【高一 拓展阅读-自然和环境】Extreme Weather

ExtremeWeatherSeverestormshappeninlow-pressureweathersystems.Warm,wetairbeginsrisingintotheair.Thehigheritrises,thecooleritbecomesWatervapour(水蒸气)intheairformsdrops,aprocesscalledcondensation.Thedropsjointogethertoformclouds,andthenprecipitationofsomekind[rain,sleet(雨夹雪),snow,orhail]willfalldowntotheearth’ssurface.Althoughconditionsmustbeveryspecificforathunderstormtodevelop,thunder-stormsremainthemostcommonkindofextremeweather.Beforeathunderstormcandevelop,therehavetobethreeconditionspresent:theairhastobefullofmoisture,theremustbeeitheranintenselyheatedportionoftheearth’ssurfacesendingwarmairupquicklyoranapproachingcoldfront,andthewarmairthatisrisingmustbewarmenoughtostaywarmerthantheairitpassesthroughasitrises.Themoistureintherisingaircondenses,cloudsformandastormbegins.Acoldfronthappenswhencoldairismovingnearthesurfaceoftheearth,anditpusheswarmairupveryquickly.ThisisoftenthebeginningofathunderstormCloudsform,andheavyrainbeginstofall.Oppositeelectricalchargeinsidestormcloudsseparates,causinglightningtoflashtowardstheearth.Lightninghasenoughenergytoheattheairallaroundit.thissuddenburstofheatiswhatcausesthenoiseweknowashunder.Thunderstormsoftenbringdisasterswiththem,includingfloods,firescausedbylightning,damagefromhailstones(冰雹)orstrongwinds,andeventornadoes.atornadoisaspinningmassofairoverlandthatcandestroyvirtuallyeverythinginitspath.Ablizzardisacombinationofstrongwindsandextremelylowtemperatures.Snowfallincreasesuntilitissoheavythatitisdifficultorimpossibletosee.PeoplecanbecomelostinthesnowandfreezetodeathHomescanbecoveredoverwithsnow,trappingpeopleindoorsahurricaneisthemostpowerfulstormknownonearth.Formingoverwarmoceanwatersoffthecoastofthetropics,theycanbecomegiganticswirling(旋动)mixturesofairandwaterbetween100and900mileswide.Windspeedscanaverageabout75milesperhourHurricanesdotheworstdamagetocoastalcitiesbecausetheyquicklylosetheirstrengthwhentheymoveoverlandHurricanesaresolargeandpowerfulthattheirswirlingcloudscanbeseenfromspace.ReadingComprehensionChoosethecorrectanswerforeachquestion1.What’sthemostcommonkindofextremeweather?A.Thunderstorms.B.Blizzards.C.Hails.D.Heavyrains.2.Whatcausesthenoiseweknowasthunder?A.Thewarmairmovingupquickly.B.Theairfullofmoisture.C.Thesuddenburstofheatintheair.D.Theseparationofoppositeelectricalchargesinsidestormclouds.3.Whencoldairismovingnearthesurfaceoftheearth,whatwillhappen?A.Acoldfrontforms.B.Themoistureintherisingaircondenses.C.Heavyrainsbeginfalling.D.Alotofcloudsform.4.Whatdisastersdothunderstormsoftenbringwith?A.Floods.B.Firescausedbylightning.C.Damagefromhailstones.D.Alloftheabove.5.Wheredohurricanesusuallyform?A.Inareaswheretherearelargewaters.B.Overwarmoceanwatersoffthecoastofthetropics.C.Overcoldoceanwatersnearthearctic.D.Thearticledoesnotsay.Vocabulary基础词severe adj.严重的；严厉的；艰巨的；严酷的,恶劣的 英extremelybadorseriousstorm n.暴风雨；爆发 搭tropicalstorms热带风暴surface n.表面 英theoutsideortoplayerofsth.specific adj.具体的；明确的；特定的；独特的记词根记忆spec（种类）+ific（产生…的）→分门别类的→明确的 搭specificpurpose明确的目的thunderstorm n.雷暴；雷雨记组合词thunder（雷）+storm（暴风雨）→雷电交加的暴风雨→雷暴electrical adj.电的,与电有关的；用电的 搭electricalengineering电气工程electricalshock电击lightning n.闪电 记联想记忆light（光）+ning极强的光→闪电burst v.[burst-burst]爆裂；爆炸；猛冲,闯；突然出现n.突然破裂；爆炸英tobreakopenorapart,especiallybecauseofpressurefrominsidetomakesth.breakinthisway例Theplaneburstintoflamesonimpactwiththeground.飞机与地面碰撞时起火了。disaster n.灾难；灾祸英anunexpectedevent,suchasaverybadaccident,afloodorafire,thatkillsalotofpeopleorcausesalotofdamage 记词根记忆dis（离开）+aster（星星）→星星离开原位→灾难 搭naturaldisaster自然灾害virtually adv.实际上,事实上；几乎,差不多 英almostorverynearly,sothatanyslightdifferenceisnotimportantVocabulary进阶词precipitation n.降雨（量）,降水（量）；【化】沉淀 英rain,snow,etcthatfallstheamountofthisthatfalls 搭normalprecipitation正常降水量hail n.冰雹；（雹子般的）一阵v.招呼；高呼；赞扬,称颂；下冰雹 记联想记忆冰雹（hail）让航行（sail）计划流产（fail）了moisture n.潮气,湿气英verysmalldropsofwaterorotherliquidthatarepresentintheair,onasurfaceorinasubstancecondense v.（使）压缩,精简；（使）凝结记词根记忆con（表加强）+dense（密集的）变得密集→（使）凝结例ThisarticlehasbeenadaptedandcondensedfromthearticlebyWilliamandslater.这篇文章改编自威廉姆和斯莱特的文章,并进行了精简。 派condensation（n.凝疑结）flash v.闪光,闪耀；飞驰,掠过n.闪光；闪光灯 搭aflashoflightning一道闪电aflashinthepan昙花一现tornado n.旋风；龙卷风 记词根记忆torn（转）+ado能转的风→龙卷风 搭tornadocellar避风窖blizzard n.暴风雪,大风雪 英asnowstormwithverystrongwindsfreeze v.（使）结冰；（使）凝固；感到很冷；冻僵 搭freezeover冰封