2023届高考英语二轮复习名词 学案（含答案）

名词

语

法

脉

图

个体名词（可数）

集体名词（可数1

抽象名词（不可薮7

物质名闻（不可薮7

国家、地名、天三~

团体机构名称

j高频考点突破

考点1名词的数

L可数名词的复数

（1）规则变化

情况方法例词

students,teachers,

一般情况加一S

doctors,tables

以s,x,ch,glasses,dishes,boxes,

加一es

sh结尾watches,但stomach复数

形式直接加s,即stomachs

以辅音字母变y为ifamilies,babies,

+y结尾再加一esarmies,bodies

以元音字母

加一Sboys,toys

+y结尾

多变f或fethieves,wives,knives,

以f或fe为v,再加一esshelves,lives

结尾beliefs,proofs,roofs,

少数加一s

chiefs

radios,videos,zoos,

通常加一S

以。结尾tobaccos

有的加一esheroes,potatoes,tomatoes

【名师指津】

①以一O结尾的下列名词要加一es:“黑人英雄爱吃土豆、西红

柿"，即Negroes,heroes,potatoes,tomatoeso

②以一f或一fe结尾的名词需要把f或fe去掉，加一ves:“为了

自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把

狼劈成两半"，即selves,lives,thieves,wives,knives,leaves,

shelves,wolves,halveso

(2)不规则变化

child孩子fchildren,man男人fmen,tooth牙fteeth,foot

自身变化

脚；英尺ffeet,mouse老鼠fmice,phenomenon现象

的名词

fphenomena,medium传播媒介fmedia

单复数同Chinese中国人；sheep绵羊；deer鹿；series系列；means方

形名词式；works工厂；fish鱼；fruit水果等。其中fish,fruit表

示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes,fruits

son—in—lawsons—in-law,passer-byfpassers-by,story

合成名词

—teller->story-tellers

Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried,butnonehasworked.每——种

可能的方式都已经被尝试了，但是没有起作用的。

即时啰练1单句语法填空

①Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons（season）,plantingat

therighttimeand,indryareas,makinguseofannualfloodsto

irrigate（灌溉）theirfields.（2020-浙江卷语法填空）

②Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin

2014that/whichshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunning

reducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses

（cause）.（2018•全国卷I语法填空）

③FewpeopleIknowseemtohavemuchdesireortimeto

cook.MakingChinesedishes（dish）isseenasespecially

troublesome.（2018•浙江卷语法填空）

④Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity（医学

界）asamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintended

sideeffects（effect）suchasoverweightandheartdisease一thevery

thingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.（全国卷I语法填

空）

⑤Shehasturneddownseveralinvitations（invitation）tostarat

showsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.（全国卷HI语法填空）

2.不可数名词（物质名词和抽象名词）

⑴只用作不可数名词的名词：advice,furniture,fun,information,

news,weather,progress,wealth等。

⑵抽象名词具体化：抽象名词与a（an）连用，淡化了抽象概念，

转化为具体的动作、行为或类别等概念。

单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义

success成功成功的人或事

pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事

beauty美；美丽美丽的人或事物

comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物

danger危险危险的人或因素

delight高兴令人高兴的事

failure失败失败的人或事物

surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情

shock震惊令人震惊的事情

pride骄傲令人骄傲的人或事情

Yourcontributionwillcertainlymaketheeventahugesuccess.

你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。

考点2名词所有格

1.一's所有格：①and连接的并列名词表示各自的所有关系时，

要分别在并列名词后加一's或'；表示共同的所有关系时，只

在最后一个名词后加一's或'。②表示店铺、办公室或某人的

家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。

Tom'sandJim'srooms汤姆和吉姆（各自）的房间

TomandJim'sroom汤姆和吉姆（共同）的房间

atthebarber9s在理发店

2.of所有格：无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关

系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。

thecontentofthenovel小说的内容

thenameofthegirloverthere那边那位女孩的名字

3.双重所有格：“名词+of+名词所有格”或“名词+of+名词

性物主代词”。

aplayofShakespeare^莎士比亚的一个戏剧

aphotoofmine我的一张照片

即时啰练2补全句子

①Canyougivemesomeadvice（给我一些建议）onhowto

driveacar?

②WecangotothelibraryorsurftheInternetfor

various/allkindsofinformation（各种各样的信息）.

③Thewindowsofthehouse（房子的窗户）werebroken

duringthebigstorm.

考点3动词、形容词与名词之间的词形转换

L动词转化为名词的后缀

后缀例词

correct->correction改正

—ion/

celebratecelebration庆祝（活动）

-tion/

attract-attraction吸引；有吸引力的人或事物

-sion/

conclude-*conclusion结论；结束

ation

discuss->discussion讨论；论述

decidefdecision决定

admitsadmission承认；准许加入

permit->permission允许，许可

invite->invitation邀请

explainexplanation解释

graduategraduation毕业

expectexpectation期望

sailfsailor海员，水手

drivedriver司机；驾驶员

—er/gather—gatherer收集者，采集者

—orteachfteacher老师

announce-*announcer广播员

conduct->conductor指挥；售票员

punishfpunishment惩罚

achieve-*achievement成就

argue-,^argument辩论；论据

—menttreat^treatment对待；治疗

equipequipment装备；设备

governgovernment政府

astonish->astonishment

appear-*appearance出现；外貌

-ance/guidefguidance指引；指导

—enceperformfperformance表演；表现

exist—existence存在；生存

prefer->preference偏爱

referfreference参考，查阅

fail-failure失败；倒闭

—ure/press-*pressure压力

turedepartdeparture离开；出发

mixmixture混合（物）

hearfhearing听力，听觉

—ingbeginfbeginning开始

build—building建筑

recoverfrecovery恢复，痊愈

-ydiscover->discovery发现

scare->scarey害怕

2.形容词转化为名词的后缀

后缀例词

-ageshortshortage

efficient-*efficiency效率

fluentffluency流利

-cy

accurate^accuracy准确性

private^privacy隐私

free-*freedom自由

-dom

wisefwisdom明智；智慧

differentfdifference差异

—ence

silent-*silence沉默

evidentfevidence证据

weakweakness虚弱；弱点

—nesskindfkindness仁慈，友好

carelesscarelessness粗心大意

strong-*strength力气；优势

-th

warmfwarmth温暖；热情

safe-*"safety安全

disablefdisability缺陷；伤残

—y/一

responsiblefresponsibility责任

ty/Tty

honestfhonesty诚实

difficultdifficulty困难

即时啰练3单句语法填空

①Historicalaccuracy(accurate)isimportantbutsois

entertainment.(2020•新高考卷I语法填空)

②Filledwithcuriosity(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsand

left.(2020•全国卷HI语法填空)

©ChineseNewYearisacelebration(celebrate)markingtheendof

thewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.(2020•全国卷II语法

填空)

④Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocalevents

andletusknowofaninterestingcompetition(compete)towatch,

togetherwiththestorybehindit.(2019•全国卷HI语法填空)

⑤Wabastressedthatasaneducator(educate)itisrighttogo

aboveandbeyondfortheirstudentsinthistoughtime.(2020•山东省

潍坊市高三二模）

个分层综合演练

I.单句语法填空

1.Itwasagreatpleasureforthefamilytomovetoahousewitha

verybiggarden.

2.Anewcollection(collect)ofphotosbringsanunsuccessful

Antarcticvoyagebacktolife.

3.Handlethemostimportanttasksfirstandyou'llfeelarealsense

ofachievement(achieve).

4.Recentstudies(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveat

workifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.

5.IhadtodeclineJack'sinvitation(invite)tohisbirthdayparty

becauseitconflictedwithanimportantconference.

6.GoingtoCambridgeUniversityisadreamofmine,foritisoneof

thetopuniversities(university)intheworld.

7.Someorganizations/organisatioss(organize)havebegun

workinghardtosavethem.(2021•南宁市高三毕业班适应性测试)

8.Readingabookcanopenthedoortoawonderfulnewworldof

magicanddiscovery(discover),whichiswhypeopleallaroundthe

worldlovetoread.(2021•深圳市高三第一次调研)

9.Theyweretourists(tour)fromtheinlandofthecountry,andhad

neverseenanAmericanbefore.(2021•许昌市高三第三次质量检测)

10.AlthoughIhavesaid“Thankyou"tothemseveraltimes,Istill

thinkitisnotenoughtoexpressmydeep

appreciation(appreciate).(2021・皖南八校高三第三次联考)

II.语法填空

Ahighschoolhistoryteacheroncetoldus,“Ifyoumakeoneclose

friendinschool,youwillbemostlucky.1.true

friendissomeonewhostayswithyouforlife."Experienceshowed

thathewasright.Good2.(friend)arejustnoteasily

formed.

Tomostofus,friendshipsarethoughtveryimportant,butweneedto

havethekindsoffriendshipswewant.Aretheytobecloseorkeptat

arm's3.(long)?Dowewanttoshareourselvesordowe

wanttowalkonthesurface?Forsomepeople,manyfriendshipson

thesurfacearequiteenoughandthafsallright.Butatsomepointwe

needtomakesurethatourexpectationsarethesameasour

4.(friend)expectations.Thesharingof

5.(person)experienceisthesurestway

6.(deepen)friendships.Butitmustbeundertaken

slowlyandcarriedononlyiftherearesignsofinterestandactionin

return.

Whataresomeofthe7.(difficult)informing

friendships?Thegreatestistoexpecttoomuchtoosoon.Deep

relationshipstaketime.Anothermaindifficultyisthe

8.(selfish)tothinkone"owns"theother,including

histimeandattention.Similarly,friendshipsneedactionsinreturn.In

otherwords,youmustgiveasmuchasyoutake.Finallythereisa

questionoftakingcareofeachother.9.youspend

reasonabletimetogether，talkingonthephone,writing

10.(letter)ordoingthingstogether,friendships