虚拟现实技术虚拟校园中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文资料对照外文翻译外文原文VirtualizingaCampus:ASEEUCaseStudyABSTRACTCreatingapresentationforthewebthatdrasticallydiffersfromstandardonesisstillachallengeandrepresentsamilestoneformanyresearchgroups.Virtualuniversitycampusestogetherwithin-placelearningwithVirtualLearningoreducation.CampusforSouthEastEuropeanUniversity，thedesignmethodologies，implementationexperience，resultsandpossibilities.KeywordsVirtualCampus，VirtualEducation，3-DModeling1.INTRODUCTIONVirtualWorldsareenvironmentsthattendtolooklikethephysicalworldandtheycreateasenseofaplacewhereausercancommunicate,navigate,anddovariousthingsaccordingtoitsnavigationpreferences.Virtualworldshavetraditionallybeendevelopedasgames,butlatelyasvirtualcampuses,museumsorlibraries.Thevirtualcampusisaneducationalcommunitythatfocusesonincreasingstudentaccesstoqualityservices.ASEEUvirtualcampushasbeendevelopedintheComputerScienceandTechnologiesDepartmentattheSEEUanditisbasedontheconceptofvirtualworlds.Fewuniversities[5]offera3-DModelingofphysicalfacilities.Insteadmostofthemaresimplewebsites,offeringinformationandservicesintraditionalway(virtualeducation)[2，4，9].Enrichingthewebwithgraphicpossibilitiesratherthanusingthetraditionalapproach,hasbeenthemilestonesincefromitsverybeginning.Craftingawebthatwillbeabletopresent3-Dmodelsindifferentwaysisstillachallenge.Thenewtrendsin3-Modelingandweb,emergedwithnewconceptsandtechnologiesconcerningofferingbetterservicestocustomers.Thisnewtrenddidnotoverpassuniversitiesaswell.Educatorsandstudentsfromvariousresearchareasruntoexplore,presentandcollaboratetheirideasin3D.Inthispaperwepresentadesignmethodologyandimplementationofavirtualcampusthatallowsstudentstovirtuallymovearoundthe3-Dimensionalworld,aswellasinteractwithit.TheobjectivesoftheSEEUVirtualCampusactuallyaimtocontributetothemodernizationagendaofuniversities,tryingtogiverelativelynewapproachbyputtingusersinavirtual3-Denvironmentandtryingtoprovidehimwiththenecessaryinformation.Approachesnotfoundin[2,4,9].OtherapproacheslikeSecondlife[8]useacompletenewinfrastructureanddifferentprotocols(secondlifeprotocol)thatmakesitimpossibleforusagebyordinarywebuserswithoutinstallingnewsoftwareandprotocolsthatsecondlifedemands.ThemaingoaloftheSEEUvirtualcampusistocreatea3-Dvirtualworldbasedonanexistentinfrastructureandprotocolsthatwebprovides,makingitthiswaymoreusableandaccessible.TheclientthatSEEUVirtualcampususesislightweight,easytoinstallandbuiltuponexistentwebprotocols(http).Therestofthispaperisorganizedasfollows:Insection1,abriefintroductionandmaingoalofvirtualcampusispresented.InSection2,Insection3,theexperienceoftheprojectteamduringimplementationispresented.Section4presentstheresultsandoutcomesoftheVirtualCampuswithseveralpossibilitiesanddirectionsforenrichingitwithnewfeaturesandsection5concludesthispaper.2.DESIGNMETHODOLOGYWegenerallyunderstandvirtualworldsasacollectionofdigitalmediaunits.Peoplearefamiliarwithhypertext,digitalimages,digitalaudioandvideo,and3Dmodelingaspresentationtools.Thedesignmaterialsofvirtualarchitectureemergeandtakeeffectduringdifferentdesignprocesses[1].ThestagesofthedesignofourVirtualCampusaregroupedintothreecategories:metaphoricaldesign,analogicaldesign,andimplementation.MetaphoricalDesign:Throughtheuseofmetaphor,weexpresstheconceptsinonedomainintermsofanotherdomain.Untilnow,knownmetaphorsare:GiantBrain,InformationSuperhighwayandMultipleMetaphors[1].DesigningaVirtualCampusfallsinthegroupofMultipleMetaphorstogetherwithDigitalLibrary,ElectronicMailandElectronicMarketplace.Usingthismetaphor,allofthesesubgroupsallowsuserstointeractwiththevirtualenvironment.AnalogicalDesign:Itdealswithusingthecurrentdesigninordertocreatenewinsightsandpossibilitiesforfurtherenhancementsandadaptationforanewdesign[1].Inthisstage,thephysicalarchitectureofSEEUhasbeenadoptedtosatisfytheneedsofvirtualarchitecture.Firststepwasprovidingthe2-DmapoftheUniversityuponwhichthe3-Dmodelwillbebuilt.Secondstepofthisstagewasincorporatingthemapintoourchosensoftware.Implementation:ThesoftwaresolutionwasdevelopedusingGoogleSketchUp[3]anddifferentdesignmaterialslistedbelow.2.1DesignMaterialsThetypesofdigitalmediarelevanttovirtualarchitectureinclude:text,digitalimages,framedbasedanimation,3DModeling[7].Text:usingtextisveryimportantbecauseitaffectstheusersofthevirtualworld.AtourUniversity,officiallanguagesareAlbanian,MacedonianandEnglish;forthatreasonallusedtextsarewritteninthethreelanguagesmentionedabove.DigitalImages:Herewerefertodigitalimagesasrasterorbitmappedimages,representedincomputermemoryasanarrayofdiscretebitsofinformationwhereeachbitspecifiescolorandintensity[6].DigitalimagesareusedtorepresenttheenvironmentoutoftheCampusinordertogiveamorereallooktotheVirtualonethatwehavedesigned.Framed-basedanimation:Ananimatedpictureisasequenceofimagesthataredisplayedinafixedorder.Theframesmaybeproducedbysamplingwithamovieorvideocamera[12].AmoviefileoftheVirtualCampushasbeencreatedwhichisusedindifferentpresentationsheldinourUniversity.3DModeling:3Dmodelsarethebasicresourcesforproducing3Danimation.Iftheframesofananimatedpicturearecapturedbygeneratingasequenceofprojectedandrenderedviewsfroma3Dmodel,thenitwillproduce3Danimation.Therefore,3Danimationisthepostproductionof3Dmodels.Different3Danimationresultscanbeachievedbasedonasame3Dmodelbychanginganimationmethodsorcameraviewsandpaths[12].AcameraisplacedatthefrontdooroftheVirtualUniversitywhichhelpstheuserstowalkaroundtheCampusasavisualizedplace.2.2User'sEvaluationInthedesignoftheVirtualCampuswehaveinvolvedusersoneverystageofSEEUvirtualcampusimplementation.Wehaveidentifiedthreemainstagesofimplementationwhereuser'sfeedbackwasvaluable.Thesestagescanbesummarizedasfollows.2.2.1PreliminaryResearchStageThefirststageisdefinedaspreliminaryresearchstagewhereweanalyzeandchoosethesoftwareanditsessentialfeatures,collectbooksandotherneededresourceslikedigitalcamera,campusmap,buildingwalltexturesetc.AsprojectteamwedecidedtouseGoogleSketchUpbecause,comparingtoothertechnologiesitcharacterizeditselfwithsimplicity,efficiencyandscalability.2.2.2TestingStageThesecondstageisdefinedastestingstageofthefirstdraft.Thisdraftwaspresentedto60studentswhoaretakingtheComputerGraphiccourse.Thequestionsraisedwere:HowdoyouevaluatetheoveralllookofSEEUVirtualCampus?HoweasydoyoufindthenavigationwithinVC?Areyousatisfiedwiththenavigationspeed?Does3-Dmodelingreflectsrealisticallyouruniversitycampus?Thisobservationindicatedthat:TheyliketowalkaroundtheirvisualizeduniversityTheypreferamoresophisticatedtextureratherthansimplecoloringthewallsofthebuildingsTheypreferabetterspeedperformanceTheywouldliketoseetheirVirtualUniversityontheInternet2.2.3FinalizationandPresentationStageThethirdstageisdefinedasfinalizationstage.Atthisstagewehadthefinaldesignwhichwaspresentedtoabroaderaudience.Thefeedbackfromaudienceandusersindicatedthat: TheylikedthegenerallookofthevirtualcampusTheyprefertousethevirtualcampusduringtheUniversitymarketingcampaignDetailsenhancementwasrecommended3.IMPLEMENTATIONThedesignofTheVirtualCampusisoriginallybasedonthevirtualworldconcept.Understandingtherealizationofaproject,wordsareabstractones,iftheyarenotrealizedinwork.Thispart,hasbeendealingwithdescriptionofthestepsforimplementingthecampusitself.Thefirstneededthingwastoknowabouttheexactmarginsoftheoverallcampus.Thediscussionwasdonewiththeresponsibleuniversitystaff,whichgaveusthesketchofthecontentthatweplannedtorealize.Afterthis,themappingcouldbestarted.3.1MappingThemapping,definedthegeneralparametersthatcamefromthesketch.Themappinghasbeendoneintwodimensionalenvironments.Atthispoint,thesizeofthefieldswasdefined,inbaseofthewidenessanddistanceofeveryobjectfromone–another.Itstartedwiththelandscape,afterthatwiththeroads,andfinallytobefinishedwithobjendthem.3.2ObjectextrusionOncethemappingwascompleted,thedefinitionofwireframeobjects,byraisingtheminacertainaxeswasperformed.Thisprocessisknownasobjectextrusionwhichcreatesfullyscaled3Dobjects.3.3SurfaceDefinitionsandHiddenSurfaceRemovalWireframeobjectasshownonfigure2aresuitableonlyformodeling,butnotforgeneralpresentation.Thenextstageisdefiningthesidesofsurfacesaswellashidingsurfacesthatarenotvisible.Atechniquewhichiswidelyknowsashiddensurfaceremoval.Withthistechniqueobjectsgaindepthrelativetoeachother.3.4TextureMappingThelastpartoftheimplementation,surelythemosteye–valuable,wastexturemapping.Themaingoalwastomakeasmuchasappropriatecolordefinitiontotheobject,andtheenvironmentwiththecolorstheyreallyhave.Someofthesecolordefinitioncanbelandscape'sgrassytextureandvegetation,roadsandparkinglots,aswellasobjectwallsandroofs.Otherslike,streetlightsorbencheswerejustforassistance(SeeFigure4inthefollowingsection).4.RESULTSANDPOSSIBILITIESThefinalstageofimplementationrepresentsafullymodeledandproportionallyscaledvirtualSEEUniversitycampus.Byproportionallyscaledmodelsismeantthatthesizesofthebuildingarescaleddowninaccordancewiththeirrealproportionsinordertogiveareal3-Dlookandfeel.Figure4.showsthecompletedmodelofSEEUVirtualCampus.Thevirtualcampusoffersacertaindegreeofinteractionforusersinthesensethatitcanwalkthroughthecampusaswellasineveryobjectthereisadditionalinformationconcerningitsnameandpurpose.HavinginmindthatthemainpurposeoftheSEEUVirtualCampuswascreatinga3Deducationalenvironmentfortheweb.This3Denvironmentwaseffectivelyusedforuniversitypromotiondoneinseveraldirectionssuchas:PostingthemodelinGoogleEarthsystem,providedbyGoogleInc.[11]Thisstagehasalreadybeencompleted.CreatingaVRMLorX3DmodelofSEEUVirtualCampusthatwillbepresentedintheofficialsiteofSEEUniversity.InthementionedsiteuserswillhavethepossibilitytonavigatethecampusfromtheirVRMLenabledwebbrowsers.Creatinganimatedpresentationsandvideofilesforcommercialandmarketingpurposes.OnevideopresentationhasbeenalreadydonebyusingandXMLbasedmultimedialanguagesuchasSMIL[12].TheabovementionedSMILpresentationrepresentsatwominutesguidelinesofthemainobjectsintheVirtualCampuswiththepossibilityofmultiplerepletions.Thismakesitsuitableforsilentbackgroundpresentationsorpossiblyforcommercialspots.5.CONCLUSIONANDFUTUREWORKThe3-Dmodelsonthewebarebecomingmoreprevalentfromdaytoday.Inthispaperwepresentedoneapproachformodelinganonlinevirtualcampusdedicatedforpromotingauniversity.Possibilitiesfordevelopingnewerversionswithricherfeaturesalwaysexists.Weenvisionthefurtherdevelopmentofthevirtualcampusprojectinthefollowingdirections:Increasinginteractioninthevirtualizedcampusbyaddinglinkswithmediafileslikeaudioorvideo.Thiscanbedonebyincorporatingthesocalledinteractionpoints.Theinteractionpointsarespecificregionsinthevirtual3-Dworldthathavespecificpurposeandincludeaspecificresource(likeaudio,videoorsomeotherresources)ExploringthepossibilitiesofX3DwhichisanXMLbasedversionofVRMLandatthesametimeanXMLstandardforcreatingandmanipulatingVirtualWorlds.Consideringthepossibilityforbuildingacomplete3-Dbasedwebsitewithallthefeaturesthatanormalwebsiteprovideslike:links,picturesandmanyotherinformation.Modeling3-Denvironmentsisveryinterestingandappealingfromauserpointofviewbecausetheyofferricheranddifferentenvironmentsthanordinaryweb.Inthispaperwepresentedsuchanenvironmentusedforpromotingauniversityandcreatingmoreusableandattractivewebbasedpresentations.Theotherdevelopingaspectsandpossibilitiesmentionedabovearesubjectforfurtherresearchandimplementations.中文译文校园可视化：SEEU大学案例分析摘要创建大大不同于标准的环境仍然是一个挑战，同时也作为许多研究小组的一个里程碑。虚拟大学校园与实地学习与虚拟学习或教育。校园的设计方法，实施经验，结果和可能性。关键词：虚拟校园，虚拟教育，3-D建模1引言虚拟世界是看起来像物质世界并且他们允许用户通信，导航，根据喜好做各种事情的环境。虚拟世界以前是因游戏开发的，但最近已涉足虚拟校园，博物馆或图书馆。虚拟校园是一个专注于以优质的服务提高学生访问量的教育社区。SEEU的计算机科学与技术系已开发出虚拟校园，它是基于虚拟世界的概念。有几所大学[5]提供了一个的公用设施3-D模型。相反，他们大多是简单的网站，以传统的方式（虚拟教育）[2，4，9]提供信息和服务。用图形的来丰富网络而不是使用传统的方法，从一开始就成为了里程碑。制作出能够以不同的方式呈现3-D模型的网页仍然是一个难题。3维建模和网络中的新趋势，出现了新的概念和技术，为客户提供更好的服务。这种新的趋势并没有超过立交桥大学。来自不同的研究领域的教育工作者和学生运行在3D探索，提出和合作他们的想法。在本文中，我们提出了能够让学生在3维世界模拟游走以及与它进行交互的一个虚拟校园设计方法和实施方案。SEEU虚拟校园实际上旨在促进大学的现代化进程，试图把用户放在一个虚拟的三维环境，并给他提供必要的信息的相对较新的方法。文献[2，4，9]并未提供方案。其他方法，如“第二人生”[8]，用一个完整的新的基础设施，并采用不同协议SecondLife的协议），使得它无法通过普通的互联网用户使用，无需安装新的软件和协议。SEEU虚拟校园的主要目标是创建基于现有的基础设施和协议的一个三维虚拟世界，增强它的实用性和易用性。虚拟校园SEEU使用的是重量轻，易于安装和建成后存在的Web协议（HTTP）的客户端。本文的其余部分安排如下：在第1部分，提出了一个简单的介绍和虚拟校园的主要目标。在第2部分中，我们提出了SEEU虚拟校园实施的设计方法。在第3部分，提出了项目实施经验。第4节介绍了几个新的功能和丰富的可能性和方向的虚拟校园的业绩和成果。第5部分总结本文。2设计方法我们通常把虚拟世界理解为一个数字媒体单位的集合。人们所常把超文本，数字图像，数字音频和视频，以及3D建模作为演示工具。在不同的设计过程的[1]。虚拟校园的设计阶段分为三类：隐喻设计，类比设计和实施。隐喻设计：通过隐喻的使用，我们在一个域中另一个域表达概念。到现在为止，已知的隐喻是：巨脑，信息高速公路和多重隐喻[1]。在多重隐喻与数字图书馆，电子信箱和电子市场下设计虚拟校园。使用这个比喻，所有这些分组可以让用户与虚拟环境进行交互。类比设计：它涉及使用目前的设计，以创建一个新的设计[1]为进一步增强和适应新的见解和可能性。在此阶段，SEE大学的物理体系结构已被采用，以这个阶段的将地图做到我们选择的软件中去。实施：使用软件解决方案2。1设计材料与虚拟建筑相关的数字媒体类型包括：文字，图像，基于动画的框架，三维模型[7]。文本：使用文本很重要，因为它影响了虚拟世界的用户。在我们的大学，官方语言是阿尔巴尼亚语，马其顿语和英语；因此所有的文字都是上述三种语言。数字图像：这里我们指的光栅数字图像或位图图像，在计算机内存中的数组的离散比特表示的信息，其中每一位指定颜色和强度[6]。数字图像被用来描述校园环境，为了使我们设计的虚拟校园看起来更真实。以框架为基础的动画：动画图片是一个有特定显示顺序图像。该框架可通过电影或视频摄像机[12]采样产生。虚拟校园的电影文件已经创建，并且被在在我校召开的会议所运用。三维建模：三维模型为制作三维动画的基本资源。如果一个动画帧产生一个序列的投影捕捉和渲染的视图的三维模型，然后将产生的3D动画。因此，3D动画是三维模型的后期制作。不同的3D动画结果可以实现基于同一个三维模型，通过改变动画的方法或相机视图和路径[12]。一个照相机放在虚拟大学，帮助用户在校园里散步的地方，作为一个可视化的大门。2。2用户评价在虚拟校园的设计阶段，我们已经涉及用户的SEEU虚拟校园实施的每一个步骤。我们已经确定了三个用户反馈有价值的主要阶段实施。这些阶段可以总结如下。2。2。1初步研究阶段初步研究阶段，我们分析和选择软件