高考冲刺2024年高考英语真题重组卷01

冲刺2024年高考英语真题重组卷（上海专用）真题重组卷01I.ListeningSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.ABytheshuttlebus B.Byafriend'sprivatecarCBythesubway D.Byasharedbike.2、A.Academicproblems. B.Theman'suniversitytourC.AWeekendtravelplan D.Theman'stourtoalake3.A.TheladywillgohikingnextweekB.TheladytookherkittentothecliniclastweekC.Themancaresaboutthewoman.D.Themandidn'tgohikinglastweek.4.A.HewantstotraveltoShanghai.B.Hehasfoundasuitablejob.C.Hegraduatedlastmonth.D.HishometownmaybeNantong5.A.Silent B.CrazyC.Relieved.D.Depressed6.A.Hewantsthehousetohaveagarageandagarden.Hejustwantsaspacetosunbatheinhishouse.C.Hewantstobuyavilla.D.HelikesEuropeanstyledecoration7.A.HeiscrazyaboutreadingB.HelikesthedecorationstyleofthelibraryC.HeisaknowledgeablecollegestudentD.Heisalibrarian8.A.Shelikessimilarcarmodels.B.ShepromisedarefundwithinaweekC.SheencouragedthemantobuythemodelcarDShehassoldalotofcars9.A.HewantstoleavethepanyB.HeistheprojectleaderofthepanyC.HethinkstheirhardworkwillbewastedD.Hewillannouncetheprogressoftheproject10.A.HischildcamehomelateandhadnofoodB.Hehassparedsomefoodforhischild.C.ThewholefamilywaitedthechildcamebackfordinnerD.Hewasveryangrywithhischild'sbehavior.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestionswillbereadtwice,butthequestionwillbespokenonlyonethefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage11.A.NegativeeffectsofeatingtoomanysnacksB.Thedifferencesbetweensnacksandmeals.C.Strategiesofavoidingeatingtoomanysnacksbeforemeals.D.Healthywaysofhavingmeals.12.AAvoideatingthingsbetweenmeals.B.Eatasmuchfruitaspossible.C.Eatfoodliketoastshortlybeforedinnertohelpwithdigestion.D.Haveacupofyogurtintheafternoon.13.A.TocontroltheamountofsnacksyoueatB.Tomakeithealthier.C.TohelpyoufocusonthemaineventD.TohelpyouknowwhatexactlyyouareeatingQuestions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.3,000billiontrees. B.400billiontrees.C.50milliontrees. D.15billiontrees.15.A.Russiahasalwaysrankedfirstinthenumberoftrees.B.Treeswouldbegoneinthefutureatcurrentremovalrate.C.Peoplewillplanttreesonthecultivatedland.D.Itisimpossibletocalculatethetotalnumberoftrees16.A.Tostoppeoplefrombuildinghousesendlessly.B.Todrawpeople'sattentiontotheimportanceoftrees.C.Tocallonpeopletoprotectthehomesofwildanimals.D.ToattractpeopletostudythegrowthenvironmentoftreesQuestions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Personaltravelplan. B.TravelC.Partydress. D.Organizationofwork18.A.JerrywilltravelbyhighspeedrailB.JerryisHelen'scousin.C.Jerry'sparentsliveinNanjingD.Jerryisrestinginhisapartmentnow19.A.SheknowsthebossthereB.Shebookedthetableamonthearlier.C.HerfriendworksinthisrestaurantD.Shehasanoblestatus.20.A.Goingforapicnicintheforestpark.B.Restingintheapartment.C.GoingtotheDomingorestaurantfordinner.D.GoingtoShanghaiMuseum【听力答案】15ABBDC

610BACCB

1113CDA

1416ABB1720ACBAII.GrammarandVocabulary（每题1分；共20分）SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.（2023年1月上海春季高考）YoungEnterpriseYoungEnterpriseisanorganizationthatmakesseriouseffortstoteachalltypesofyoungpeoplethegeneralprinciplesofrunningabusiness(21)__________(originate)intheUnitedStatesofAmerica,theideaofYoungEnterprisewasintroducedintoBritainbyasuccessfulbanker.(22)__________itdevelopedslowlyinitsearlyyears,theorganizationgrewrapidlylater.YoungEnterpriseisnowbackedbyindustryandmerce,sothattodayyoungpeoplethroughouttheUnitedKingdomcanparticipate.AparticipantinYoungEnterpriseisknownasanAchiever.YoungEnterpriseprimarilymeetstheneedsofyoungpeople(23)__________arestillatschool,givingthemanunderstandingofindustryandtheopportunitiesitmayoffertheminthefuture.Butitisusuallypossible(24)__________(include)youngpeopleinthesameagegroupwhohaveleftschoolbuthavenotyetstartedwork.AnAdviserisapracticingbusinessexecutive(管理人员)withanexpertknowledgeofhisownfieldwhovolunteerstokeepaYoungEnterprisepanyduringitstradingyear.(25)__________countsforAdvisersisanabilitytogetonwithyoungpeopleandtoputacrossthesubject.Asthename(26)__________(imply),Advisersaretheretoadvise:theydonotrunthepanies.Normally,threeAdvisersoneonaccountancy,oneonproductionandoneonmarketing,(27)__________(be)availabletoeachpany.YoungEnterprisemakes(28)__________arulethattheAdvisersmustefromavarietyofbusinessoccupations.ASponsor,(29)__________(reward)onlybythesuccessoftheenterpriseof"its"Achievers,isanorganizationwhichparticipatesinYoungEnterpriseand,(30)__________itsownexpense,providesfacilitiesbymakingavailablemunications,adviceandencouragement.【答案】21.Originating22.Although/Though/While23.who/that24.toinclude25.What26.implies27.are/willbe/havebeen28.it29.rewarded30.at【解析】【导读】文章主要讲述YoungEnterprise是一个教育组织，旨在教导年轻人经营企业的基本原则。它起源于美国，在英国得到了广泛支持。参与者被称为"Achievers"，他们可以是在校学生或已离校但未开始工作的年轻人。每个YoungEnterprise公司都有顾问来指导他们，顾问必须具备相关商业经验。赞助商提供支持并根据企业的成功获得回报。【详解】Originating考查现在分词"originate"是“起源于……”，非谓语动词的现在分词形式，修饰"theideaofYoungEnterprise"，表示YoungEnterprise的想法起源于美国。22.Although/Though/While考查让步状语从句。"although/though/while"表示让步关系，引导让步状语从句，意为"尽管"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。23.who/that考查定语从句。这里使用关系代词作为介绍youngpeople的定语从句，修饰"youngpeople"，指代"youngpeople"，做主语，指人，可以使用"who/that"。24.toinclude考查动词不定式。"toinclude"根据句子结构，空格前的谓语动词is。判定此处为非谓语动词，而且结合句子结构Itis加形容词加todosomething.故填入动词不定式toinclude.句意：但通常可以将同一年龄段的年轻人包括在内，他们已经离开学校，但尚未开始工作。25.What考查名词从句。这里使用名词从句"WhatcountsforAdvisers"引导一个主语从句，意为"对于顾问来说，重要的是……"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。26.implies考查一般现在时。根据句子结构和语境，这里用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式"implies"，表示"意味着"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。27.are/willbe/havebeen考查时态。根据句子结构，主语threeAdvisers后面的破折号是解释说明，判定空格处动词be是句子的谓语部分，再结合句意可知此处为主系表结构，而且“beavailableto”表示“可用于……，……可利用或得到的”，Advisers是复数，故填入are/willbe/havebeen。句意：通常，每家公司都有三名顾问，一名会计顾问、一名生产顾问和一名营销顾问。28.it考查代词。"it"是代词，作为形式宾语代替后面that从句。真正宾语是"thattheAdvisersmustefromavarietyofbusinessoccupations"。29.rewarded考查过去分词。"rewarded"是过去分词作后置定语，修饰"Sponsor"，表示"被奖励"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。30.考查介词（attheexpense...），构成介词短语"atitsownexpense"，表示"以自己的费用"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。SectionB（2021年上海春季高考）Directions:ineachblankwithathebox.Eachcanbeonlyonce.NotethatisoneyouA.applaudingB.entrylevelC.struckD.fascinationE.backsealF.stuckG.standH.promoterI.hookJ.dominantK.empoweredThenatureispartofus.Therefore,itholdsamysterious(31)__________forme.Inmymemory,thevalleywasquietandcalm,onlytoseethewheatalloverthemountainswavingtogetherinrhythmwhenthewindblewthrough,likeaballettroupe.Thesunroseeverymorningasusual,sweepingacrossthevalleyandultimatelyfallingbehindthepeaks.Thesnowthatfallsinwinteralwaysmeltsinspring,bringingnewhopetothisnaturewhereeverythingwaspleasantandbeautiful.Ledbyfate,Ihavebecameanenvironmentalistandhadthehonorofbeinginvitedtoaddressstudentsaboutmygreenlifestyleforalongtime.Thestudentsweresurprisedatmylifestyleandmaybetheythoughtmylifestylewasnolongersuitableformodernlife.Fortunately,theywerestilllistenedtowholelecture,salutingor(32)_________metosomeextenttheapplauseimpliedtheirencouragementtome.sIbegantointeractwiththemunderthestage,Iwas(33)__________bykids'lackofknowledgeofnaturesothattheyhadlittleknowledgeofprotectingenvironment.Aftertheaddress,Iputupastandinthe(34)__________offeringgreenfood,hopingtheminterestedinittogetthe(35)____________experiencingafirsthandfeelingofthegreenlifestylenooneshowsanyinterestin.SoIdecidedtoteamupwiththeconcert(36)__________torunacampaign:“anyonewhocananswera(n)(37)__________environmentalquestionisqualifiedtoattendtheconcert.Soonthemusiccan(38)___________theminghere”.Sincethen,IhavebeenconsideringwhykidstodaydonothavethesamedeepappreciationfornaturethatIdo.Oneofthesignificantfactorsmaybethattheformerruralcivilizationhasbeenreplacedbytheurbancivilization.Inthepast,thepoorplayedthe(39)_________roleinthenature,sotheyclearedthewasteland,plantedcropsandreproducedcivilization.Withthemassiveinvasionofindustrializationandurbanization,peoplewereforcedtomoveawayfromnature.Thestrugglebetweentraditionandmodernity,theconfrontationbetweenhumansandnaturehasledpeopletobelievethattheyarethemastersoftheuniverse.Isthisreallythecase?Itistimetothinkaboutwho(40)_________ustodestroynature.【答案】【导读】这篇文章讲述了作者对大自然的迷恋和环保生活方式的分享。作者提到自己是一个环保主义者，曾被邀请向学生们演讲自己的绿色生活方式。演讲后，作者在展台上摆放了一些绿色食品，希望引起学生们的兴趣，并且与音乐促销人员合作举办活动，通过回答环保问题来参加音乐会。作者还思考了当代孩子们为什么不像自己一样深爱大自然，认为城市文明取代了农村文明，人们与自然的关系发生了变化。【解析】31.D[解析]根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入名词。而且结合下文中的景色描写以及whereeverythingwaspleasantandbeautiful可知，此处句意为“因此，它对我有一种神秘的吸引力(fascination)”，故选D。32.A[解析]根据句子结构分析，此处or连接两个动词，应该填入动词的现在分词形式。而且根据下文tosomeextenttheapplauseimpliedtheirencouragementtome的提示，可知，此处句意为“幸运的是，他们仍然听了整个讲座，在某种程度上向我致敬或鼓掌(applauding)”，根据上下文可以推断出，学生们在演讲结束后向作者鼓掌(applauding)或欢呼，表示对作者的鼓励和支持。故选A。33.C[解析]根据句子结构分析，此处为被动语态，需要填入动词的过去分词形式。而且根据上文可知作者是一个环保主义者，又根据下文theyhadlittleknowledgeofprotectingenvironment提示，此处句意为“被孩子们缺乏保护自然的知识所震惊(bestruckby)”，故此处考查的是固定搭配bestruckby被...所侵袭被...所触动;被...所迷惑，故选C。34.E[解析]结合上文可知，作者做了一场关于环保的演讲，而且根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入名词，故可推测，作者是在演讲场地设置的摊位，故此处句意最有可能是“演讲结束后，我在后座(backseat)设立了一个展台”，故选E。35.G[解析]结合上文作者设置了一个展台，可知此处讲述的还是同一件事情故可推知，此处句意为“希望对它感兴趣的学生能够在展台(stand)上亲身体验”故选G。36.H[解析]根据下文中的"teamupwiththeconcert"可以推断出，作者与音乐促销人员(promoter)合作举办活动，通过回答环保问题来参加音乐会。此处应该是音乐会的相关负责人与作者一起举办了活动，故可推知此处句意为“作者决定与音乐会发起人(promoter)合作开展一项活动”，故选H。37.B[解析]根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入修饰词，及对环境问题的修饰词,故此处句意为“任何能回答入门级(entrylevel)环境问题的人都有资格参加音乐会”，故选B。38.I[解析]根据上下文中的"themusiccan(38)___________theminghere"可以推断出，音乐可以吸引他们前来，引起他们的兴趣(hook)。根据句子结构分析，此处缺少动词，而且根据上文提及的音乐会活动可知，此处句意为“很快音乐就把他们吸引(hook)到这里来了”，故选I。39.J[解析]根据固定搭配可知，此处应填入一个形容词,而且根据上一句Theonceruralcivilizationhasbeenreplacedbytheurbancivilization可知句意，在过去农村文明中，贫困人口扮演着(39)_________的角色，清理荒地、种植农作物并传承文明。这里表示贫困人口在农村文明中扮演的重要角色。此处想要表达的是“在过去，穷人在大自然中起着主导(dominant)作用”，故选J。40.K[解析]根据句子结构分析可知，此处为定语从句，定语从句中缺少谓语动，而且结合上文作者提及的工业化和城市化带来的变化，根据上下文可以推断出，作者认为人们应该思考是谁赋予了他们权力(empowered)去破坏大自然。这里表示人们对自然的毁灭是被授权的。由此可推知，此处句意头是时候想想是谁赋予了(empowered)我们破坏自然的力量了”，故选K。III.Readingprehension(共45分。4145每题1分；5670每题2分)SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA.B.CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext（2018年上海春季高考）Humanshatemarkedlytogiveworkersmorethantheydeserve,andindeedmanywillsettleforlesstopensateworkeequitably.Butisthisimpulse___41___?Perhapsnot,sayspsychologicalscientistMarieSchäferinGermany.AccordingtoSchäfer,nobodyhaseverlookedathowyoungchildrenfromdifferent___42___thinkaboutmeritwhensharingrewards.Thereisreasontosuspectthatmeritocracy（英才教育）maybemoreofaWesternconceptandvalue,sosheandseveralcolleaguesdecidedtoputthistothetest,studyingthe___43___

ofchildren,fourto11yearsold,inthreedifferentcultures.Theideawastotesthowmuchthechildrenvaluedmerit.Soeachchildwasgivenanumberofsweetsequaltothetotalnumberoffishinthecatch,andwastoldtodistributethesweetsanywayheorshewanted—withoutadultsintheroomtoinfluencethem.Iftheyvaluedmerit,childrenshould___44___thesweetsaccordingtosharesofthecatch.Thatis,iftheyhadlandedthesamenumberoffish,theywouldchoosetorewardeachone___45___,butifonefaredmuchbetteratfishing,rewardswouldalsobedisproportionate.Inthecasewheretheyweresimplygiventhefish,rewardsshouldbeunrelatedtocatchsize—sincenoeffortwasinvolved.Culture___46___.That’sthemainfindingamongmanyfromthestudy,asdescribedinaforthingissueofthejournal

PsychologicalScience.TheGermanchildrendistributedthespoilsofthedaypreciselyinproportionto___47___,evenwhenthismeantaveryunbalanceddistributionofrewards.Bycontrast,childrenfromthetworuralAfricansocietiesbarelytookmeritintoconsiderationatall.Thesefindingssuggestthatthebasicnotionofmeritanddistributivejusticeisfarfromuniversalinourspecies,andthat___48___isculturallydefined.Butwhy?Thescientistsoffersome___49___onthis.ItcouldbethatinlargescalesocietieslikeGermany,ameritocracyis___50___forregulatingtransactionsbetweenpeoplewhodon’tknoweachotherandmaynotinteractagain.Thefocusisonequitableinteractions,becausethingswon’tbe“evenedout”inthefuture.Insmallscalesocieties,

___51___

mostexchangestakeplacebetweenpeoplewhoare___52___withoneanother.Itmaybemoreimportantinsuchsocietiestobuildlongtermrelationshipsbasedonequity—ratherthantoinsistonequityinasingletransaction.

Inegalitarianforagersocieties,suchastheHaillom,___53___isanimportantlevelingmechanism,___54___asymmetriesinwealthandincreasingharmony.Childrenmayinternalizethesesocialvaluesearlyon,andapplythemevenwhenthefishingtripis___55___.C.stressC.

equallyC.

matters47.A.

productivityawordB.inadditionC.bycontrastD.what’smoreeriencing【答案】【导读】本文讲述了心理学家Schäfer和她的同事对三种不同文化背景下儿童对公正分配奖励的看法进行研究。他们让每个孩子根据自己捕捞到的鱼的数量自由分配糖果。如果孩子们真的重视功绩，他们就应该根据收获量分配糖果。结果发现，德国的孩子分配战利品非常公正，而来自非洲农村社区的孩子很少考虑功绩因素。这表明功绩和分配公正的基本概念并非我们物种普遍共有的，而是文化定义的。科学家们为此提出一些假设，比如在像德国这样的大型社会中，英才教育更有必要用于调节陌生人之间的交易，因为未来无法弥补不公；而在小型社会中，人们之间的大多数交易都是互相熟悉的，因此更重要的是建立基于公平的长期关系，而不是在单笔交易中坚持公平。最后，作者指出，对于像Haillom这样的平等采集者社会，分享是一种重要的平衡机制，有助于消除财富的不对称性，增加和谐。【详解】B【解析】根据句意这样冲动的行为是普遍的吗？故选B。unblocked非封锁；畅通；universal普遍（存在）的，全体的；宇宙的;unconscious不省人事的；无意识的；未觉察的；潜意识的;unique唯一的；独特的。42.A【解析】根据下文inthreedifferentcultures可知，应填cultures。cultures文化:cases案件:panies公司:aspects各方面。43.B【解析】根据下文可知是研究儿童的行为mood情绪:behavior行为:emotion情绪;habit习惯。44.D【解析】根据句意如果孩子们重视价值，他们就应该按照获物的份额分配糖果。collect收取:load负荷;stress压力:distribute分发。45.C【解析】根据句意:如果他们找到了相同数量的糖果，他们会奖励每个人相等的糖果。really真的:deliberately故意:equally平等:happily高兴地。46.C【解析】根据上下文文意可知，应为文化问题。Scene现场;Object目标tCulture文化:Trend趋势。47.A【解析】根据句意得德国的孩子们根据按劳分配，这就意味着奖励分配非常不平衡。productivity生产力:benefit福利:interest利息;survey调查。48.D【解析】根据前文可知公平只是文化上的定义，在现实生活中并不是这样的。tiredness疲劳:business业务:thickness厚度:Fairness公平。49.B【解析】根据下文可知，本句应为科学家们对此提出了一些看法。feelings感觉:thoughts看法;lives生命:emotions情绪。50.D【解析】根据句意:它可能是在像德国这样的大规模社会中，精英统治对于调节不认识对方的人之间的交易是很重要的，也可能不会再进行互动。可知应填重要的。useful有用的:major主要的:small小的:important重要的。51.C【解析】与前文傲对比，故填bycontrast相比较之下。inaword总而言之inaddition此外;bycontrast相比之下:what'smore更重要的是。52.A【解析】根据上文可知，本句句意为:相比之下，在小规模社会中，大多数交流是在彼此熟悉的人之间进行的。familiar熟悉的;delighted高兴的:satisfied满意的:same相同的。53.D【解析】根据上文可知,分享是一种重婴的水准机制。故填erating合作;smile微笑:equal相等:share分享。54.C【解析】根据上下文可知平衡财富不对称和促进和谐也是重要的。forcing强迫;judge审判;balance平衡。55.B【解析】根据前文可知，这只是假象的钓鱼之旅，故选B，creative创造性的；imaginary想象中的；虚构的；innovative革新的；创新的；logic逻辑性的。SectionB Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（2019年上海春季高考）Ibelievethat,asadoctor,Ishouldalwaysgetablanketformypatientswhoneedone.YesIknowthereareotherpeoplewhocandothis.Icanaskanurseoranorderlytodoit,butIbelievethatIshoulddoit.Soseveraltimesaday,whileworkinginouremergencydepartment,Ileavemypatient’sbedside,getthemanicewarmblanket andcoverthemup,beforecontinuingonmyday.WhichbringsmebacktowhyIbelieveIshouldoffertobringmypatientsablanket.Tomeitisthefirststepinmunicatingtothepersonthatmypriorityishisorherfort,bothphysicalandemotional.Itisasimpleactthatacknowledgesmydesiretomeettheirbasicneedsasapatient.ItmaybeanoverusedexpressionbutIwanttotreatmypatientsthewayIwouldwantmyfamilymemberstakencareof.ThisbehaviorwasalsomodeledformewhenIwasapatient.ShortlyaftercollegeIwasinvolvedinaseriousaccidentwhileworkinginanambulanceasavolunteer.TheshortstoryisthatIbrokemyfemur(大腿骨),thelargeboneinmythigh,andmyrecoveryrequiredatotaloffoursurgeriesoverayearorso.Thesurgeonwhoperformedthelastthreeoperationsusuallydidhisroundslateatnight.HewasabrilliantandtalentedsurgeonwhoremindedmeinappearanceofachainsmokingEinstein.Hewouldaskaboutmypainandmymentalstate,butwhatIremembermostishisofferingtobringmeFrenchfriesthenexttimehevisited.Ifeltthathecaredaboutmeand,moreimportantly,understoodwhatIwasgoingthrough.Heconnectedwithme,andItrustedandobeyedeverythinghetoldmetodo.Gettingablanketandplacingitonmypatientis,intheend,acheckandbalanceforme.Ihavethepowertoorderhundredsoftestsandtreatments.Istrivetoalwaysberight(oratleastneverwrong).Andonnotsorareoccasions,Ihelpsavealife.Butintheend,ifIhavenotmadethatconnectionwithmypatient,ifIhavenotshownthemIunderstandtheirneeds,thenIhavefailedthemasaphysicianandasaperson.56. Whichoneisnotthereasonwhythedoctorprovidesablanket?A.Tobuildaconnectionwithhispatients.B.Tomeetthebasicneedsofhispatients.C.Tomakehispatientfeelfortable.D.Tomakehispatientslovehim.57. Thepurposeofthatstoryistoshow________.A.thedoctoralsogotablanketforhispatientB.thedoctorbroughtFrenchfriestohispatientsC.thedoctorusuallydidhisroundslateatnightD.thedoctorcaredabouthispatientsandunderstoodthem58. Theauthorthinks________isthebasicforaphysician.A.beingrightinhisoperationsB.orderinghundredsoftestsandtreatmentsC.helpingtosavealifeD.showinghisunderstandingtomeetpatients’needs59. Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.howtobuildaconnectionwithpatientsB.theinsignificanceofcaringaboutpatientsC.thenecessityofcaringaboutpatientsD.howtocareaboutpatients【答案】56.D57.D58.D59.A【导读】作者是一名医生，在工作时经常为需要毛毯的病人取毛毯。尽管其他人也可以做这件事，但作者认为这是自己应该做的。作者认为这是与病人沟通的第一步，表明自己的优先考虑是病人的舒适度，无论是身体上还是情感上的。通过这种简单的行为，作者认为自己可以满足病人的基本需求，并且以自己想要家人受到照顾的方式对待病人。作者在经历过自己成为病人的经历后，更加坚信这种态度的重要性。同时，作者认为这种行为也是对自己的一种提醒和平衡，即使在医生可以下达众多检测和治疗命令的时候，也要关注病人的个体需求，从而做到真正地关爱病人。【解析】56.D【解析】解析根据第二段中"Tomeitisthefirststepinmunicatingtothepersonthatmypriorityishisorherfort,bothphysicalandemotional.”可知,医生提供毯子的原因是与病人进行交流的第一步，故选D。57D【解析】根据第三四段，结合全文，作者引用自身经历来论证外科医生的行为对其作为病人所产生的重要影响，及对其做出类似关怀举动的引导作用，D选项强调患者信任医生的重要性并不是例子主要想体现的内容，故选D。58.D【解析】根据最后一段中“Butintheend,iflhavenotmadethatconnectionwithmypatient,iflhavenotshownthemlunderstandtheirneeds,thenIhavefailedthemasaphysicianandasaperson."可知，作为一个医生，应该从心理上理解和言语上呵护病人，这种照料才是医生应该具备的品质。故选D。59.A【解析】根据文章中“Tomeitisthefirststepinmunicatingtothepersonthatmypriorityishisorherfort,bothphysicalandemotional.”可知作者在强调要发自内心的关心和理解病人，故选A。(B)（2018年上海春季高考）WhyUPSTrucks(Almost)NeverTurnLeftByfavoringrighthandturnsatalltimesunlessaleftisunavoidablethecarriersavesmillionsofgallonsoffueleachyear,andavoidsemissionsequivalenttoover20,000passengercars.Thepracticestarteddecadesago,beforeputersandGPS,andisnowmanagedbysoftwarethatconjuresthemostefficientrouteforeachtruck.What'swrongwithturningleft?Lefthandturnsaregenerallyconsideredunsafeandwastefulonrighthanddrivingroads,suchasthoseintheUS.“Leftturningtraffictypicallyhastoturnagainstaflowofoningvehicles.”explainsTomVanderbilt,authorofthebook“Traffic:Whywedrivethewaywedo."“Thiscannotonlybedangerous,butmakestrafficbuildup.unlessyouinstalladedicatedlefttun‘phase’,whichisfinebutbasicallyadds30or45secondstoeveryoneelse’ssingletime,"hesaid.A\t"://editionn/2017/02/16/world/upstrucksnoleftturns/_blank"studyoncrashfactorsinintersectionrelatedaccidentsfromtheUSNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAssociationshowsthatturningleftisoneoftheleading"criticalprecrashevents"(aneventthatmadeacollisioninevitable),occurringin22.2percentofcrashes,asopposedto1.2percentforrightturns.About61percentofcrashesthatoccurwhileturningorcrossinganintersectioninvolveleftturns,asopposedtojust3.1percentinvolvingrightturns.Leftturnsarealsothreetimesmorelikelytokillpedestriansthanrightones,accordingto\t"://editionn/2017/02/16/world/upstrucksnoleftturns/_blank"datacollectedbyNewYorkCity'stransportationplanners.Therightwaytosavefuel"Alefthandturnisalsolessfuelefficient,"saidJackLevis,UPSSeniorDirectorofProcessManagement,"becauseyourcar'sidlinglonger,whichisalsonotgoodforyourvehicle."UPSdoesnotbanleftturnsoutright,saysLevis:"Wewillmakelefthandturns,butnotonesthatareunnecessary.Wedon'tneedtogoincirclesalldaylongbymakingonlyrighthandturns.Wehavetoolsanalyzethenumberoflefthandturnsforeachroute,andwecanworkoutwhichonesareavoidable."Therule,saysLevis,canalsobeappliedtolefthanddrivingcountries,suchasAustraliaandtheUK,whereitdiscouragesrighthandturnsandtheprocedureisnowincorporatedinmostcountriesaroundtheworld.（）HowmuchresourcescanUPStruckssavebyavoidingturningleft?A.UPStruckswillconsumemillionsofgallonsoffuel.B.TheemissionofUPStrucksisequivalenttothatofover2000passengercars.C.UPStrucksestimatetosave100,000metrictonsofCO2,emissionayear.D.UPStrucksestimateanincreaseof6to8milesperroute.61.InTomVanderbilt'sView,howtoDealwiththeLeftTurnProblemintheUnitedStates?A.Installadedicatedlefttunphase.B.Trafficplannersmanageroadconditions.C.Operatorsmaketheirowntrafficmaps.D.Nationalpolicyencourageslefttumofvehicles.62.WhichofthefollowingoptionsisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.It'sunsafetoturnleftonrighthanddrivingroads.B.Turningleftisresourceefficientonrighthanddrivingroads.C.Leftturningislikelytocausetrafficaccidents.D.Lefttumisdiscouragedinallcountries.【答案】60.C61.A62.D【导读】UPS卡车几乎不左转是为了安全和节能考虑。左转在右侧通行的国家被认为不安全，容易导致交通事故和拥堵。此举使得UPS每年可以节省大量燃料，并减少排放量。该规定在全球范围内得到应用，并适用于左侧通行的国家。【详解】60.C【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中Byfavoringrighthandtumsatalltimesunlessaleftisunavoidablethecarriersavesmillionsofgallonsoffueleachyear,andavoidsemissionsequivalenttoover20,000passengercan“可知A.B两项表述错误，且结合文章图片表述，C项正确，D项错误，故选C。61.A【解折】考查细节理解。根据文章中表述Thiscannotonlybedangerous,butmakestrafficbuildup,unlessyouinstalladedicatedleftturn‘phase’可知，限国姆范德比尔认为解决左转问题需要安装一个专门左转向，故选A。62D【解析】考查细节理解，根据文章中“Therule,saysLevis,canalsobeappliedtolefthanddrivingcountries,suchasAustraliaandtheUK,whereitdiscouragesrighthandturns可知，不是所有国家都不鼓励左转，只是在右侧驾驶的国家而己阐述错误，故选D。(C)（2019年上海春季高考）Everythingaboutnuclearenergyseemsterrificallybig:thecost,constructionanddemissioning—andthefearsofsomethinggoingbadlywrong.Thefuture,howevermaywellbemuchsmaller.Dozensofpaniesareworkingonanewgenerationofreactorsthat,theypromise,candelivernuclearpoweratlowercostandreducedrisk.Thesesmallscaleplantswillonaveragegeneratebetween50MWand300MWofpowerparedwiththe1,000MWplusfromaconventionalreactor.Theywilldrawonmodularmanufacturingtechniquesthatwillreduceconstructionrisk,whichhasplaguedlargerscaleprojects.Supportersbelievetheseadvancedmodularreactors(AMRs)—mostofwhichwillnotbemercialuntilthe2030s—arecriticalifatomicpoweristopeteagainsttherapidlyfallingcostsofsolarandwind.“Thephysicshasn’tchanged.It’saboutmuchclevererdesignthatoffersmuchneededflexibilityintermsofoperation,”saidTimStone,longtermindustryadviserandchairmanofNuclearriskInsurers,whichinsuresnuclearsitesintheUK.SincetheFukushimameltdowninJapanin2011,safetyfearshavethreatenednuclearpower.Butthebiggestobstacletodayiseconomic.InwesternEurope,justthreeplantsareunderconstruction:intheUKatHinkleypointCinSomerset;atFlamanvilleinFrance;andatOlkiluotoinFinland.AllinvolvetheEuropeanPressurizedReactortechnologyofEDFthatwillbeusedatHinkleyPoint.Allarerunningyearslateandoverbudget.IntheUS,thefirsttwonuclearprojectsunderwayforthepast30yearsarealsoblowingthroughcostestimates.TheUK,whichopenedtheworld’sfirstmercialnuclearreactorin1956,isoneofthefewwesternnationsmittedtorenewingitsageingfleettoensureenergysecurityandmeettoughcarbonreductiontargets.Itisseenasaprovingground,bymanyintheindustry,ofnuclearpower’sabilitytorestoreconfidence.However,thecountry’sagreementwithEDFtobuildtwounitsatHinkleyPoint—whichtogetherwillgenerate3.2GWofelectricity—haseunderseverecriticismoveritscost.Thegovernmentislookingatdifferentfundingmodelsbutsaiditstillseesnuclearpowerasvitaltothecountry’sfutureenergymix.Smallreactors,itbelieves,havethepotentialtogeneratemuchneededpowerfromthe2030s