高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解 七主旨大意之段落大意题试题

主旨大意之段落大意题ADoyouknowelectricitycanchangethewaywetastefood？ProvingthisfactisarevolutionaryelectricforkdesignedbyJapaneseresearchersthatcanmakeanydishtastesalty.AccordingtoHiromiNakamura，aPostDocResearchFellowatTokyo’sMeijiUniversity，thetechnologycanbeveryusefulforpeopleonspecialdiets.Patientswithhighbloodpressure，forinstance，caneasilygoonalow­saltdietandstillenjoydeliciousfood.Andwiththefork，there’sabsolutelynoriskofover­saltingtheirfood.Luckily，thevoltage(电压)issosmallthatthereisnoriskofelectrocution(触电)either.TheideaofaddingelectricitytofoodwasfirstexposedasanexperimentattheComputerHumanInteractionConferenceinAustin，Texas，in2012.Nakamuraandherteamconnectedawiretoa9­voltbatteryandpasseditthroughastrawplacedinacupofsweetlemonade.Volunteersreportedthatthechargedlemonadetasted“blander”，becausetheelectricitycreatedthetasteofsalt.Nakamurahasimprovedthetechnologytobeabletotransferanelectricchargetofoodthroughforksandchopsticks.“Themetallicpartoftheforkisoneelectrode(电极)，andthehandleistheother，”Nakamuraexplained.“Whenyoutakeapieceoffoodwiththeforkandputitinyourmouth，youconnectthecircuit.Whenyouremovetheforkfromyourmouth，youdisconnectthecircuit.Soitactuallyworksasaswitch.”SimonKlose，hostoffoodprogramMunchies，whorecentlyvisitedNakamuratotryouttheforkhimself，calledthisformof“foodhacking”oneofthegreatesteatingexperienceshe’deverhad.“WhenIfirstheardofelectricfood，itsoundedscary，”hesaid.Helatercontinuedtouseachargedforktoeatpiecesoffriedchicken，andfoundthatthesaltinessconsiderablyincreasedastheelectricitywasconnected.Nakamurahasbeeneating“electric”foodforthepastthreetofouryearsinanattempttounderstanditbetter.“Forme，‘foodhacking’isaboutstrengtheningorweakeningrealfood，”shesaid.“Itmayseemlikewe’recookingbutwe’reactuallyworkingonthehumansenses.”eq\x(语篇解读本文属于科普说明文，主要介绍了日本科学家使用电流改变食物的味道的研究。)1．Theelectricforkmaybenefitpeoplewho.A．needtogoonadietB．havehighbloodpressureC．preferfoodfreeofsaltD．showinterestintastyfood答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Patientswithhighbloodpressure，forinstance，caneasilygoonalow­saltdietandstillenjoydeliciousfood.”可知，患高血压的人使用这一技术仍然可以享受盐分低而美味的食物，这些食物属于健康食物。说明这一技术对患高血压的人有益。故B正确。2．Paragraph4mainlytellsus.A．howtheelectricforkworksB．whatmakesthecircuitconnectedC．howthetechnologywasimprovedD．whytheelectricforkwasinvented答案A解析段落大意题。阅读本段可知，本段主要介绍theelectricfork的工作原理。3．Fromthepassage，welearnthattheelectricfork.A．createsvirtualtasteB．changespeople’sdietsC．helpscurediseasesD．replacessaltincooking答案A解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知，实际上电击只是给人一种虚拟的假味道，实际上食物还是原来的味道。故A正确。BInanticipation(预料)ofanextraordinaryvisit，thestreetsandbuildingsofHavana，Cuba，werecleanedandpaintedbydozensofworkers.Whatwastheoccasion?Forthefirsttimeinnearly90years，asittingUnitedStatespresidentwascomingtoCuba，anislandnation90milessouthofFlorida.OnSunday，PresidentBarackObama，joinedbyhisfamily，steppedoffAirForceOneandontoarainyrunway，whereCubandignitaries(高官)eagerlyawaitedhim.“It’swonderfultobehere，”thepresidentsaid.ThelasttimeaU．S.presidentcametoCubawasin1928.ItwasPresidentCalvinCoolidge，andhearrivedonabattleship.ObamawillbeinCubathroughTuesday.HeissettomeetwithCuba’spresident，RaulCastro，attendastatedinnerandeventakepartinabaseballgame.TheU．S.cutalltieswithCubaafterFidelCastro’scommunistgovernmenttookcontroloftheislandin1959.Intheyearsthatfollowed，bothcountries’opposingpoliticalviewsfurtheredtheseparation.PlansforsocialandeconomicchangebeganafterPresidentFidelCastrotransferredpowertohisbrother，Raulin2008.RaulCastrothensetaplaninmotiontorevivethecountry’seconomy.Sincethen，Cubahasbeentakingsmall，yetlastingstepstowardchangebyremovinganumberofrestrictionsthathadbeensetonitscitizens，suchasaccesstotheInternet，theuseofcellphones，andbyallowingpeopletoworkatjobsnotcontrolledbythegovernment.Cuba，however，stillhastoughlimitsonmedia，publicassemblyandpoliticalopposition.ObamahopestosharehisvisionforCuba’sfutureduringaspeechhewilldeliver.Beforethetrip，SeniorAdvisorBenRhodessaidthepresidenthopedtousethisvisitasawayto“continuetocreateopeningsforgreatengagementbetweentheAmericanandCubanpeople.”语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了美国总统奥巴马访问古巴的新闻，分析了这次访问的前因后果以及深远影响。4．Whatisstressedinthesecondparagraph?A．PresidentObama’sarrivalontelevision.B．ObamaandCastrotalkabouthumanrights.C．ThefirstservingU．S.presidenttovisitCubarecently.D．FirstladyMichelleObamawaslaterwelcomed.答案C解析段落大意题。根据第二段第一句“Forthefirsttimeinnearly90years，asittingUnitedStatespresidentwascomingtoCuba，anislandnation90milessouthofFlorida.”可知奥巴马访问古巴是90年以来在职的美国总统第一次访问古巴，这是有划时代的意义的一次访问。所以本段想强调的也正是这一点。5．WhatwastheeventshowingCuba’schangeforthebetter?A．FidelCastrorosetopower.B．RaulCastrocametopower.C．CalvinCoolidgearrivedinCuba.D．TheU．S.officialsarrivedinCuba.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“PlansforsocialandeconomicchangebeganafterPresidentFidelCastrotransferredpowertohisbrother，Raulin2008.RaulCastrothensetaplaninmotiontorevivethecountry’seconomy.”及第四段第一句可知，在2008年FidelCastro把总统的职位传给他的弟弟RaulCastro以后，RaulCastro就进行了一系列的社会和经济改革，使古巴的情况逐渐好转。故B项正确。6．AccordingtoBenRhodes，whichisthepurposeofBarackObama’svisittoCuba?A．TobringnegativechangeforCubans.B．TocarryouthisvisionforCuba’sfuture.C．Tobreaksilenceandnocommunications.D．TogiveMr.Castroalistofpoliticalviews.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一句“...thepresidenthopedtousethisvisitasawayto‘continuetocreateopeningsforgreatengagementbetweentheAmericanandCubanpeople.’”可知，奥巴马总统希望通过本次访问打破美国和古巴之间多年没有联系的局面并进一步深入双方的关系和联系。故C正确。CPeoplearebeingtrickedintoFacebookwiththepromiseofafun，freeservicewithoutrealizingthey’repayingforitbygivinguploadsofpersonalinformation.MostFacebookusersdon’trealizethisishappening.Eveniftheyknowwhatthecompanyisupto，theystillhavenoideawhatthey’repayingforFacebookbecausepeopledon’treallyknowwhattheirpersonaldataisworth.Thebiggestproblem，however，isthatthecompanykeepschangingtherules.Earlyon，youkeepeverythingprivate.ThatwasthegreatthingaboutFacebook—youcouldcreateyourownlittleprivatenetwork.However，thecompanychangeditsprivacyrulessothatmanythings—yourcity，yourphoto，yourfriends’names—wereset，bydefault(默认)tobesharedwitheveryoneontheInternet.AccordingtoFacebook’svice­presidentElliotSchrage，thecompanyissimplymakingchangestoimproveitsservice，andifpeopledon’tshareinformation，theyhavea“lesssatisfyingexperience”．SomecriticsthinkthisismoreaboutFacebooklookingtomakemoremoney.Inoriginalbusinessmodel，whichinvolvedsellingadsandputtingthem，atthesideofthepages，totallytired.Whowantstolookatadswhenthey’reonlineconnectingwiththeirfriends?TheprivacyissuehasalreadylandedFacebookinhotwaterinWashington.InApril，SenatorCharlesSchumercalledonFacebooktochangeitsprivacypolicy.HealsourgedtheFederalTradeCommissiontosetguidelinesforsocialnetworkingsites.“Ithinkthesenatorrightlycommunicatedthatwehadnotbeenclearaboutwhatthenewproductswereandhowpeoplecouldchoosetousethemornottousethem，”Schrageadmits.IsuspectthatwhateverFacebookhasdonesofartoinvadeourprivacy，it’sonlythebeginning，whichiswhyI’mconsideringcancellingmyaccount.Facebookisahandysite，butI’mupsetbytheideathatmyinformationisinthehandsofpeopleIdon’tknow.That’stoohighapricetopay.语篇解读Facebook通过免费的、有趣的服务吸引着众人，但为此人们付出了沉重的代价——泄露了大量的个人信息。7．WhatdowelearnaboutFacebookfromthefirstparagraph?A．Itisawebsitethatsendsmessagestouserswhowanttogetmarried.B．Itearnsmoneybyputtingonadvertisements.C．Itmakesmoneybysellingitsusers’personaldata.D．Itprovidesloadsofinformationtoitsusers.答案C解析段落大意题。根据第一段“PeoplearebeingtrickedintoFacebookwiththepromiseofafun，freeservicewithoutrealizingthey’repayingforitbygivinguploadsofpersonalinformation.”可知本段主要讲人们被Facebook的一些幌子骗了，付出的代价是出卖了自己的个人信息。可知选C。8．WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutmostFacebookusers?A．Theyareunwillingtogiveuptheirpersonalinformation.B．Theydon’tknowtheirpersonaldataenrichesFacebook.C．Theydon’tidentifythemselveswhenusingthewebsite.D．Theycareverylittleabouttheirpersonalinformation.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段中“...withoutrealizingthey’repayingforitbygivinguploadsofpersonalinformation.”和第二段中“MostFacebookusersdon’trealizethisishappening...peopledon’treallyknowwhattheirpersonaldataisworth.”可知，大多数用户对个人信息泄露并不知情，他们不知道自己的信息已被出卖，而使Facebook挣了钱。故选B。9．WhydoesFacebookmakechangestoitsrulesaccordingtoElliotSchrage?A．Toprovidebetterservicetoitsusers.B．ToobeytheFederalguidelines.C．Toimproveitsusers’connection.D．Toexpanditsbusiness.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第四段“AccordingtoFacebook’svice­presidentElliotSchrage，thecompanyissimplymakingchangestoimproveitsservice，andifpeopledon’tshareinformation，theyhavea‘lesssatisfyingexperience’．”可知ElliotSchrage认为公司不断改变规则是为了提高用户体验，更好地为用户服务。故选A。10．WhydoestheauthorplantocancelhisFacebookaccount?A．Heisdissatisfiedwithitspresentservice.B．Hefindsmanyofitsusersuntrustworthy.C．Hedoesn’twanthispersonaldatabadlyused.D．Heisupsetbyitsfrequentrulechanges.答案C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中“IsuspectthatwhateverFacebookhasdonesofartoinvadeourprivacy，it’sonlythebeginning，whichiswhyI’mconsideringcancellingmyaccount.Facebookisahandysite，butI’mupsetbytheideathatmyinformationisinthehandsofpeopleIdon’tknow.”可知，作者决定注销Facebook账户是为了保护自己的个人信息，防止个人信息被滥用。故选D。DDotheexercise15through25.Givethedifferentformsoftheverbsonpage50ofyourFrenchworkbook.Readpage12through20oftheShakespeareplay，andwhenyouhavefinishedthat，don’tforgettofillthemissingchemicalsymbolsonthePeriodicTableofElementsworksheet.Homeworkisamajorpartofgoingtoclass，andithelpsstudentsgraspimportantconcepts.Luckily，youcandoafewthingstomakehomeworklesspainful.First，besureyouunderstandtheassignment.Writeitdowninyournotebookordayplannerifyouneedto，anddon’tbeafraidtoaskquestionsaboutwhatisexpected.Itismucheasiertotakeaminutetoasktheteacherduringorafterclassthantostruggletorememberlateratnight!Second，useanyextratimeyouhaveinschooltoworkonyourhomework.Manyschoolshavestudyhallsthatarespecificallydesignedtoallowstudentstostudyorgethomeworkdone.Itisattractivetohangoutwithfriendsduringstudyperiodsorunscheduledtime，butthemoreworkyoucangetdoneinschool，thelessyouwillhavetodoatnight.Third，paceyourself.Ifyoudon’tfinishyourhomeworkduringschool，thinkabouthowmuchyouhaveleftandwhatelseisgoingonthatday，andthenbudgetyourtime.Mosthighschoolstudentshavebetween1and3hoursofhomeworkanight.Ifitisaheavy­homeworkdayanditseemslikeyouhavegotanassignmentoneverysubjectbutgymandlunch，youwillneedtodevotemoretimetohomeworkschedule，especiallyifyouareinvolvedinsportsoractivitiesorhaveanafter­schooljob.语篇解读家庭作业是学习中非常重要的一部分，能够帮助学生学习很多重要的概念。文章介绍了几种让做家庭作业更轻松的建议。11．Thefirstparagraphisprobably.A．examinationitemsB．alistofhomeworkC．somet