选择性必修① UNIT 5 课下主题训练 人与环境、人与动植物

PAGE第6页共6页选择性必修①UNIT5课下主题训练人与环境、人与动植物Ⅰ.阅读理解Thinkplantsarejustbringgreenthingsthatyouuseforfoodanddecoration？Thinkagain!Plantsareabletodosomeprettyawesomethingsthatyou'reprobablytotallyunawareof.Researchershavediscoveredthatplantshavetheabilitytocommunicatewithanundergroundnetworkmadeupoffungi(真菌),whichservetheplantsinmanyways.Tomatoplantsusethefunguswebtowarneachotheroftheirownunhealthyconditions.Treesconnectedthroughthefungusnetworkcouldmovenutrients(养分)toandfromeachother.Itisbelievedthatlargertreesmovenutrientstosmalleronestohelpthemtosurvive.Notonlythat,buttheycanalsodamageunwelcomeplantsbyspreadingpoisonouschemicalsthroughthefungi.ItsoundsliketheplantworldhadtheInternetbeforewedid.Someplantshavearatherimpressivelineofdefenseagainstbeingeaten.Whensensingtheyarebeingswallowed,theygiveoffachemicalintotheairthatattractstheinsect'snaturalenemy.Theenemyattacksthebug,thussavingtheplants.Thisisbasicallytheplantkingdomversionofgettingyour_older_brothertobeatupthatkidwhostealsyourlunchmoney.Youmightbeawarethathumansandanimalshaveaninternalclock.Butdidyouknowthatplantsalsohavethisclock?Thismeanstheycanprepareforcertaintimesofdayjustlikewedo.Isitbecausetheycanreacttolightatsunrise?Inastudy,scientistsfoundthatplantsusethesugarstheyproducetokeeptime,whichhelptoregulatethegenesresponsiblefortheplant'sowninternalclock.So,inasense,wakeupwithpetunias(矮牵牛)isjustasvalidaswakingupwiththechickens.Natureisfullofsurprises.Soforthoseofyouwhodidn'tknowthewondersofplants,nowyoudo.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。植物只能用来做成食物和装饰吗？其实，植物有很多人类未发现的本领：它们拥有一个以真菌为媒介的地下“网络”，以此来互通消息，抵御昆虫袭击，它们还拥有自己的生物钟。1．Howmanywaysdoesthenetworkoffungiservetheplants?A．Two. B．Three.C．Four. D．Five.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段及第三段中的介绍可知，真菌“网”可以帮助番茄植株发出自身处于不健康状况的警告信息、帮助树木互相传送营养物质以及通过真菌传播有害化学物质，从而破坏不受欢迎的植物，因此真菌“网”对植物共有三种作用。2．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“yourolderbrother”inParagraph4referto?A．Thechemicalgivenoffbyplants.B．Theinsect'snaturalenemy.C．Thebugattackedbytheenemy.D．Theplanttobeeatenbytheinsect.解析：选B词义猜测题。第四段介绍植物防止自己被吃掉的方法：当植物感觉到要被吃掉时，它们会释放一种化学物质到空气中，以此吸引昆虫的天敌来攻击昆虫，从而间接救了植物。这种现象就好像植物界版本的“大哥代替你教训偷你午餐费的小孩”一样。这句话中把植物比喻成“你”，把昆虫比喻成“偷午餐费的小孩”，因此，yourolderbrother在这里应指“昆虫的天敌”。3．Whatcanhelptheplantkeeptime?A．Thesugarsproducedbyitself.B．Itsowngenes.C．Thetimeofsunrise.D．Itsresponsetolight.解析：选A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的倒数第二句“Inastudy,scientistsfoundthatplantsusethesugarstheyproducetokeeptime,whichhelptoregulatethegenesresponsiblefortheplant'sowninternalclock.”可知，植物可以利用自身产生的糖分来区分时间，这些糖分有助于调节作用于植物自身生物钟的基因。4．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toshowhisloveofdifferentplants.B．Tosharehisstudyonsomeawesomeplants.C．Tointroducetheunknownabilitiesofplants.D．Tomakepeopleawareofplantprotection.解析：选C写作意图题。根据第一段最后一句“Plantsareabletodosomeprettyawesomethingsthatyou'reprobablytotallyunawareof.”可知，文章开头指出植物有很多人类没有发现的本领，下文逐步展开，对此进行详细介绍。因此，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍植物不为人知的能力。Ⅱ.阅读七选五HowtoGrowOrganicPotatoesinContainersAhomegrownpotatothathasjustbeendugoutofthesoilisanamazingtreat.Liketomatoes,thetasteoffreshpotatoesisdifferentfromthatofthoseboughtinthestore.Bygrowingyourown,youalsohavetheopportunitytoplantunusualvarieties.__1__.Preparepotatoesforgrowing.Cutthepotatoesbeforeplanting.Ifyourpotatoesaresmall,youcansimplyplantthem.Whenyoucutyourpotatoes,makesureyouhaveatleasttwoeyesoneachpiece.__2__.Mostofushavenoideahowheavy50gramsisandthere'snoneedtoweighit,justuseyourbestguess.Wateryournewlyplantedpotatoeswell.Checkthecontaineratleastonceaday.__3__.Ifitfeelsdry,it'stimetowater.Ifit'sveryhotorwindy,youmayhavetowateryourpotatocontainergardensmorethanonceaday.Makesuretowaterdeeplybywaitinguntilwaterrunsoutthebottom.Hillyourpotatoesastheygrow.__4__，youneedtohillthemincasetheywillbreak.Thisisdonebyaddingacoupleofinchesofsoilaroundyourpotatoplants.Becarefulnottobreaktheplantsintheprocess.Repeatthehillingprocessafewmoretimesasyourplantsgrow.Youcanalsostoponcethesoilreachesthetopofyourcontainer.__5__.Aftertheplantshaveflowered,youcandigoutyourpotatoestoeat.Youcanpulloutafewpotatoesatatime.Youcanalsowaituntiltheplantsturnyellowandthenharvestallofthepotatoesatonce.A．IfyourpotatoplantsaretooshortB．HarvestyourhomegrownpotatoesC．WateryourpotatoeswheneverthesoilisdryD．StickyourfingeratleastaninchintothesoilE．BelowaresometipsforgrowingyourownpotatoesF．OnceyourpotatoplantshavegrownaboutsixinchesG．It'salsorecommendedthateachweighsatleast50grams语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在家种马铃薯的方法，包括选种、浇水、培土和收获。1．选E根据该空所在的位置可知，该空为承上启下的句子；由空处下文可知，下文介绍的是在家里种植马铃薯的方法，故选E。2．选G根据空后一句可知，我们大部分人都不知道50克有多重，也不需要去称重。据此可推知，空处应是关于每块马铃薯的重量，故选G。G项中的“50grams”也是提示。3．选D根据空后一句“Ifitfeelsdry,it'stimetowater.”可知，如果它摸起来干，就该是浇水的时候了。据此可推知，空处应是介绍感知土壤干渴的方法，故选D。4．选F根据该句中的“youneedtohillthemincasetheywillbreak”可知，培土是为了防止其断掉。据此可推知，空处应是介绍培土的时机，故选F，衔接下文。5．选B根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；结合空处下文内容可知，该段主要介绍了收获马铃薯的时间，故选B。Ⅲ.完形填空Iceandsnowwerebeatingthewindowandthewindalmostswepteverythingawayoutside.I__1__howIwouldgethome.The12­mileroutetookmeupanddownsteephillsandaround__2__turns.Iwhisperedaprayerfor__3__.MyoldgreenBlazerSUVwasdoingwonderfullyoverthe__4__roadway.__5__asIclimbedoneofthesteepestandscariesthills,Inoticedthetireswereslipping,andIdecideditwastimeto__6__tofour­wheeldrive.Slowlythetires__7__theroad,andthetopcame__8__sight.Unfortunately,Ihadjustmadeitwhenthe__9__stopped.Ipushedandpulledthelever(操纵杆)—nothinghappened.Iwas__10__withsnowandiceballsaround.EventhoughIhadmetnooneonthislonelyroad,Ihopedsomeonemightcometo__11__.Afterafewminutes,I__12__anoldpickuptruck.AsmilingyoungmanI'dneverseenbeforerolleddownhiswindow,askingifIneededhelp.IensuredhimIdid.Thenheshowedmehowtooperatethefour­wheel­driveshiftinggear(齿轮),lockingitinto__13__.__14__，IgottheBlazerstarting.WhenIthankedthestrangerandaskedifhelivedaroundthearea,hejustsaid,“Oh,overthere.”DoIbelieveinangels?You__15__！语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在风雪交加的一天开车回家，12英里的路线让作者在陡峭的山上上下颠簸，车辆在冰雪覆盖的路面上出现了问题，一个好心人帮助了作者，使得作者认为好心人就像天使一样。1．A.wondered B．realizedC．assumed D．stated解析：选A根据前文可知，户外环境很恶劣，作者认为“回家”成了一个问题，不知道(wonder)该怎么办。故选A。2．A.smooth B．sharpC．simple D．slight解析：选B根据前文“steephills”可知山坡很陡峭，因此会有急转弯(sharpturns)。故选B。3．A.liberty B．priorityC．safety D．recovery解析：选C根据前文可知，天气状况恶劣，路况恶劣，因此可知作者希望能够“安全”(safety)到家。故选C。4．A.ice­covered B．flood­ruinedC．badly­built D．well­equipped解析：选A我那辆旧的绿色开拓者越野车在冰雪覆盖的路面上行驶得很好。ice­covered“冰封的”，故选A。5．A.But B．OrC．So D．And解析：选A句意：“但当我爬上其中一座最陡峭、最可怕的山时，我注意到轮胎在打滑……”。上下句之间为转折关系，故选A。6．A.attend B．appealC．switch D．lead解析：选C根据前文可知，轮胎开始打滑，作为司机，作者应是采取措施避免打滑，开启四轮驱动。switchto“切换到；转到；转变成”，故选C。7．A.lostcontrolof B．tookchargeofC．gotalongwith D．heldonto解析：选D轮胎慢慢地贴在路面上。lostcontrolof“失控”；takechargeof“负责”；getalongwith“与……相处，进展”；holdonto“坚持，紧握”。故