2023年河南省郑州市高考英语二模试卷及答案解析

2023年河南省郑州市高考英语二模试卷

一、阅读理解(本大题共15小题，共30.0分)

A

HighschoolprogramsattheNationalGalleryofArtvaluedepthoverbreadth,exploringoriginalworksof

artthroughasinglespecificquestionortheme.

StudioWorkshops

Singlemuseumvisit,2.5hoursGrades9-12

Thesehalf-dayartworkshopsincludeanin-depthexaminationanddiscussionofworksofartinthe

galleries,followedbybehind-the-scenesaccesstotheEducationStudio,wherestudentscreatearelated

artproject.

NationalGalleryofArteducatorswillencouragestudentstolookcarefullyatworksofartandthenshare

theirresponsesandcomeupwiththeoriesbasedontheirobservations.

Studentswillhavethechancetocreateaworkofartinthestudioinspiredbywhattheyhaveseeninthe

galleries.

MuseumMakersExploringArtandMuseums

Grades11-12

TheMuseumMakersprogramexplainshowmuseumsoperateandwhattheyhavetooffer.ltgives

upper-levelhighschoolstudentsthetoolstoexperience,understandandinterpretart.Participantswillgain

aninsider'sviewofhowanartmuseumworks.StudentsmeetforsevenSaturdaysessionsfrom10：00

a.m.to3：00p.m.

Completionoftheprogramrequiresattendanceofallsevensessions.

CreativeWriting

Grades7-12,90minutes

Studentswillprovideavoicefortheirpersonalresponsestoartthroughcreativewritingwhiletheyare

lookingataselectionofartworksinthegalleries.Usingcloseobservation,groupdiscussionandpersonal

reflection,theywillbeguidedthroughexercisesthatusedifferentwritingforms,includingfree-form

poetry.

Amaximumof30students(minimumof15)willbeacceptedateachsession.

1.WhatcanstudentsdoatStudioWorkshops?

A.Getbasictrainingasanartist.

B.Putforwardtheirownarttheories.

C.Discusswithartistsabouttheirworks.

D.Learnaboutartists,inspirationfortheirworks.

2.WhatcanstudentsgetfromMuseumMakers?

A.Methodsofhowartworksarecreated.

B.Experienceinrunninganartmuseum.

C.Knowledgeabouthowanartmuseumworks.

D.Academiccreditsforcompletingtheprogram.

3.WhichgroupcanattendCreativeWritingatasession?

A.15collegestudents.B.10Grade9students.

C.25Grade10students.D.40highschoolstudents.

B

IneverimaginedthatsomeonetellingmeIlookedskinnywouldangerme.Andyet,Iwasmadeveryangry

whenacolleaguepinchedmywaistandscreamed,"Rosa,you'velostweight.Youlookgreat."InThe

truthisthatIwastiredandnottakingcareofmyself.Idecidedtostartaproperweight-lossprogram.

Thefirsttogowouldberoadrage.Iaminfarlesscontrolofthisweightthananyother.Everytime

somethinggetsinmypath,Iflyoffihehandle.Ineedtolosetheroadrage,andfast!No»nomore

speed.Instead,Inowrepeatthewords："Iamnotinahurry.*'Thisyear,Iwilldrivesafely,allowing

"stupid”tohappenallaroundme.Fromthat,Ihopetogainpatience.

Nextisguilt.Whenguiltdrivesmyconsciencetodobetter,it'sfunctional.Butwhenitpresentsitselfasan

internaldialoguethatgoesnowhere,it'suseless.Thisyear,Iwanttostopfeelingguiltyfornotkeepinga

cleanerhouse,forspendingtimeawayfrommychildrentobewithfriends,fornotattendingeveryparty

becauseFdratherbeathome,orforwatchingTVwhenIshouldbereading.Myimageandperformance

arenotatthefrontofanyoneelse'smindbutmyown.Fromthis,Ihopetogainfreedomtobemyself.

Thelastisfear.Fearhasheldmeback.Fearoffailurehaspreventedmefrombeingawriter.Fearof

embarrassmenthaspreventedmefromgivinganopinion.Fearofrejectionhasstoppedmefromaiming

higherinmylife.Fearofregrethasledmeintosituationsthatmademeuncomfortable.IfIcanloseanyone

ofthesefears,Istandtogainexperience.

So,ifIcanlosetherage,shakeoffsomeguilt,andtakefearoffmyplate,Istandtogainpatience,

freedom,andexperience.PoundforpoundIhavenotlostathingbutIwillbemuchlighter.Nexttime,I

hopemycolleaguelooksmeintheeyetoseemyglowinsteadofpinchingpartofmethathasnothingtodo

withhowgreatIreallylook.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"flyoffthehandle,'inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Pickupspeed.B.Driveoff.

C.Feelquitenervous.D.Becomeveryangry.

5.Whathasmadetheauthorfeelguiltybefore?

A.Attendingtoomanyparties.

B.Readingmuchwithherchildren.

C.WastinghertimeinwatchingTV.

D.Spendinglittletimewithherfriends.

6.Howhasfearaffectedtheauthor?

A.Ithaspreventedherachievinghergoals.

B.Ithasstoppedherfurtheringhereducation.

C.Ithasmadeitdifficultfbrhertomakefriends.

D.Ithascausedhertoquitherdreamofbeingateacher.

7.Whatdoestheauthorexpecttogainfromherweight-lossprogram?

A.Respect.B.Independence.C.Optimism.D.Tolerance.

c

Sixmonthsbeforeshedied,mygrandmothermovedintoanoldpeople'shomeandIvisitedherthere.The

roomwascleanandwarm,andthecareassistantswerekindandcheerful.Ageneralknowledgequizshow

wasonthetelevision,andtheonlyothersoundwassnoring.Peoplemovedonlywhentheyneededtobe

helpedtothebathroom.ltwasdisappointing.Grandmothertalkedalotabouthowmuchshemissedseeing

hergrandchildren,butIknewfrommysisterthattheyhatedgoingtovisitherthere.

SoIwasinterestedtoreadanewspaperarticleaboutanewconceptinoldpeople'shomesinFrance.The

ideaissimple,butrevolutionary-combiningaresidentialhomefbrtheelderlywithanurseryschoolin

thesamebuilding.Thechildrenandtheresidentseatlunchtogetherandshareactivities.Intheafternoons,

theresidentsenjoyreadingortellingstoriestothechildren,andifachildisfeelingsadortired,thereis

alwaysakindlaptositon.

Theadvantagesarehugeforeveryoneconcerned.Thechildrenarehappy,becausetheygetalotmore

individualattention.Theresidentsarehappybecausetheyfeelusefulandneeded.Andthestaffarehappy

becausetheyseeanimprovementinthephysicalandpsychologicalhealthoftheresidentsandhavean

armyofassistantstohelpwiththechildren.

Nowadaysthereislessandlesscontactbetweentheoldandtheyounginanincreasingnumberof

countries.Therearemanyreasonsforthis,includingthebreakdownoftheextendedfamily,working

parentswithnotimetocareforageingrelations,familiesthathavemovedaway,andsmallerflatswith

noroomforgrandparents.Buttheresultisthesame-increasingnumbersofchildrenwithoutgrandparents

andoldpeoplewhohavenocontactwithchildren,andmoreoldpeoplewhoarelonelyandfeeluseless,

alongwithmoreandmorefamilieswithyoungchildrenwhodesperatelyneedmoresupport.Ifsamajor

probleminmanysocieties.

That'swhyintergenerationalprograms,designedtobringtheoldandtheyoungtogether,aregrowingin

popularityallovertheworld.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"residents"inparagraph2probablyreferto?

A.Oldpeople.B.Schoolteachers.

C.Assistants.D.Staff.

9.Howweretheoldpeopleatthehometheauthor'sgrandmotherwasin?

A.Theyfeltlonelyanduseless.

B.Theyweren'tallowedtobevisited.

C.Theyweren'tlookedafterproperly.

D.Theylivedinadirtyanduncomfortableroom.

10.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisamajorprobleminmanysocietiestoday?

A.Theextendedfamilyisbrokendown.

B.Thereisn'tmuchroomforgrandparents.

C.Workingparentshavenotimetocarefortheirchildren.

D.Thereisn'tmuchcontactbetweentheoldandtheyoung.

11.Whatwillbeprobablytalkedaboutlaterinthepassage?

A.Adviceonhowtocommunicatewithchildren.

B.Plansforsettingupmorehomesforoldpeople.

C.Examplesofsuccessfulintergenerationalprograms.

D.Waysofteachingentertainmentskillstooldpeople.

D

Microplasticpollutionisincreasinggreatlyaroundtheglobe,accordingtoastudyofplasticparticles（微

粒）carriedintheair.

Peoplearealreadyknowntobreathe,drinkandeatmicroplastics,andresearchsuggeststhatpollution

levelswillcontinuetoriserapidly.Theresearcherssaidthatbreathingintheseparticlescanbeharmfulto

lungtissueandleadtoseriousdiseases.

ProfessorNatalieMahowald,atCornellUniversityintheUSandpartoftheresearchteam,said,nBut

maybewecouldsolvethisbeforeitbecomesahugeproblem,ifwemanageourplasticsbetter,beforethey

accumulateintheenvironmentandmovearoundeverywhere."

Theresearch,publishedinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcadenryofSciences,examined

airborne（空气传播的）microplastics,whichhavebeenfarlessstudiedthanplasticsinoceansandrivers.

Theteamgatheredmorethan300samplesofairbornemicroplasticsfrom11sitesacrossthewestern

US.Thesewerethebasisforatmosphericmodelingthatestimatedthecontributionfromdifferentsources

（来源）,anditwasthefirstsuchstudytodoso.

Theyfoundthatroadswerethemainfactor（因素）inthewesternUS,linkedtoabout85%ofthe

microplasticsintheair.Thesearelikelytoincludeparticlesfromtiresandbrakepadsonvehicles,and

plasticsfromlitterthathadbeenbrokendown.

Theresearchersextendedtheirmodelingworktoagloballevelandthissuggestedthatwhileroadsarealso

likelytobethemajordriverofairborneplasticsinEurope,SouthAmericaandAustralia,plasticparticles

blownupfromfieldsmaybeamuchbiggerfactorinAfricaandAsia.

ProfessorAndreasStohloftheUniversityofVienna'sFacultyofEarthSciencessaid,"Thestudy

confirmstheglobal-scale（全球规模的）natureofmicroplastictransportintheatmosphereanddoesa

goodjobinhighlightinghighlyrelevantandconcerningpossibilities,butmoremeasurementdatais

neededtogetabetterideaofthesources."

12.Whatcanbeknownaboutmicroplasticpollutionfromthistext?

A.Theparticlescandogreatharmtoourlungs.

B.Airbornemicroplasticshavebeenwidelystudied.

C.Ithasbecomethemostpressingenvironmentalproblem.

D.Thereislessplasticintheairthaninoceansandrivers.

13.Whatdidtheresearchersfindoutaboutmicroplasticpollution?

A.Itsresultsdifferacrossmanycontinents.

B.AfricaandAsiaaresufferingmostfromit.

C.Roadsandfieldsarelargelytoblameforit.

D.Itspreadsfastfromonecontinenttoanother.

14.WhatshouldtheresearchersdonextaccordingtoProfessorAndreasStohl?

A.Topredictthepotentialdamageofmicroplastics.

B.Tounderstandthenatureofmicroplasticpollution.

C.Toimprovethemethodofcollectingsamplesofmicroplastics.

D.Tocollectmoredatatounderstandthesourcesofmicroplastics.

15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthistext?

A.Effectsofmicroplasticsonhumanhealth

B.Microplasticpollutionontheglobalscale

C.Possiblesolutionstomicroplasticpollution

D.Microplasticpollutionrisingquicklyintheair

二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题，共10.0分)

“Lookingup,Ifindthemoonbright；Bowing,inhomesicknessPmdrowned.'*WhenIfeomaGladysfrom

Nigeria,firstreadthelinefromLiBai'sThoughtsonaTranquilNight,thegirlfeltthepoet*sexperiences

andemotions(情感)."Ican*thelpbutfeelhomesick,"saidGladys,22,whoisstudyingChinese

LanguageandLiteratureatSouthwestUniversity.

Fromthenon,theNigeriangirlfellinlovewithancientChinesepoetry.(1)Forexample,

inLiBai'spoemHardIstheWayoftheWorld,Gladysfelttheambitionandfaithoftilepoet.While

readingCaoCao*sAShortSong,shelearnedthatlifeisshortandthusweshouldletgoofthedifficulties

wecouldn'tovercomeandvaluethepresent.(2)Inhereyes,itishowitcantraveloverthe

mountainsandspreadfromtheancientpasttothepresent,butneverchangeitsoriginalintention,keeping

itstruthandemotionalweight.

"Thisiswhatmanypopularnovelsandonlinearticlesareunabletodo,"saidtheNigeriangirl.(3)

Forexample,LiBaiwrote,"Heavenhasmadeustalents；we'renotmadeinvain.Athousandgold

coinsspent,morewillturnupagain."About1,000yearslater,Goethe,aGermanpoet,wouldsay

somethingquitesimilar-(4)''Behindthebeautifulpoems,Idiscoveredthewisdomofthe

Chinesepeople,thecharmofChineseculture,andtheworldwidebasisofChinesecultureaswell,'*said

Gladys.

Now,thegirlhopestobecomeaprofessionaltranslator.(5)

A.ShelearnedChinesecultureandwisdomthroughit.

B.WhatisthemostattractivepartofancientChinesepoetry?

C.ShegraduallyfoundforeignpoemsaredifferenttoChinesepoems.

D.HowcanancientChinesepoetryattractsomanypeoplearoundtheworld?

E.Thepersonbornwithatalentismeanttouseitandwillfindgreathappiness.

F.ShewantstopromoteChinesecultureandconnectChinawiththewholeworld.

G.Butshe'smoresurprisedhowtheculturalqualityofChinesepoetrycanreach

audiencesworldwide.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大题共20小题，共30.0分)

Iwassittinginachairhavingcoffeewhenatextmessagefromaformercolleaguewokemefrommy

daydreams.

"Doyouwantto(1)yourrockingchair?"

Itaughtgrades1-2fbr17years，andmydreamsasateacherweretiedtothatrockingchair.ltwasa(2)

ideatohaveitinmyclass.Everydayafterbreaktime,theclasswould(3)aroundand

listentothestoryIwasreading.Whenthestudentsareclose,theyfindthe(4)tosharetheir

stories,dreamsandfears.Thechairwaspartofmy(5),partofme.

(6),Ibecameunwellandcouldn*tkeepteaching.Iexperienced(7)anxietyandat

lastIwasforcedto(8)thejob.Withmylifeasateacherover,Ineededanewpath.AndIdidnrt

havetolookfar.

MyhusbandandI(9)oneofmyformerstudentsin2017.Thecomplexityofparentingachild

whocametousat9yearsoldchangedourlivesin(10)ways.Butitinspiredthepartofmethat

(11)beingaparent.Wespent(12)hoursstayingwithbooks-healing,bondingand

solidifyingourfamily,whichgavemeanewpurpose.

Ijoineda(13)groupoflocalmoms.Foraboutayear,Imetwiththemweeklyforwalksor

coffee.Wecametogetherto(14),andthenIstartedgivingandreceivinghelp,Igavedriving

practicetoasinglemomwithherlearner'slicenseandreceivedemotionalsupportin(15)Ialso

tookhersononhikesaroundthecity.Anotherwomanencouragedmetobuyastand-uppaddleboardand

gavemelessons.

Myfamily,mybooks,(16)anewpurposeandbelonginginacommunity-thesearefulfilling

thesenseofselfIusedto(17)asateacher.Ilearnedmy(18)doesn'tneedtochange,

Fmstillhonoringthosecore(核心的)values(19)I'mworkingasateacher.Whataboutthat

rockingchair?Ilookedbackatthetextmessage,Myanswerwasno,andIdon'tneedthechair.I'llletit

gotoanew(20)!

21.A.giveawayB.putbackC.sendoutD.pickup

22.A.ridiculousB.magicalC.strangeD.simple

23.A.gatherB.turnC.lookD.run

24.A.excuseB.inspirationC.courageD.comfort

25.A.goalB.jobC.furnitureD.entertainment

26.A.UnfortunatelyB.UnusuallyC.UnbelievablyD.Unfairly

27.A.naturalB.vagueC.severeD.slight

28.A.challengeB.changeC.chooseD.quit

29.A.adoptedB.taughtC.rescuedD.helped

30.A.flexibleB.unexpectedC.upsettingD.separate

31.A.imaginesB.triesC.enjoysD.considers

32.A.countlessB.sleeplessC.endlessD.speechless

33.A.wisdomB.supportC.familyD.service

34.A.cooperateB.shareC.improveD.learn

35.A.reliefB.realityC.responseD.return

36.A.findingB.confirmingC.acceptingD.understanding

37.A.experienceB.developC.trainD.prize

38.A.characterB.identityC.determinationD.sense

39.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why

40.A.purposeB.teacherC.positionD.parent

四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共15.0分)

41.Fromwritingpoetrytomakingmusic,ChatGPT(1)(amaze)theworldsince

itslaunchinlate2022bytheUS-basedcompanyOpenALItevenpassedseverallawexamsinfour

coursesattheUniversityofMinnesota,US,accordingtoCNNTheAIprogramcananswerquestions

onalargenumberoftopics,andwriteessays,storiesandanyotherwrittentextsyoucanthinkof.It

doesthisbydrawingoninformation(2)(collect)fromalargecorpus(语料库)of

textdata.

WhatmakesChatGPTsoimpressive?AsSamAltman,theCEOofOpenAIsaidinaninterview,

"It'snotactually(3)(fundamental)newtechnologythatmadeChatGPThavea

moment/*

AccordingtoMITTechnologyReview,ChatGPTisbasedonalargelanguagemodel.Becausetexts

aremorecomplex(4)themeaningofeverywordcombined,languagemodelsrequirea

typeofneural(神经的)networkthatcanmakesenseoftexts.

Onebreakthroughbehindtoday'smodels(5)(be)anetworkcalledTransformer,invented

byGoogleresearchers.Theneuralnetworkcaninfer(6)thewordmeansbytrackingwhere

itappearsinasentence.Transformercanthereforecollectthemeaningoftextsmoreaccurately.

TheGPTmodelsbuiltbyOpenAIcombinedTransformerwithunsupervisedearning,(7)

(mean)thatthemodelscanlearnbythemselveswithoutbeingtoldwhattolookat.ChatGPTcan

nowgeneratehuman-likeresponsesinstantlydue(8)thelargescaleoftextsitlearnedfrom.

"Oneofthebiggest(9)(problem)withChatGPTisthatitcomesback,veryconfidently,

withfalsecontents."MichaelWooldridgeattheAlanTuringInstituteinLondon,UK,toldThe

Guardian.ThismeansChatGPTdoesn'tknowthetruthabouttheworld-itlearnsinformationfrom

(10)(variety)resourcesbutitcannotdecidewhatistrueorfalse.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、短文改错(本大题共1小题，共10.0分)

42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共

有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(A),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：(1)每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

(2)只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

TheotherdaymyparentsandItooktriptoEmeiMountaininSichuan.Asisknown,it'safamous

mountainwithdifferentkindofplantsandanimals.Theweatherwasfineandwewereonhigh

spirits.ltwasaboutnoonwhileweaiTivedatthefootofthemountain.Wewereveryexcited.Aswe

climbedthemountain,wefeedmonkeys,visitedtemplesandtoldstories.Onthewayup,Iwasbusy

tookphotossincethescenerywasbeautifulandattractively.Timepassedquickly,andbeforewe

knewit,nighthasfallen.Wespentthenightinahotelatthetopofthemountain.Thefoodwas

expensiveandtheservicewasgood.IwassotiredthatIfellasleepthemomentmyheadtouchedat

thepillow.

六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）

43.假如你校正在开展主题为“ThePowerofSports”的征文比赛，请根据以下要点用英语写一

篇短文参赛。

（1）体育运动的益处；

（2）体育精神的力量。

注意：

（1）词数100左右；

（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

ThePowerofSports

答案和解析

1〜3.【答案】B、C、C

【解析】（1）细节理解题。由本文HighSchoolStudioWorkshops部分中的关键句Duringtheworkshop,

NationalGalleryofArteducatorswillencouragestudentstolookcarefullyatworksofartandthenshare

theirresponsesandtheywillinspirestudentstodeveloptheoriesbasedontheirobservations.（在研讨会

期间，国家美术馆的教育工作者将鼓励学生仔细观察艺术作品，然后分享他们的反应，他们将激

励学生根据他们的观察提出理论。）可知，学生在HighSchoolStudioWorkshops可以做的是提出

他们自己的艺术理论，故选B。

（2）细节理解题。由本文MuseumMakers：ExploringArtandMuseums部分中的关键句

Participantswillgainaninsider'sviewofhowanartmuseumworks.（参与者将获得，一个艺术博物馆如

何工作的内部观点。）可知，学生能从MuseumMakers：ExploringArtandMuseums这里学到关

于博物馆是如何工作的相关知识，故选C。

（3）细节理解题。由本文Grades7-12,90minutes（7-12年级，90分钟）部分中的关键句

Amaximumof30students（minimumof15）willbeacceptedateachsession.（每节最多接纳30名

学生（最少15名）。）可知，25名10年级学生可以参加创意写作课程。故选C。

这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个国家美术馆的高中课程。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有

标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；

其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，

带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强

的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，

才能做到稳、准。

4〜7.【答案】D、C、A、C

【解析】（1）词句猜测题。由本文第二段中划线词前面句子Everytimesomethinggetsinmypath

（每次有东西挡住我的路。）和后面句子Ineedlolosetheroadrage,andfast!（我得快点改掉路怒

症！）推断出作者有路怒症，所以每次有东西挡了作者的路，作者就会变得非常生气。故划线词

意思是"变得非常生气"。A.Pickupspeed.加速；B.Driveoff.开车离开；C.Feelquitenervous.

感觉很紧张；D.Becomeveryangry.变得非常愤怒。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。由本文第三段中的关键句Thisyear,

Iwanttostopfeelingguiltyfornotkeepingacleanerhouse,

forspendingtimeawayfrommychildrentobewithfriends,

fornotattendingeverypartybecauseI'dratherbeathome,orforwatchingTVwhenIshouldbereading

（今年，我想不再为没有保持一个干净的房子而感到内疚，为花时间远离孩子和朋友在一起而感

到内疚，为因为宁愿呆在家里而没有参加每一个聚会而感到内疚，为在我应该读书的时候看电视

而感到内疚。）推断出在此之前，在看电视上浪费时间让作者感到内疚。故选C。

（3）细节理解题。由本文第四段中的关键句

Thelastisfear.Fearhasheldmeback.Fearoffailurehaspreventedmefrombeingawriter.Fearofemba

rrassmenthaspreventedmefromgivinganopinion.Fearofrejectionhasstoppedmefromaiminghigher

inmylife.（最后是恐惧。恐惧阻碍了我。对失败的恐惧使我无法成为一名作家。由于害怕尴尬，

我不敢发表意见。对拒绝的恐惧让我无法在生活中追求更高的目标。）推断出恐惧阻碍了作者实

现自己的目标。故选A。

（4）推理判断题。由本文最后一段中的关键句Nexttime,

Ihopemycolleaguelooksmeintheeyetoseemyglowinsteadofpinchingpartofmethathasnothingt

odowithhowgreatIreallylook.（下次，我希望我的同事能看着我的眼睛，看到我容光焕发的样子，

而不是掐我身上那些与我看起来有多棒无关的部分。）结合上文提到作者想要克服的三样东西推

知，作者期望从她的减肥计划中获得乐观，不再内疚、容易生气和恐惧。故选C。

这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者为了减肥而克服了三样东西。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有

标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；

其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，

带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强

的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，

才能做到稳、准。

8〜11.【答案】A、A、D、C

【解析】（1）词句猜测题。由本文第二段中的关键句Theideaissimple,

butrevolutionary-combiningaresidentialhomefortheelderlywithanurseryschoolinthesamebuil

ding.Thechildrenandtheresidentseatlunchtogetherandshareactivities.（这个想法很简单，但具有

革命性一将养老院和幼儿园合并在同一一栋楼里。孩子们和一起吃午饭，分享活动。）推断出

这个想法把老人院和幼儿园结合了起来，让孩子们和老人们一起吃午饭，分享活动。故划线词意

思是"老人"。A.Oldpeople.老人；B.Schoolteachers.学校老师；C.Assistants.助手;D.Staff.

员工。故选A。

（2）细节理解题。由本文第一段中的关键句

Grandmothertalkedalotabouthowmuchshemissedseeinghergrandchildren,

butIknewfrommysisterthattheyhatedgoingtovisitherthere.（祖母经常说她多么想念孙子孙女们，

但我从姐姐那里知道，他们不喜欢去那里看她。）以及第三段中的关键句

Theresidentsarehappybecausetheyfeelusefulandneeded.（老人们很高兴，因为他们觉得自己是有

用的和被需要的。）推断出作者祖母住的那所房子里的老人感到孤独和无用。故选A。

（3）细节理解题。由本文第四段中的关键句

Nowadaysthereislessandlesscontactbetweentheoldandtheyounginanincreasingnumberofcountr

ies.（如今，在越来越多的国家，老年人和年轻人之间的接触越来越少。）推断出作者认为当今社

会的主要问题是老年人和年轻人之间没有太多的接触。故选D。

（4）推理判断题。由本文最后一一段的内容That'swhyintergenerationalprograms,

designedtobringtheoldandtheyoungtogether,aregrowinginpopularityallovertheworld.（这就是

为什么旨在将老年人和年轻人结合在一起的代际计划在世界各地越来越受欢迎。）推断出这篇文

章后面可能会讨论成功的代际项目的例子。故选C。

这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了养老院的老人总是觉得孤独和不被需要，法国有了一个把老人

院和幼儿园结合在一栋楼里的想法，介绍了这一做法的好处。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有

标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；

其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，

带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强

的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，

才能做到稳、准。

12〜15.【答案】A、C、D、D

【解析】（1）推理判断题。由本文第二段中的关键句

Theresearcherssaidthatbreathingintheseparticlescanbeharmfultolungtissueandleadtoseriousdis

eases.（研究人员表示，吸入这些颗粒会对肺组织有害，并导致严重的疾病。）推断出这些颗粒会

对我们的肺部造成巨大的伤害。故选A。

（2）细节理解题。由本文第六段中的关键句Theyfoundthatroadswerethemainfactor（因素）

inthewesternUS,linkedtoabout85%ofthemicroplasticsintheair.（他们发现，道路是美国西部的

主要因素，空气中约85%的微塑料都与道路有关。）以及第七段的内容

Theresearchersextendedtheirmodelingworktoagloballevelandthissuggestedthatwhileroadsareal

solikelytobethemajordriverofairborneplasticsinEurope,SouthAmericaandAustralia,

plasticparticlesblownupfromfieldsmaybeamuchbiggerfactorinAfricaandAsia.（研究人员将他们

的建模工作扩展到全球水平，这表明在欧洲、南美和澳大利亚，道路也可能是空气中塑料的主要

驱动因素，而在非洲和亚洲，来自田野的塑料颗粒可能是一个更大的因素。）推断出地区之间空

气传播的塑料污染的主要因素是不同的，道路和田地在很大程度上是罪魁祸首。故选C。

（3）细节理解题。由本文最后一段Professor

AndreasStohloftheUniversityofVienna'sFacultyofEarthSciencessaid,"Thestudyconfirmsthegl

obal-scale（全球规模的）

natureofmicroplastictransportintheatmosphereanddoesagoodjobinhighlightinghighlyrelevantan

dconcerningpossibilities,butmoremeasurementdataisneededtogetabetterideaofthesources."（维

也纳大学地球科学学院的安德烈亚斯♦斯托尔教授说："这项研究证实了大气中微塑料运输的全球

范围性质，并在强调高度相关和令人担忧的可能性方面做得很好，但需要更多的测量数据来更好

地了解来源。"）推断出根据AndreasStohl教授的介绍，研究的下一步是获得更多数据，以了解微

塑料的来源。故