravel.

23.Whatshouldapplicantsdobeforefillingouttheapplicationform?

A.ContactUNESCOmanagers.B.Getaccesstothedatabase.

C.Keepamotivationletterathand.D.Workinateamfbrsixmonths.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是联合国教科文组织的实习项目。

21.C【解析】细节理解题。根据Whataretherequirements?部分的Youshouldhaveagoodcommand（掌

握）ofeitherEnglishorFrench（你应该精通英语或法语）可知，申请者必须精通英语或法语，故选C。

22.A【解析】细节理解题。根据Whatdoyouneedtoprepare?部分的UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurance

coverageuptoUSD30,000fortheinternshipperiod（联合国教科文组织将为实习期间提供不超过3万美元的有

限保险）可知，教科文组织为实习期间提供有限的医疗保险，故选A。

23.C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingoutthe

叩plicationform（在填写申请表之前，你应该准备好你的动机信）可知，在填写申请表之前，申请人应将动

机信放在手边，故选C。

B

（2020・北京•高考真题）Forthepastfiveyears,PaulaSmith,ahistorianofscience,hasdevotedherselfto

re-creatinglong-forgottentechniques.Whiledoingresearchforhernewbook,shecameacrossa16th-century

Frenchmanuscript（手稿）consistingofnearly1,000setsofinstructions,coveringsubjectsfromtoolmakingto

findingthebestsand.

Theauthor'sintentionremainsasmysterious（神秘）ashisname;hemayhavebeensimplytakingnotesforhis

ownrecords.ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn'ttrulygraspanyoftheskillstheauthor

described."YousimplycantgetanunderstandingofthathandworkbyreadingaboutitJshesays.

ThoughSmithdidgetherhandsonthebestsand,doingthingstheold-fashionedwayisn'tjustaboutplaying

aroundwithFrenchmud.Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmen（工匠）wholivedcenturiesagocanrevealhow

theyviewedtheworld,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,andwhatwentonintheworkshopsthatproducedthem.It

canevenhelpsolvepresent-dayproblems:In2015,scientistsdiscoveredthata10th-centuryEnglishmedicinefor

eveproblemscouldkilladrug-resistantvirus.

Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smithsays.Onemustknowhowanobjectwasmadein

ordertopreserveit.What*smore,reconstructionsmightbetheonlywaytoknowwhattreasureslookedlikebefore

timeworethemdown.ScholarshaveseenthisideainpracticewithancientGreekandRomanstatues.These

sculptureswerepaintedarainbowofstrikingcolours.Wecan*tappreciatethesekindsofdetailswithoutseeing

worksofartastheyoriginallyappeared-somethingSmithbelievesyoucandoonlywhenyouhavearoadmap.

Smithhasputthemanuscript'sideasintopractice.Herfinalgoalistolinktheworldsofartandscienceback

together:Shebelievesthatbringingtheoldrecipestolifecanhelpdevelopakindoflearningthathighlights

experimentation,teamwork,andproblemsolving.

Backwhenscience—thencalled“thenewphiIosophy^^—tookshape,academicslookedtocraftsmenforhelp

inunderstandingthenaturalworld.Microscopesandtelescopeswereinventedbywayofartistictinkering（修补）,

ascraftsmenexperimentedwithglasstobetterbendlight.

Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceandcraftwork,Smithsays,wecanmarrythebestof

ourmoderninsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.

24.HowdidSmith,feelafterreadingtheFrenchmanuscript?

A.Confusedaboutthetechnicalterms.

B.Impressedwithitsdetailedinstructions.

C.Discouragedbyitscomplexstructure.

D.Shockedforherownlackofhandskills.

25.AccordingtoSmith,thereconstructionworkisdonemainlyto.

A.restoreoldworkshopsB.understandthecraftsmen

C.improvevisualeffectsD.inspirethephilosophers

26.Whydoestheauthormentionmuseums?

A.Torevealthebeautyofancientobjects.

B.Topresentthefindingsofoldscience.

C.Tohighlighttheimportanceofantiques.

D.Toemphasisethevaluesofhandskills.

27.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.CraftsmenSettheTrendsforArtists

B.CraftsmanshipLeadstoNewTheories

C.CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientists

D.CraftsmenReshapetheFutureofScience

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述科学家PaulaSmith致力于对•古代手工技能的研究，认为科学家

如果能够把古代的手工技能和现代的科学方法结合起来，就能够创造更大成就。

24.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn'ttrulygrasp

anyoftheskillstheauthordescribed."Yousimplycan'tgetanunderstandingofthathandworkbyreading

aboutit,"shesays:,让史密斯震惊的主要是，她并没有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。她说广你根本

无法通过阅读来了解这些手工作品。”由此可知读完这份法国手稿，这种手工技能让史密斯感到震惊，

故选D。

25.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmen（工匠）wholivedcenturies

agocanrevealhowtheyviewedtheworld,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,9,重建几个世纪前工匠的作品，

可以揭示他们如何看待世界，他们的家里有什么物件。由此可知，重建工作主要是为了了解工匠。故

选B。

26.D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smithsays.One

mustknowhowonobjectwasmadeinordertopreserveit.What'smore,reconstructionsmightbetheonly

waytoknowwhattreasureslookedlikebeforetimeworethemdown.”史密斯说，这项工作也给博物馆带来

了深刻的见解。为了保存它，一个人必须知道一件物品是如何制成的。更重要的是，重建可能是唯一

的方法，以了解宝藏磨损之前的样子。因此可知，博物馆要想很好保存物品，必须要知道这件物品是

如何制成的，也是在强调手工技能的价值，故选D。

27.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceand

craftwork,Smithsays,wecanmarrythebestofourmodeminsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.”史

密斯说，如果我们能重新发现实践经验和工艺的价值，我们就能将现代的最好见解与我们祖先的灵巧

结合起来。由此可知本文的中心思想就在于如果科学家能把古代的手工技巧同现代的理论结合起来，

就能够获得更多的成就。C选项CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientists工之造就了更好的科学家，符合

文章主题，适合做标题，故选C。

C

（2022•北京•北师大实验中学模拟题）Agroupofblue-facedbirdsstepthroughthegrassshoulderto

shoulder,redeyeslookingaround.Theylooklikemiddleschoolersseekingacafeteriatableatlunchtime.Perhaps

they'renotsodifferent.

Anewstudy,ledbyDamienFarine,anornithologistwhostudiescollectivebehaviour,showsthatthevulturine

guineafowlofeasternAfrica,likehumans,havemultilevelsocieties.Inthepast,scientistsassumedsuchsocial

structuresrequiredalotofbrainpower.Butthepea-brainedguineafowlarerevealingthefaultsinthatassumption.

Theselargebirdswanderacrossthelandscapeinpacks,oftenwalkingsocloselythattheirbodiestouch.They

mayfighteachothertomaintaintheirstricthierarchies（等级制度）,butatothertimestheyengageinfriendly

behaviourslikesharingfood.

Suspectingtheguineafowlmighthaveasocialstructure,Dr.Farineandhiscolleaguesbeganathoroughstudy

oftheirsociety.Forawholeyear,theymadedailyobservationsof441birds.Colouredlegbandsinunique

combinationsletresearcherstelltheblack-and-bluebirdsapart.TheyalsoattachedGPSdevicestothebacksof58

birds,whichletthemseeexactlywhereeverygroupwent,24hoursaday.

Thefindingsoftheresearchsuggestthatthevulturineguineafowlhaveamultilevelsociety.Therearegroups

withingroupswithinthepopulationasawhole.Thereevenseemtobegroupsoffriendswithinthesmallgroups.

Thisisthefirsttimeanyonehasobservedsuchasocietyinabird.

AndDr.Farineemphasizesthisparticularbird'stinybrainsize:"Theydon'tonlyhavesmallbrainsrelativeto

mammals（哺孚L动物）,theyalsohavequitesmallbrainsrelativetootherbirds,“hesaid.

Accordingtohim,livinginthiskindofsocietymightactuallymakeiteasiertokeeptrackofthesocialorder.

Forexample,ifgroupsarestableandabirdcanidentifyjustoneortwoindividualswithinagroup,itknowswhich

groupit'slookingat-noneedforabrainthatcanrecognizeeverysingleanimal.Multilevelsocietiesalsolet

animalsadjusttheirgroupsizesbasedonwhateverchallengesthey'refacing.Dependingonwhatenemiesor

resourcesarearound,itmightmakesensetotravelinacombinedgroupratherthanasmallerone.

“Havingamultilevelstructuremaynotrequirehavingalargebrain,"Dr.Farinesaid.Theremaybemore

birdsandotheranimalsouttherethat,althoughsmall-brained,havesocietiesasmany-leveledasourown.

28.Accordingtothepassage,whatinspiredDr.Farinetocarryoutthestudy?

A.TheguineafowPssocialbehaviour.B.Previousassumptionsaboutbirds.

C.Hisinterestinanimalbrainpower.D.Thefaultsinearlierresearch.

29.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Theresearchsubjects.B.Theresearchmethods.

C.Theresearchfindings.D.Theresearchequipment.

30.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?

A.Complexsocialsystemscanbeadisadvantagetotheguineafowl.

B.Theguineafowlaregoodatrecognizingindividualsinagroup.

C.Birdsmaintainsocialorderbytravellingincombinedgroups.

D.Small-brainedanimalscanformmultilevelsocieties.

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲J‘鸟类学家DamienFarine团队在非洲东部的一项新的研究发现:

小脑动物也有多层次的社会结构。

28.A【解析】细节理解题。由第四段中的“Suspectingtheguineafowlmighthaveasocialstructure,Dr.Farineand

hiscolleaguesbeganathoroughstudyoftheirsociety/由于怀疑珍珠鸡可能有社会结构,Farine博士和他的

同事们开始对它们的社会进行深入研究。厂可知，珍珠鸡的社会行为和社会结构让Farine博士和他的

同事们有所怀疑，所以他们进行了彻底的研究。故选A。

29.B【解析】主旨大意题。由第四段中的“Forawholeyear,theymadedailyobservationsof441birds.Coloured

legbandsinuniquecombinationsletresearcherstelltheblack-and-bluebirdsapart.TheyalsoattachedGPS

devicestothebacksof58birds,whichletthemseeexactlywhereeverygroupwent,24hoursaday,（一整年，

他们每天观察441只鸟。独特组合的彩色腿带让研究人员区分了黑蓝色的鸟类。他们还在58只鸟的背

上安装了GPS设备，让它们一天24小时准确地看到每一组鸟的去向。广可知，这段主要是讲述他们团

队如何研究观察的，即他们的研究方法。故选B。

30.D【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段“Havingamultilevelstructuremaynotrequirehavingalargebrain,Dr.

Farinesaid.Theremaybemorebirdsandotheranimalsouttherethat,althoughsmall-brained,havesocieties

asmany-leveledasourown."（拥有一个多层次的结构可能不需要有一个大的大脑，”法林博士说。可能

还有更多的鸟类和其他动物，虽然它们的大脑很小，但它们的社会像我们人类的社会一样多层次。）可

知，脑容量小的动物可以形成多层次的社会结构。故选D。

D

（2022♦北京•高考真题）Quantum（量子）computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeen

sendingmearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.

I'vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIsee

assomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.

Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanies

haveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantum

machinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedircction.^^Thisis

thesortofhype（炒作）thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan'tkeep.

“What'snew,“Johnsonwrote,4tisthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputing

researchers.^^

Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,the

publicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork'spotential.Ifresearcherscan'tkeeptheirpromises,

excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshave

gonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,

Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“'quantum'standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn'tbeabletounderstand.^^

AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.

AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.Healsoansweredmyquestionsabout

PyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson'sconcernsabouthype,buthesaysthose

concernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.

Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin（幅度）"tobuildinga"usefUl”

quantumcomputer,onethat"solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise?*

Headds,"Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhat

wearedoingwithothers.^^

CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin"，asTaylorclaims?Idon'tknow.

I'mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,just

asItrustJohnson.

31.RegardingJohnson'sconcerns,theauthorfeels.

A.sympatheticB.unconcernedC.doubtfulD.excited

32.WhatleadstoTaylor'soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?

A.Hisdominanceinphysics.B.Thecompetitioninthefield.

C.HisconfidenceinPyQuantum.D.Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.

33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone“inParagraph3mostprobablymean?

A.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.Resistant.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?

B.IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?

C.WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?

D.WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?

【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？“，计算机科学家克

里斯・约翰逊和物理学家菲利普・泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。

31,A［解析］推理判断题。根据第三自然段“Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,

researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork's

potential.Ifresearcherscan'tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentand

anger,Johnsonwarns.（随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、

公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会

让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最后一段“But【trustTaylor,justas【trustJohnson."（但我相信泰勒，就

像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A.sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B.

unconcerned不关心的；C.doubtful怀疑的；D.excited激动的。故选A。

32.C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylarge

margin（幅度）"tobuildinga“useful“quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwe

wouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise."Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butI

havespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers?'（他说，这家公司比其他

任何公司都“在很大程度上“接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则

我们无法解决这个问题他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比

较我们与他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。

33.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“ButsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallyEione

tohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“'quantum'standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn'tbea