重庆市乌江新高考协作体2023-2024学年高三上学期12月期中英语试题

20232024学年(上)期中学业质量联合调研抽测高三英语试题(分数：120分，时间：100分钟)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题：每小题分，满分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASTEMSummerProgramsforHighSchoolStudentsSTEMisatermthatstandsforscience,technology,engineering,andmathematics.HereisalistofsomeofthebestSTEMsummercampsforhighschoolstudents.FutureMattersProgramItisan8weekpaidsummerresearchexperienceforhighschoolstudents.Thisisahandsonprogramforstudentsinterestedingoingafteracareerinmedicalresearch.Studentswillattendseminarsledbythefacultyandparticipateindiscussionswithpeers.SimonsSummerResearchItisasevenweekprogramlocatedatStonyBrookUniversity.Studentswillhavetheopportunitytoparticipateinspecialworkshops,toursandeventsfreeofcharge.Theywillconcludetheprogramproducingawrittenresearchabstractandaresearchposter.ResearchScienceInstituteItisthefirstcostfreesummerprogramofitskind.Duringthissixweekprogram,studentswilldivedeeperintotheworldofscienceandengineeringbyexperiencingtheentireresearchcycle.Inthisprogramstudentswillattendclassesconductedbyfamousprofessorsandpreparewrittenandoralpresentationstopresenttheirresearch.PrograminMathforYoungScientistsThisisasixweekintensivemathematicsprogramdesignedforstudentsacrosstheglobe.Unlikemonprograms,itoffersagreatdealofindependenceforstudentstochoosetheirownschedulesanddecidewhattheywanttostudy.Besideslearning,thereisalso“mandatory(强制的)funtime”builtintotheweeklyschedulesothatstudentsareabletohavenonmathrelatedactivities.1.Whichprogrambestsuitsstudentswhowanttobedoctors?A.FutureMattersProgram. B.SimonsSummerResearch.C.ResearchScienceInstitute. D.PrograminMathforYoungScientists.2.WhatdoSimonsSummerResearchandResearchScienceInstitutehaveinmon?A.Thetopic. B.Theexpense. C.Theduration. D.Thecontent.3.What’sspecialinPrograminMathforYoungScientists?A.Cultivatingindependentskills. B.Attendingnonmathactivities.C.Tailoringpersonalschedules. D.Enrollinginternationalstudents.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些适合高中生的STEM夏令营。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据FutureMattersProgram部分中“Thisisahandsonprogramforstudentsinterestedingoingafteracareerinmedicalresearch.(这是一个为有兴趣从事医学研究的学生提供的实践性项目)”可知，该项目适合想要成为医生的学生。故选A。【2题详解】理解理解题。根据SimonsSummerResearch部分中“Studentswillhavetheopportunitytoparticipateinspecialworkshops,toursandeventsfreeofcharge.(学生将有机会免费参加特别的研讨会、参观和活动)”和ResearchScienceInstitute部分中“Itisthefirstcostfreesummerprogramofitskind.(这是首个此类免费暑期课程)”可知，这两个项目的共同点是都免费。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据PrograminMathforYoungScientists部分中“Unlikemonprograms,itoffersagreatdealofindependenceforstudentstochoosetheirownschedulesanddecidewhattheywanttostudy.(与普通课程不同的是，它为学生提供了很大的独立性，可以选择自己的时间表并决定他们想学什么)”可知，该项目的特殊之处在于它允许定制个人的时间表。故选C。BAsthesayinggoes,“Giveamanafish,andyoufeedhimforaday.Teachamantofish,andyoufeedhimforalifetime.”ThisisthewaythecharityorganizationHeiferInternational(国际小母牛慈善组织)wantstoendworldhunger.Itbeganinthe1930swhenanAmericanfarmer,DanWest,wenttoSpaintohelppeopleinneed.Hetriedtofeedthepeoplewithmilk.Butitseemedthattherewouldneverbeenoughmilk.Itmadehimthinkthatwhattheyneededwas“notacup,butacow”.DanWestreturnedtoAmerica.Heworkedtogetherwithsomefriendstofindwaystoendhunger.Hebelievedgivinganimalsandprovidingtrainingwouldstopworldhunger.Withhishelp,HeiferInternationalwassetup.OnHeiferInternational’swebsite,youwillseealistofanimalslikecows,chickens,pigsandevenfishandbees.Youcanofferhelpbybuyingsomeanimalsforonecertainfamily.Thoseanimalswillhavebabies.Withmoreandmoreanimals,thesefamilieswillbeabletosupportthemselves.Oncethesefamiliesgetbetterlives,theywillpassontheactofkindnesstoothers.Moreimportantly,youarebuyingtheresources(资源)forprogramsrunbyHeiferInternationaltohelpmorefamilies.Theprogramsalsohelpsmallsizedfarms.Asarule,eachfarmermustgivehisanimal’sfirstfemale(雄性)babytoanotherinneed.HeiferInternationalalsoprovidestrainingonanimalshealthandfeeding.Andthesefarmersallagreetoteachotherswhattheyhavelearnedasanotherrule.However,thereisstillalongwaytogo.Themilkmayrunout.Butiffamilieshavetheirowncows,theycangetplentyofmilktofeedthemselves.Theorganizationwantsthefarmerstogoonworkingtogether,helpingeachotherandlearningfromeachother.Maybehungercanreallybestopped.4.Accordingtothepassage,weknowthatDanWest_________.AsetupateaminSpain B.helpedpeoplewithenoughfishC.wasaSpanishfarmer D.helpedsetupHeiferInternational5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaboutthecharityorganizationHeiferInternational?A.HeiferInternationalmakesalistofanimalsonitswebsite.B.Farmersintheprogrammustteachothershowtofeedanimals.C.Farmersintheprogrammustgivealltheanimals’babiestoothers.D.HeiferIntermationalprovidestrainingonanimals'healthandfeeding.6.Ifweputthepassageintofourparts,whichofthefollowingisthebest?（①=Para.1②=Para.2③=Para.3④=Para.4⑤=Para.5⑥）A.①；②③；④⑤；⑥ B.①；②③；④；⑤⑥ C.①②；③；④⑤；⑥ D.①②③；④；⑤；⑥7.Thebesttitleofthispassagemaybe“________”A.AdviceonFeedingCows B.ACowInsteadofaCupC.TheCharityOrganizations D.AnAmericanFarmer【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。国际小母牛慈善机构帮助人们减少饥饿，它用自身行动践行了“授人以鱼不如授人以渔”的道理。文章主要介绍了国际小母牛慈善机构的成立以及运营情况。【4题详解】细节理解题。通读第三段，尤其是最后一句话“Withhishelp,HeiferInternationalwassetup.(在他的帮助下，国际小母牛组织成立了)”可知，DanWest帮助建立了国际小母牛组织，故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Asarule,eachfarmermustgivehisanimal’sfirstfemale(雄性)babytoanotherinneed.(一般来说，每个农民主必须把他饲养的动物的第一个雌性幼崽交给另一个需要帮助的人。)”可知，参与这个组织的农民必须把他饲养的动物的第一个雌性幼崽给其他需要的人，而不是把所有的幼崽都给其他人，故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段引出了国际小母牛慈善机构；第二段和第三段讲述了国际小母牛慈善机构的建立；第四段和第五段讲述了国际小母牛慈善机构的运营情况；最后一段主要讲述了国际小母牛慈善机构希望农民们继续一起工作，互相帮助，互相学习，这样或许能结束饥饿。故选A。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段第一段中“Asthesayinggoes,“Giveamanafish,andyoufeedhimforaday.Teachamantofish,andyoufeedhimforalifetime.”hisisthewaythecharityorganizationHeiferInternational(国际小母牛慈善组织)wantstoendworldhunger.(俗话说：“给人一条鱼，就给他一天的食物。教会一个人钓鱼，就能养活他一辈子。”这就是慈善组织国际小母牛组织想要结束世界饥饿的方式。)”和第二段中“Itmadehimthinkthatwhattheyneededwas“notacup,butacow”.(这让他觉得他们需要的“不是一个杯子，而是一头牛”)”可知，文章主要介绍了国际小母牛慈善机构帮助人们减少饥饿，它用自身行动践行了“授人以鱼不如授人以渔”的道理。B项“一头牛，而不是一杯牛奶”体现了“授人以鱼不如授人以渔”的道理，能概括该慈善机构的践行。故选B。CColinChapman,thefounderofLotusCars,wasonceofmotorracing’smostinfluentialengineers.Between1962and1978LotuswonsevenFormulaOneconstructorschampionships.Hesummeduphisphilosophyas“simplify,thenaddlightness”.Itappearstobeanunmoninsight.ApaperpublishedinNaturesuggeststhathumansstrugglewithsubtractive(减法的)thinking.Whenaskedtoimprovesomething,theytendtosuggestaddingnewthingsratherthanremovingwhatisalreadythere,evenwhenadditionsleadtosubpar(低于标准的)results.Theresearchwasmotivatedbyeverydayobservationratherthanpsychologicaltheory,saysGabrielleAdams,thepaper’sfirstauthor,whocitesfolkwisdomsuchas“lessismore”and“keepitsimple”.Perhapstheneedforsuchreminderswasevidenceofablindspotinpeople’sthinking?AlongwithcolleaguesattheUniversityofVirginia,Dr.Adamsconductedaseriesofobservationalstudies.Inone,whenparticipantswereaskedtoalteranessaytheyhadwritten,16%cutwordswhile80%addedthem.Othersgavesimilarresults.Of827suggestionsreceivedbythenewbossofanAmericanuniversityforhowtheinstitutioncouldbeimproved,581involvedaddingnewthingsandjust70suggestedremovingsomething.Havingestablishedthatadditiondoesindeedseemtobemorepopularthansubtraction,thenextstepwastoworkoutwhy.Onepossibilitywasthatpeoplewereconsideringsubtractiveoptions,butdeliberatelychoosingnottopursuethem.Anotherwasthattheywerenoteventhinkingoftheminthefirstplace.Let’senteranewsetofexperiments.Oneexperimentaskedparticipantstoredesignalopsided(不平衡的)Legostructuresothatitcouldsupportahousebrick.Participantscouldearnadollarforfixingtheproblem,buteachpieceofLegotheyaddedcutthatrewardbytencents.Eventhen,only41%workedoutthatsimplifyingthestructurebyremovingasingleblock,ratherthanstrengtheningitbyaddingmore,whichwasthewaytomaximisethepayout.Anotherexample,askingpeopletomakeagolfcourseworseratherthanbetterdidnotchangetheirpreferenceforadditions,whichsuggestedthatmanyweresimplynotthinkingofthepossibility,atleastatfirst.Whatallthisamountsto,saysBenjaminConverse,anotherofthestudy’sauthors,isevidenceforanewentryinthelistof“cognitivebiases”thatskew(歪曲)howhumansthink.Insteadofthinkingaproblemthroughandingupwithanidealsolution,theytendtousecognitiveshortcutsthatarefastandmostly“goodenough”intheirmind.Suchresearchhasinspiredanentirefielddedicatedtoworkingoutwhensuchshortcutsleadpeopleastray(迷失).Dr.Adamsandhercolleagues,meanwhile,arekeentoinvestigatetheirresultthoroughly.Onequestioniswhetherthepreferenceforadditionisinbornorlearned.8.WhydoestheauthormentionthestoryofColinChapman?A.Toprovideevidence.B.Tohighlighttheexperience.C.Topresentbackgroundinformation.D.Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.9.Whichofthefollowingiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?A.PeoplepreferadditionstosubtractionsinmostsituationsB.Thephilosophy“lessismore”iswellreceivedforlong.C.Strengtheningthestructureisthewaytomaximizethepayout.D.Peopletendtouseshortcutsandeupwithidealsolutions.10.Whatdoesthestudypropose?A.Awaythatpeopleautomaticallythink.B.Afactthatpeopleroutinelyforget.C.Aviewthatshortcutsaregoodenough.D.Apointthatadditionisalwaysbetter.11.WhatareDr.Adamsandhiscolleagueslikelytostudynext?A.Thebenefitsofsubtractionsforpeople.B.Thewaysofchanginghowpeoplethink.C.Thedetailsofthepreferenceforaddition.D.Theinfluenceofcognitivebiasesonpeople.【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文通过研究表明人们存在喜欢用加法这一思维偏见，并分析了其后的原因。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Hesummeduphisphilosophyas‘simplify,thenaddlightness’.(他把自己的哲学总结为‘简化，然后增加轻松’。)”可知，Colin在谈到自己的成功时强调了简化的重要性，接着下文“Itappearstobeanunmoninsight.ApaperpublishedinNaturesuggeststhathumansstrugglewithsubtractive(减法的)thinking.Whenaskedtoimprovesomething,theytendtosuggestaddingnewthingsratherthanremovingwhatisalreadythere,evenwhenadditionsleadtosubpar(低于标准的)results.(这似乎是一个不寻常的见解。《自然》杂志上发表的一篇论文表明，人类正在与减法思维作斗争。当被要求改进某些东西时，他们倾向于建议添加新东西，而不是删除已有的东西，即使添加会导致不理想的结果。)”可知，Colin所提出的观点与本文要谈论的主题一致，所以本文讲述他的故事是为了引出主题。故选D。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Havingestablishedthatadditiondoesindeedseemtobemorepopularthansubtraction,thenextstepwastoworkoutwhy.(在确定了加法似乎确实比减法更受欢迎之后，下一步就是找出原因。)”可推知，人们在大多数情况下都更偏向于加法，而不是减法。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Theresearchwasmotivatedbyeverydayobservationratherthanpsychologicaltheory,saysGabrielleAdams,thepaper’sfirstauthor,whocitesfolkwisdomsuchas‘lessismore’and‘keepitsimple’.(该研究的第一作者GabrielleAdams说，这项研究是由日常观察而非心理理论推动的，他引用了民间智慧，比如‘少即是多’和‘保持简单’。)”和第四段“Havingestablishedthatadditiondoesindeedseemtobemorepopularthansubtraction,thenextstepwastoworkoutwhy.Onepossibilitywasthatpeoplewereconsideringsubtractiveoptions,butdeliberatelychoosingnottopursuethem.Anotherwasthattheywerenoteventhinkingoftheminthefirstplace.(在确定加法似乎确实比减法更受欢迎之后，下一步就是找出原因。一种可能性是，人们正在考虑减法选项，但故意选择不追求它们。另一个原因是，他们一开始甚至没有想到它们。)”并结合全文可知，“少即是多”和“保持简单”这种民间智慧正是减法思维的体现，而研究表明人们存在偏向做加法而不是减法这一思维偏见，这有两种原因，一是故意这么做，二是想不到。由此可推测出，“少即是多”和“保持简单”的民间智慧总是会被人们忽略，这项研究主要提出了人们平时会忘记的事实，即减法有时更能达到效果。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Onequestioniswhetherthepreferenceforadditionisinbornorlearned.(一个问题是，对加法的偏好是天生的还是后天习得的。)”可知，Adams博士接下来要研究人们对加法的偏好是天生的还是后天习得的，由此可推测出，接下来他和他的同事很可能会研究人们偏好加法的一些细节。故选C。DWhohasnoregretsaboutthingsdoneinthepast?Wouldn’titbeniceif,somehow,wecouldgobacktochangeacoupleofbaddecisions?Thissoundslikesciencefiction.Thelawsofphysicsprohibittravelingbackintimeformanyreasons.Ifwedidtravelbackintimeandchangedthecourseofevents,wewouldbealteringthecourseofhistory.Anexampleoftencitedisthegrandfather’sparadox(悖论):Ifyourgrandfatherdiedwhenhewasstillahighschoolstudent,hewouldn’thavemetyourgrandmotherandyourfatherandyouwouldn’texist.Puttinghumansorconsciousnesstravelingbackintimeasideforthemoment,isthereanythinginscienceevensimilar?Surprisingly,yes.Atthelevelofquantumparticles(量子粒子),thereissomethingcalledWheeler’sdelayedchoiceexperimentsthatshowthatactionsinthepresentcaninfluencethepast.Theexperimentsusesomethingcalledthewaveparticleduality(波粒二象性)oflightandofmatter.Thefactthatthephysicalnatureofquantumobjectsisundetermineduntilitismeasured.Inotherwords,thismeansthataparticleoflightorofmattercanbehaveeitherasawave(spreadingoutinspace)orasaparticle(stayingtogether)dependingonthemeasuringdevices.Longandongoingdiscussionsaboutthenatureofquantumphysicsarestilltryingtoworkoutwhatthisactuallymeans.Doourmindsdeterminethenatureofphysicalreality?Shouldweofferfoodforthoughtforthefutureorthepast?Unfortunately,theseexperimentssayverylittleabouthowwecouldinterferewiththepastineventsrelevanttothehumanscale.Bettertothinkcarefullyaboutdecisionsthantotrytofixthembackwards.12.What’sthepurposeofmentioningtheparadox?A.Toshowitisinteresting.B.ToexplainWheeler’stests.C.Todemonstratetimeisdifferentfromwhatwehaveknown.D.Toshowit’simpossibletotravelbackintime.13.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3?A.Consciousnesstravelingbackintimewastriedintheexperiments.B.Differentmeasuringdeviceshavethesameresult.C.Moreresearchisneededinthefuture.D.Theseexperimentscandeterminethenatureofmatter.14.Whichcanbestsummarizethelastparagraph?A.Weshouldfocusonthepresent.B.Thefuturefoodismorenutritious.C.Wecanchangethepastfromtheexperiments.D.Itisnevertoolatetomakeupformistakes.15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Ischangingthepastwise?B.Canwechangethepast?C.Doourmindsdeterminethefuture?D.Dothelawsofphysicsbantravelingback?【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了物理定律禁止时光倒流，作者认为，我们不要试图回到过去，应该活在当下，仔细思考决策。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Thelawsofphysicsprohibittravelingbackintimeformanyreasons.Ifwedidtravelbackintimeandchangedthecourseofevents,wewouldbealteringthecourseofhistory.Anexampleoftencitedisthegrandfather’sparadox:Ifyourgrandfatherdiedwhenhewasstillahighschoolstudent,hewouldn’thavemetyourgrandmotherandyourfatherandyouwouldn’texist.(由于许多原因，物理定律禁止时光倒流。如果我们真的回到过去，改变事件的进程，我们将改变历史的进程。一个经常被引用的例子是祖父的悖论：如果你的祖父在还是高中生的时候去世了，他就不会遇到你的祖母和父亲，你就不存在了)”可知，作者提到悖论的目的是为了证明时光倒流是不可能的。故选D。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Longandongoingdiscussionsaboutthenatureofquantumphysicsarestilltryingtoworkoutwhatthisactuallymeans.Doourmindsdeterminethenatureofphysicalreality?(关于量子物理学本质的长期和持续的讨论仍在试图弄清楚这到底意味着什么。我们的思想决定了物质现实的本质吗？)”可推知，关于量子物理学本质的讨论仍在继续，即未来还需要更多的研究。故选C。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Unfortunately,theseexperimentssayverylittleabouthowwecouldinterferewiththepastineventsrelevanttothehumanscale.Bettertothinkcarefullyaboutdecisionsthantotrytofixthembackwards.(不幸的是，这些实验几乎没有说明我们如何在与人类规模相关的事件中干扰过去。与其试图倒退，不如仔细思考决策)”可知，最后一段主要介绍了人们应该活在当下，仔细思考决策，即我们应该着眼于现在。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whohasnoregretsaboutthingsdoneinthepast?Wouldn’titbeniceif,somehow,wecouldgobacktochangeacoupleofbaddecisions?Thissoundslikesciencefiction.(谁对过去所做的事情从来不后悔？如果我们能以某种方式回去改变几个糟糕的决定，那不是很好吗？这听起来像科幻小说)”以及最后一段“Bettertothinkcarefullyaboutdecisionsthantotrytofixthembackwards.(与其试图倒退，不如仔细思考决策)”可知，作者提出问题，人们是否能改变过去？就此展开阐述，介绍作者的观点，人们不要试图回到过去，应该活在当下，仔细思考决策，所以“我们能改变过去吗？”适合作为文章标题。故选B。第二节(共5小题：每小题分，满分分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whenwewalkthe“pathoflife”,sociallifeisveryimportant.Moreoftenthannot,closefriendshipscanhelpussmoothoutthesometimesrockyroadthatwearemeanttotravel.____16____:theymayforttheheart,advisetheheadandhelpusachievethegoalswesetforourselves.Throughfriendship,wecanbeehappier,wiserandmoresatisfiedhumans.Thefirstfruitisthattheycanforttheheart,becausethepeaceesfromhavingsomeonewithwhomweshareourjoy,sadness,successandfailure.Here,friendshiphasadoubleadvantagehappinesstakesonagreatermeaningandatroublesharedbeesatroublehalved!Naturally,thiskindofopennessresultsfromaclosefriendship.Withtruefriends,wefeelfreetoshareourjoyandsadnessinfullmeasure.Weknowthatourfriendswillbothrespectourfeelingsandtreasurethesemomentsofcloseness.____17____Thesecondoneis____18____Weoftenfinditeasiertorecognizeotherpeople’sweaknessesthanourown.Asaresult,ifweareguidedonlybyourownfeelings,ourjudgementsmightbeonesided.Ontheotherhand,ourfriendsarebetterabletoofferadviceonimportantdecisionsthatweallhavetomake.Also,whenwewanttotalkourproblemsoverwithafriend,wehavetoputourthoughtsintowordsfirst.Thisalonehelpsmakeourthoughtsclearerandbringsusamorethoroughunderstandingofourproblems.Thethirdoneisthattheycanhelpusachievethegoalswesetforourselves____19____Sometimesafriendisevenknownasour“secondself”.Therearesomanythingsinlifethatcanonlybeachievedwiththehelpoffriends.Friendsmayhavemanydifferentideasandskills.Theycanhelpusachievewhatwewantduringlifeand,perhaps,evenafterdeath.Finally,itshouldbepointedoutthatenjoyingthepanyofacrowdisnotthesameasbeingwithfriends.Ifwewanttobetterwalkthe“pathoflife”withthefort,adviceandhelpfromourtrustedfriends,____20____A.However,whenweseektobealone,wemustbecarefulthatwedonotalwaysescapeintoourownworld.B.becausefriendsmayofferhelpinmanydifferentways.C.Ingeneral,closefriendshipshavethreemain“fruits”.D.weshouldchoosefriendsanddeveloprelationshipscarefully.E.Indeed,thehumanheartdependsonsuchopportunitiesforfortandprotection.F.thattheycanadvisetheheadbecausewemayhavebetterunderstandingandjudgementthatareachievedthroughconversationswithwellmeaningandwisefriends.G.quietperiodsofreflectioncanleadtopersonalimprovement.【答案】16.C17.E18.F19.B20.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了友谊给人们带来的三个好处。【16题详解】根据下文“theymayforttheheart,advisetheheadandhelpusachievethegoalswesetforourselves.(它们可以安慰我们的心，建议我们的头脑，帮助我们实现我们为自己设定的目标。)”可知，空处提出友谊带来三个好处，即安慰我们的心，建议我们的头脑，帮助我们实现目标。C项中的“threemain“fruits””与下文的“forttheheart,advisetheheadandhelpusachievethegoals”对应。C项：Ingeneral,closefriendshipshavethreemain“fruits”.(一般来说，亲密的友谊有三个主要的“果实”。)符合语境。故选C。【17题详解】根据上文“Thefirstfruitisthattheycanforttheheart,becausethepeaceesfromhavingsomeonewithwhomweshareourjoy,sadness,successandfailure.(第一个果实是，它们可以安慰心灵，因为平静来自于有人与我们分享我们的喜悦，悲伤，成功和失败。)”可知，友谊安慰心灵，从而使人类的心脏得到舒适和保护。E项：Indeed,thehumanheartdependsonsuchopportunitiesforfortandprotection.(的确，人类的心脏依赖于这样的机会来获得舒适和保护。)符合语境。故选E。【18题详解】根据上文“theymayforttheheart,advisetheheadandhelpusachievethegoalswesetforourselves.(它们可以安慰我们的心，建议我们的头脑，帮助我们实现我们为自己设定的目标。)”可知，此处对应友谊带来的第二个果实，即“advisethehead”，F项中的“thattheycanadvisethehead”与上文对应。F项：thattheycanadvisetheheadbecausewemayhavebetterunderstandingandjudgementthatareachievedthroughconversationswithwellmeaningandwisefriends.(他们可以给头脑提建议，因为通过与善意和明智的朋友交谈，我们可能会有更好的理解和判断。)符合语境。故选F。【19题详解】根据下文“Sometimesafriendisevenknownasour“secondself”.Therearesomanythingsinlifethatcanonlybeachievedwiththehelpoffriends.Friendsmayhavemanydifferentideasandskills.(有时朋友甚至被称为我们的“第二个自我”。生活中有很多事情只有在朋友的帮助下才能完成。朋友们可能有很多不同的想法和技能。)”可知，空处和上文形成因果关系，解释友谊可以帮助实现我们为自己设定的目标的原因。B项：becausefriendsmayofferhelpinmanydifferentways.(因为朋友可以以许多不同的方式提供帮助。)符合语境。故选B。【20题详解】根据上文“Finally,itshouldbepointedoutthatenjoyingthepanyofacrowdisnotthesameasbeingwithfriends.(最后，应该指出的是，享受人群的陪伴和和朋友在一起是不一样的。)”可知，文章最后提示我们选择朋友和发展人际关系要谨慎。D项：weshouldchoosefriendsanddeveloprelationshipscarefully.(我们应该谨慎地选择朋友和发展人际关系。)符合语境。故选D。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。BeforeIstartedhighschoolmyparentsgavemethegreatestgiftanyteenageboycouldaskfor:acellphone.I___21___thatphoneallsummer.Tome,beingconnectedwasmoreimportantthanbeingpresent.So,youcanimaginemy___22___whenIlearnedwhatmydadhad___23___formyfamilyvacationthatyear.“Thisyear,”mydadsaid,“Wearegoingcamping!”Hisexcitementwasmetwithadisappointingsigh（叹气）.___24___,hewasn’tupset.Theviewsduringthetripwereamazing,butnoneofthosematteredtome.Mymindwasonmyphone.IrememberedthefirsttimeIlookedupwasforsomethingshocking—myphonehadnoservice.Mydadsaidthatitwouldbe___25___untilwereturnedhome.Iwouldbe___26___intheforestforfourdayswithnowaytocontacttheoutsideworld.Iwenttobedangrythatnight.Butsomething___27___whenIawokeinthemorning.___28___immediatelyburyingmyheadinmyphone,I___29___somethingelse:mysurroundings.AsmydadandIwalkedthetrails（小路），Ifelttheweightoftonsofstressoffmyshoulders.Irealizedbeing___30___tonaturemademefocusmoreonmyself.Iletmymindspeaktomeandlistenedtomyfeelings.IhadbeensofocusedonstayingconnectedthatIhadn’tbeenhearingmyown___31___.Thatwas15yearsago,andIcarrythat___32___tothisday.WhenIreceivedmyfirstworkemail.I___33___thereasonwhymydadchoseacampsitewithnoaccesstotechnology.Inaworldthatasksformoreconnectivity,theneedtocheckupyourcellphonebeesstronger.Havingmyowntimeisnearly___34___whenIcanbe___35___atanytimeofdayornight.So,Ineedtoworkharder.WheneverIfeelmyinnerselfisslippingaway,Ifollowmydad’sguidance.Ipackupthetentanddriveuntilmyphoneshowsthosetwomagicwords:“noservice”.21.A.wishedfor B.appliedfor C.livedon D.learnedfrom22.A.impression B.displeasure C.impoliteness D.embarrassment23.A.revised B.rented C.mistaken D.planned24.A.However B.Besides C.Therefore D.Otherwise25.A.mobile B.private C.missing D.useless26.A.trapped B.punished C.trained D.attended27.A.appeared B.ended C.changed D.formed28.A.Becauseof B.Apartfrom C.Alongwith D.Insteadof29.A.cleanedup B.focusedon C.contributedto D.showedoff30.A.close B.blind C.similar D.new31.A.contacts B.parents C.thoughts D.sighs32.A.dream B.lesson C.stressor D.trial33.A.understood B.wondered C.recorded D.preferred34.A.painful B.impossible C.unreasonable D.obvious35.A.appreciated B.convinced C.recognized D.connected【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.A25.D26.A27.C28.D29.B30.A31.C32.B33.A34.B35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述作者上高中之前一直沉迷于，于是作者的父亲选择了一个没有信号的地方去度假，让儿子亲近大自然，作者通过那次旅程改变了自己并一直记得父亲的教导。【21题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在我上高中以前，我父母给了我所有青少年想要的最好的礼物：一部，我整个夏天都在用那个。A.wishedfor希望；B.appliedfor申请；C.livedon靠……过活，继续存在；D.learnedfrom从……中学习。根据下文“Tome,beingconnectedwasmoreimportantthanbeingpresent.(对于我来说，保持联系比在场更重要)”可知，作者一整个夏天都在使用那部。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，你可以想象出那年当我知道我爸爸制定的假期计划时我的不开心。A.impression印象；B.displeasure不开心；C.impoliteness不礼貌；D.embarrassment尴尬。根据下文“Hisexcitementwasmetwithadisappointingsigh(叹气).(他的兴奋遭遇到了一声令人失望的叹息)”可知，作者是不开心的。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，你可以想象出那年当我知道我爸爸制定的假期计划时我的不开心。A.revised修改；B.rented租赁；C.mistaken搞错，误认为；D.planned计划。根据下文“‘Thisyear,’mydadsaid,‘Wearegoingcamping!’(“今年，”我爸爸说，“我们要去野营”)”可知，这是爸爸的假期计划。故选D。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，他并没有失望。A.However然而；B.Besides此外；C.Therefore因此；D.Otherwise否则。根据上文“Hisexcitementwasmetwithadisappointingsigh(叹气).(他的兴奋遭遇到了一声令人失望的叹息)”以及空格后“hewasn’tupset”可知，此处与前句形成转折。故选A。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我爸爸说直到我们回家才能用。A.mobile移动的；B.private私人的；C.missing消失的；D.useless没有用的。根据上文可知，没有信号，所以是不能用的。故选D。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我将会困在这个森林里四天而没有办法联系到外面的世界。A.trapped困住，绊住；B.punished惩罚；C.trained培训；D.attended参加。根据后半句可知，作者没有信号没有办法联系到外面的世界，作者认为这四天是要被困在这里了。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当我早上醒来时有些事情改变了。A.appeared出现；B.ended结束；C.changed改变；D.formed形成。根据下文“.___8___immediatelyburyingmyheadinmyphone,I___9___somethingelse:mysurroundings.AsmydadandIwalkedthetrails(小路),Ifelttheweightoftonsofstressoffmyshoulders.(而不是立刻把头埋在里，我开始关注别的事情：周围的环境。当我和爸爸走在小路上时，我感觉到肩上的压力消失)”可知，这里指有些事情发生了变化。故选C。【28题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：而不是立刻把头埋在里，我开始关注别的事情：周围的环境。A.Becauseof因为；B.Apartfrom除了；C.Alongwith和……一起；D.Insteadof而不是。根据后半句可知，作者开始关注周围的环境而不是看。故选D。【29题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：而不是立刻把头埋在里，我开始关注别的事情：周围的环境。A.cleanedup清理；B.focusedon关注；C.contributedto促成；D.showedoff炫耀。根据上下句可知，作者不再看埋头而是开始关注周围的环境。故选B。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我意识到亲近大自然让我更多的关注我自己。A.close接近的；B.blind瞎的；C.similar相似的；D.new新的。根据上文“AsmydadandIwalkedthetrails(小路),Ifelttheweightoftonsofstressoffmyshoulders.(当我和爸爸走在小路上时，我感觉到肩上的压力消失)”可知，这里指作者开始亲近大自然。becloseto…表示“亲近，接近……”。故选A。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我之前一直太关注于保持联系以至于我没能听到我自己内心的想法。A.contacts联系；B.parents父母；C.thoughts想法；D.sighs叹息。根据上文“Iletmymindspeaktomeandlistenedtomyfeelings.(我让我的思想和我说话，倾听我的感受)”可知，这里是作者自己内心的想法。故选C。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是15年前的事了，直到今天我还记得这个教训。A.dream梦想；B.lesson教训；C.stressor产生压力的事情；D.trial实验，审讯。根据上下文可知，这是作者从中吸取的教训。故选B。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我收到第一份工作邮件时，我明白了我爸爸为什么选择一个没有科技设备的营地。A.understood明白；B.wondered好奇；C.recorded记录；D.preferred更喜欢。根据上下文可知，此时作者明白了爸爸的良苦用心。故选A。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不管白天还是晚上，我都可以被联系到，所以我几乎不可能有自己的时间。A.painful痛苦的；B.impossible不可能的；C.unreasonable不合理的；D.obvious明显的。根据上文“Inaworldthatasksformoreconnectivity,theneedtocheckupyourcellphonebeesstronger.(在这样一个需要更多联系的世界里，把放在一边的需求越来越强烈)”可知，在这样一个需要更多联系的世界，随时随地都会被联系到，所以不可能有自己的时间。故选B。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管白天还是晚上，我都可以被联系到，所以我几乎不可能有自己的时间。A.appreciated欣赏，感激；B.convinced使信服；C.recognized意识到，辨认出；D.connected联系。根据上文“Inawo