Unit3词汇短语语法知识点梳理及拓展2022-2023学年人教版英语八年级下册

八下unit3知识点精讲及拓展一、词汇变形1．v.扔；掷__________→__________(过去式)→__________(过去分词)2．v.依靠；信赖→_____________→_____________adj.可信赖的，可靠的→_____________n.独立→____________adj.独立的；自主的3．v.发展；壮大______________→______________(名词)→______________adj.发达的，先进的→______________adj发展中的4．n.公正性；合理性_____________→_____________(形容词：合理的；公正的)→_____________(形容词：不合理的；不公正的)5．v.落下；掉下____________→____________(过去式及过去分词)→____________(­ing形式)6.精神压力，心理负担→_______________n→______________v.强调，着重，使焦虑→______________adj.焦虑不安的，心力交瘁的→______________adj.压力大的，紧张的7.邻居n._______________→街坊，街区，邻里n._______________二、短语荟萃1._____________________倒出垃圾 2.goout(for)_____________________3.______________待在外面；不在家 4._____________________搭车5._____________________从事；创作 6.叠衣服_____________________7._____________________扔掉，丢弃 8._____________________过来；顺便来访9.带走_______________________ 10._____________________代替，取代…11.浪费时间__________________12._____________________为某人提供某物13.___________________依靠；信赖 14._____________________结果是15.总是，一直_______________________16.和…一起闲逛/瞎混___________________17，为了，目的是__________________18.惊讶地，惊奇地_____________________19.因此，结果是___________________20.一…..就_____________________________21.既不……也不____________________22.完成做某事，做完某事_____________23.对某人生气_____________________24.对某事感到生气____________________25.介意做某事_____________________26.讨厌做某事_________________________27.借（回）______________________28.借（出）___________________________29.小心，照顾，保重______________30.扫地________________________________三、知识详解1.Couldyoupleasedosth?请你（做）......好吗？用于___________________________________________，说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.【常用答语】肯定回答：_______________________________________否定回答：_______________________________________【考题链接】①.—CouldIborrowyourcamera?—___________，butpleasegiveitbackbySaturday.A.IamsorryB.OfcourseC.CertainlynotD.No,thanks2.takeout取出（v+adv）（）Histeethhurtbadly.Thedentist______.A.tookoutitB.tookoutthemC.tookitoutD.tookthemout【短语拓展】takeoutthetrashtakeawalktakeawaytakeone’stemperaturetakebacktakeplacetakeofftakeafter【考题链接】()—Lisa,weneedtocleanthekitchen.Couldyou____thetrash?—Yes,sure.A.takeafterB.takeoffC.takeplaceD.takeout()_____yourpenandwritedownwhatI’mgoingtosay.A.TakeawayB.TakeoffC.TakedownD.Takeout3.dothedishes洗碗【结构1】dothe+名词：eg:__________________________________【结构2】dothe+动词ingeg:__________________________________【结构3】doone’s+名词eg:__________________________________4.IthinktwohoursofTVisenoughforyou!我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。【解析1】twohoursofTV表示__________、___________、____________、___________等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用_______形式。Howtimeflies!Threeyears_______(be)reallyashorttime.100years__________alongtime.Tenmiles_________toofarfora5yearoldboy.5.TheminuteIsatdowninfrontoftheTV,mymomcameover.【解析1】theminute=assoonas意思是“______________”（主将从现）请你一到那就写信给我。__________________________________【解析2】eover___________________【拓展】e短语：请写出以下短语的意思eacross eupwithetrue efrom=befromeon eout6.【解析】allthetime=always一直；总是【拓展】与time相关的短语：请写出以下短语的意思ontimeintimeatthesametime fromtimetotimeforthefirsttime attimesnexttimetimeandtimeagain【考题链接】()Man’sunderstandingofnatureisdeveloping____.Itneverstaysatthesamelevel.A.attherighttimeB.forthefirsttimeC.fromtimetotimeD.allthetime()Weallknowthattheearthmovesaroundthesun_____.A.ontimeB.attimesC.allthetimeD.intime7.【解析】as...as...和......一样......中间加______________【考题链接】()Thereareasmallnumberofpeopleinvolved,possibly______twenty.A.asfewas B.aslittleas C.asmanyas D.asmuchas()LiuYingisgoodatsinging.Shesings______thefamoussinger,CoCo.A.aswellas B.asgoodas C.asbetterasD.asthebestas8.Foroneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI.一周时间，她没有做任何家务，我也没有做。1)“neither+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”表示上句否定的情况也适合于后者”某人也不……”__________________________________________说明前面的肯定情况同样也适用于后者。—YouwatchedTVlastnight.你们昨晚看了电视。—_____________thechildren.孩子们也看了。2)neither两者都不，后可跟of，做主语时，谓语动词__________________Neitherofthetwins________(like)todrinkcoffee.3)neither…nor…既不…也不…,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词__________________________NeitherTomnorJimastudent.★neither&either1.neither的意思是“两个都不”，either的意思是“两个中的任何一个”或者“两个中的各一个”。后面都可跟of，做主语时，谓语动词用_________

2.neither…nor…既不…也不…（就近原则）

either…or…或者…或者…（就近原则）【考题链接】()Ihavetwosisters,but________ofthemisateacher.A.allB.neitherC.bothD.none()—TheteachersinthatschoolspeakeitherEnglishorFrench,oreven_______.—That'ssocool!A.allB.bothC.neitherD.none()－Whichdoyouprefer,aCDplayeroraWalkman?－_____.Ipreferaportableputer.A.Both B.Either C.None D.Neither()Hespeaks______English______French.Instead,hespeaksGerman.Aeither;orBnotonly;butalsoCboth;andDneither;nor()Ican’tplaythepiano,and_____.A.neithercanmysisterB.mysistercan’t,tooC.socan’tmysisterD.canmysister,either()—Ｉwenttotheparkyesterday.—____.ButIdidn’tseeyouthere.A.SodoIB.SodidIC.NeitherdidI9.【解析】find+宾语+宾语补足语【注】find→found___________________发现某人做某事Wefoundhim__________(wait)toweleus.__________________发现……处于……状态Ifindthetext__________(difficulty)tounderstand.findsb./sth+介短发现……处于……状态Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimself________.(住院了)_________________________________________发现做某事很……◆finditdifficult/hardtodosth发现做某事很困难()Shefound___hardtofinishtheworkbyherself.A.thatB.it’sC.itD.this10.【解析】insurprise惊奇地；吃惊地;一般作_______________________。surprisev使吃惊→___________adj.令人吃惊的→____________adj.吃惊的___________________使某人吃惊的是besurprisedat_________________【考题链接】①__________________(使我吃惊的是），hegotthefirstprizeintheexam.②Weare____________atthe_____________news.(surprise)11.pass⑴v给；递；passsb.sth把某物递给某人=__________________passon传递⑵v.________________⑶v.________________【考题链接】（）IfNancy__theexam,shewillgotoAustraliaforEnglishstudy.A.passB.passedC.passesD.willpass12.【解析】borrow/lend/keep(1)borrow借入,与from连用，指【借进来”】______________________从某人那里借某物(2)lend借出,与to搭配【指借出去】______________________________把某物借给某人borrow和lend一样，是非延续性动词，表示一个瞬间完成的动作不能与一段时间连用。(3)keep保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】【考题链接】()Youmay___thebookfortwoweeks.A.keepB.borrowC.lendD.buy()—MayI____yourdictionary?—Sorry.LiLei____itforfivedays.A.lend;borrowedB.borrow;haskeptC.borrow;hasborrowedD.lend;haslent()Althoughyoulikethebook,youmayonly______itfortwoweeks.A.borrowB.keepC.lendD.stay.()Canwe_______thebookfortwoweeks?AborrowBlendＣkeepDhad13.wasteun.____________vt.___________adj.____________________________________.....的浪费Eg.玩电脑游戏事浪费时间______________________________________________________校园里随处可以看见垃圾_____________________________________________________wastetime/moneyonsb/sth________________________浪费时间在做某事上____________________________14.inorderto+v原“为了”=sothatEg.Inordertocatchtheearlybus,shegotupearly.1）.in

order

to

do

sth为了做某事inordernotto为了不做某事2）.in

order

that+句子(引导目的从句）扩展：order作名词1.__________________________________依次，按顺序_________________整齐________________出故障，2._____________________________________点菜________________给某人下命令order作动词,表定制，订购，命令____________________订购某物____________________命令某人做某事15.provide和offer的用法区别①首先在语义上，provide仅表示”__________”，而offer强调“_______________”。②其次在语法和搭配上，offer后可跟双宾语，而provide后不可跟双宾语。给某人提供某物即_________________./_________________.给某人提供某物_________________=_________________(主动)

supplysbwithsth=supplysthfor/tosb16.(1)since引导原因状语从句=_____________“由于；因为”,Eg.Sincehewaslazy,hedidn’tfinishhishomework.Hedidn’tesincehewasbusy.(2)since引导时间状语从句,“自从…以后”常与___________________连用①since+过去_____________(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点).e.g.Ihavebeenheresince1989.

②since+一段时间+ago

e.g.Ihavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.③since+___________

Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft17.dropv.落下；放弃，停止droppeddropoutofschool____________________________________________从···掉下dropby______________dropinto_________________droplitter___________________n.滴，水珠_____________________一滴水四、练习巩固词组_______________________________Isawit,Ilikedit.我一看到它，就喜欢上它了。SinceIlefthome,Ihavemissedmyparents________________________________.自从离开家后，我一直在想念我的父母。______________________________cheerherselfup,shedecidedtogototheseasideforaholiday.为了让自已的心情变好，她决定去海边度假。Thishotelpromisesto___________thecustomers___________thebestservice.这家宾馆承诺顾客提供最好的服务。Everyonehasmuch_______________________workandfamily.每个人都有很多来自工作和家庭的压力。6.我父母让我晚上不要在外面呆得很晚。Myparentsaskme________________________________lateatnight.7.现在的孩子太依赖他们的父母。Thechildrenthesedays________________theirparentstoomuch.8.我讨厌打扫教室。Ihate_________________theclassroom.9.为了取得好的成绩，我在学习上花费了大量的时间。Ispendmuchtimeonschoolwork________________________getgoodglades.10.我不认为干家务活是浪费时间。Idon’tthinkdoingthehouseworkis________________________time.语法1.Couldyoupleasedothedishes?_____________.A.NevermindB.That'srightC.NoproblemD.Itdoesn'tmatter2.Couldyouplease______thewindow?It'shotintheroom.A.notcloseB.don'tcloseC.nottocloseD.closenot3.DadsaidImustfinish_____thefloorbeforewatchingTV.A.sweptB.sweepingC.sweepD.tosweep4.Theboysaretalkingaboutthemovie______.Theyalwayshavesomanyfunthingstoshare.happilyB.angrilyC.sadlyD.carefully5.Ilikecoffee_____mydadlovestea.A.whenB.aslongasC.whileD.since6.Alandoesn'tlikejunkfoodand__________.A.sodoIB.meeitherC.neitherdoID.sohedoes7.Iammuchbetternow._______isnoneedformetogotoadoctor.A.ItB.ThatC.ThisD.There8.Mr.Zhanghastwosons,but______ofthemliveswithhim.A.bothB.neitherC.eitherD.all9.Igotupveryearly_______Icouldcatchthefirstbus.A.sothatB.inordertoC.whileD.aslongas10.CouldI_______yourpen,Mike?Sorry,Ijust______ittoBob.A.lend;borrowedB.lend;lentC.borrow;borrowedD.borrow;lent11.WeaskedJohnandHenrysomeeasyquestions,but____ofthemcouldanswerthem.A.noneB.bothB.allD.neither12.Whichismoreuseful,biologyorchemistry?Ithink_____themareuseful.A.eitherofB.noneofC.bothofD.allof13._____Lily____Lucymaygowithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome.A.Notonly,butalsoB.Neither;norC.Both;andD.Either;or14.Iwillgothereforavisitwithmyfamilyduringthelongholiday._______________.SodoIB.SoIdoC.SowillID.SoIwill15.Yoursisterworksveryhard,and___________.A.soyouareB.soyoudoC.soareyouD.sodoyou16.Tomdoesn'tlikeEnglish,_________.A.neitherTomdoesB.NeitherdoesTomC.SoTomdoesD.SodoesTom（三）综合练习题()1.Whoisthemaninblackhat?Oh,heismy___________.Heisnewhere.()2.________ofthetwogirlsisinterestedinchess.Theythinkit’sboring.()3.WhymustItidyupmythehousebymyself,mom？Ithinkit’s________tome.Becauseyourbrothercleanedityesterday.()4.Youcan_________twobooksfromthelibraryandyoucan________themfortwoweeks.borrow,lendB.lend,borrowC.borrow,keepD.lend,keep()5.Doyouknowhow_____________thismathproblem?()6.Wecan________lunchforyouifyouworkhere.()7.Mary,canwegoforapicnictomorrow?It___________theweather.carriesonB.livesonC.dependsonD.holdson()8.HasTonyarrivedinBeijing?Iamnotsure.Buthewillcallusassoonashe__________.willarriveB.arrivesC.arrivedD.wasarriving()9._________wedoforotherpeople,_______wewillbe.Much,happierB.More,happyThemore,thehappierD.Themost,thehappiest()10.Excuseme,couldyouhelpmedosomecleaning?__________.’sagoodideaD.Notatall二、完形填空题（10分)DearSirorMadam，Idon'tlikedoingchores．ButIhave1choicetodothembecausedoingchoresisaruleinmyfamily．WhenIebackfromschool，mymom2says，"Couldyoutakeouttherubbish？"or"Couldyouhelpme3cooking？"Iknowsheisjusttryingtomakememoreindependentand4mehowtotakecareofmyself．But5doesshemakemedoallthehousework？Oh，IknowIamtheoldestandIshoulddothechores．Butit'snotfor6me．Mysistershoulddothem，too．YesterdayIdidallthechoresagain．Myparentswenttovisitmyauntwithmysisterinthemorning．Theyleftme7athomebecauseIhadtodomyhousework．AfterIfinishmyhomework，Ifounditwasreallya8athome．Theydidn'tdoanychores．SoIcleanedtherooms，9thedishesandwateredthegarden．Oh，Imustlooklikea（n)10．WhatshouldIdo？Ihatedoingchoresallalone．Couldyougivemesomeadvice，please？三、阅读理解题（30分）（B）Manyparentsmaketheirchildrendochoresaroundthehouses.Forsomefamilies,teachingchildrenwhattodoandhowtodochoresiseasy.Forotherfamilies,askingchildrentodosomehouseworkcanbeaverybigproblem.Itisa