【课件】Unit+2+Reading+and+Thinking课件人教版选择性必修第三册

人教版（2019）选择性必修三Unit2HealthyLifestyleReadingandThinkingLearntodevelopgoodhealthhabits

LearningobjectivesBytheendofthissection,youwillbeableto:1.learnaboutthehabitcycleanditsthreestages;2.practicereadingatexttofindoutthemainideaofeachparagraph;3.practicereadingatextfordetailedinformation;4.learnaboutthestructureofanexposition;5.mastersomeimportantwordsandphrases;6.useknowledgefromthetexttobreakbadhabits.本单元的引言出自古罗马诗人维吉尔。他认为，身体的健康和心灵的安乐对人类的福祉至关重要。财富不仅仅指物质上的富足，还包括一切有价值的东西。失去了健康，再多的物质财富也无法弥补。所以，健康是一个人最重要的财富。Thegreatestwealthishealth.——Virgil健康是最重要的财富。——维吉尔Lead-inLookanddiscuss:1.Howdoyouthinkthepeoplefeelinthephotos?2.Doyouthinktheyareallleadingahealthylifestyle?Whyorwhynot?Ithinktheyareleadingahealthy

lifestylebecausetheyarenotby

themselvesandareoutsideanddoing

exerciseaswellascreativeactivities.Ithinkthesepeoplefeelhappyand

healthy,

astheylookactiveandcheerful.1.Arebadhabitseasytochange?Whyorwhynot?2.Whathabitsdoyouthinkareunhealthy?3.Whatcanyoudotocorrectthesebadhabits?Unhealthyhabitsincludesmoking,eatingtoomuch,playingtoomuchonyourcomputerorphone,andnotdoingenoughexercise.Badhabitsarehardtochangebecauseweareusuallydoingsomethingwereallylike,butwearedoingittoomuch.Ithinkpeoplecancorrectthesebadhabitsbythinkingaboutthemmoreanddecidingtheywillfeelbetterandhappieriftheystopthem.Pre-readingBeforeyouread,discussthesequestionsingroups.While-readingReadthetitleandskimthetext.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.Whatisthetexttype?3.Who’stheintendedreader?2.Whydidthewriterwritethistext?A.NarrationB.ExpositionC.ArgumentationToexplainateenageproblemandsuggestpossiblesolutions.Ortobeexact,tointroducehowhabitsareformedandhowtochangebadhabitsandcreatenewones.Theintendedreadersareyoungpeople,especiallyteenagers.Readthetextquickly.Figureoutthetopicsentenceandmainideaofeachparagraph.Para.1:Asteenagersgrowup,theybecomemoreindependentandstartmakingtheirowndecisions.However,duringthisperiod,itcanbeeasyforsomeofthemtoformbadhabits.Thesebadhabits,ifleftunchecked,couldleadtomoreseriousoneswhentheybecomeadults.Forexample,someofthemmaybecomeinvolvedin

tobacco

or

alcoholabuse,whichcanleadtophysicalandmentalhealthproblems.Topreventharmfulhabitslikethesefrom

dominating

ateenager’slifeisessential.Theymustlearntorecognisebadhabitsearlyandmakeappropriatechanges.Mainidea:Whybadteenagehabitsshouldbechanged.FindthemainideaofaparagraphThemainideaissometimesstatedineithertheopeningorclosingsentence.Ifnot,lookforanother“standout”sentence,orsummarisetheparagraphinyourmindbyaskingyourself,“Whatisitmainlyabout?”Para.2:Tochangebadhabitsisnevereasy,evenwithmanyattempts.ThereisafamoussayingbasedonthephilosophyofAristotle:“Wearewhatwerepeatedlydo.”Inmanyways,ourlifestyleisthesumofchoiceswehavemade.Wemakeachoicetodosomething,andthenwerepeatitoverandoveragain.Soonthatchoicebecomesautomaticandformsahabitthatismuchhardertochange.Thegoodnewsisthatwecanchange,ifweunderstandhowhabitswork.Mainidea:Whatahabitis.Para.3:Accordingtomodernpsychology,wemustfirstlearnaboutthe“habitcycle”,whichworkslikethis:Firstly,thereisa“cue”,anaction,event,orsituationthatactsasasignaltodosomething.Secondly,thereisa“routine”,theregularactionyoutakeinresponsetothecue.Thirdly,thereisthe“reward”,thegoodthingorfeelingwegetfromtheroutine.Forexample,whenwefeelunhappy(cue),weeatlotsofunhealthysnacks(routine),whichmakesusfeelhappy(reward).Therewardmakesusmuchmorelikelytocontinuethecycle,andthebadhabitofrelyingonunhealthysnacksisformed.Mainidea:Thecycleofhowhabitsareformed.Para.4:Tofacilitateapositivechangeinourbadhabits,wemustfirstexamineourbadhabitcyclesandthentrytoadaptthem.Wecandothisbycombiningtheinformationfromourhabitcycleswithourownpositiveideas.Forexample,wecouldtrytoreplaceanegativeroutinewithsomethingmorepositive.So,whenwefeelunhappyagain(cue),ratherthaneatsnacks,wecouldlistentosomeofourfavouritemusicinstead(routine),whichwillmakeusfeelrelaxed(reward).Asidefromchangingbadhabits,wecanalsousethehabitcycletocreategoodhabits.Forexample,whenwecometoanescalator(cue),ournormalroutineistorideit,butwecouldchangethisroutineintosomethingmorepositivebytakingthestairsinstead.Mainidea:Howtochangeabadhabitandcreategoodones.Para.5:Manyofustrytochangebadhabitsquickly,andifwearenotsuccessfulstraightaway,weoftenbecomepessimisticandgiveup.Infact,themostsuccessfulwaytochangeisnotsuddenly,butoveraperiodoftime.AstheChinesephilosopherLaoziwrote,“Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.”Onestepseemssmall,butitisessential.Toreachthegoalofchange,apersonmustshowsomedisciplineandrepeatedlytakemanysmallsteps.Afterall,itisnoteasytobreakbadhabits.Mainidea:Changehabitsgradually.Para.6:Foryoungpeople,thereisplentyoftimetochangebadhabits.However,thereisno“magicpill”ordeletebuttonthatwillhelpyou;youhavetothinkaboutyourbadhabitsanddecideonsomechanges.Youhavethepowertobuildahappyandhealthylifefullofgoodhabits!Mainidea:Noeasywaytochangebadhabits.A.HowtochangeabadhabitandcreategoodonesB.ThecycleofhowhabitsareformedC.HabitsthatcanhelpusstudybetterD.ChanginghabitsgraduallyE.NoeasywaytochangebadhabitsF.WhatahabitisG.WhybadteenagehabitsshouldbechangedReadthetextandfindoutwhatmainideasareincludedinit.Tickthecorrectones.Para.1:Whybadteenagehabitsshouldbechanged.Para.2:Whatahabitis.Para.3:Thecycleofhowhabitsareformed.Para.4:Howtochangeabadhabitandcreategoodones.Para.5:Changehabitsgradually.Para.6:Noeasywaytochangebadhabits.Readtounderstandthestructureofthetext.FindouttheproblemAnalyzetheproblemSolvetheproblemConclusionPart1(Para.1)Part2(Paras.2-5)Part3(Para.6)WhybadteenagehabitsshouldbechangedWhatahabitisandhowtochangebadhabitsNoeasywaytochangebadhabitsReadthetextagainandanswerthequestions.Post-reading1.Howcanachoiceleadtoahabit?3.Whatshouldwedotochangeabadhabit?2.Whatarethethreestagesofthehabitcycle?Achoicecanleadtoahabitifwemake

thesamechoiceoverandoveragain.Thethreestagesofthehabitcyclearethecue,

routine,

andreward.Tochangeabadhabit,weshould

examineourhabitcyclesandthentry

toadaptthem.THEHABITCYCLECUEREWARDROUTINE4.Howcanapersonusedisciplinetohelpchangeabadhabit?5.Willyouusethehabitcycletobreakyourbadhabits?Whyorwhynot?Apersoncanusedisciplinetochange

abadhabitbytakingmanysmall

stepstoreachthegoalofchange.Iwillusethehabitcycletobreak

abadhabitofusingmyphonetoo

muchbecauseIwanttospendmore

timereadingbooksandplaying

sports.Workingroups.Completethetasks.1.Thinkofonebadhabitandwritedownthecue,routine,andreward.Thencomeupwithanideaofhowtobreakthebadhabit.2.Doyouknowanyalternativewaystobetterhabits?Discusswithyourpartnerwhichwayyouthinkismosteffective.Cue:

Boredom/Waiting/Beinganxious

Routine:

BitingnailsReward:

Stressrelief/DistractionBreakthehabit:

Chewgum,getastress

ballorfidgetspinnertohold,weargloves

orstickersonyournailsAlternativewaystobetterhabits:·Tellsomeoneelsewhatyouwantto

change.

Peerpressurefromsomeone

elsewillhelp.·Fineyourself.

Everytimeyoudothe

badhabit,

putasmallamountofmoney

inabox.·Makeithardertodothehabit.For

example,

hideyourfavouriteappson

yourphonesoitismore

ofahassleto

gettothem.·Changeyourenvironment.

Ifthehabit

happensincertainplacesorwithcertain

people,

avoidthem!WordsandExpressions

Forexample,someofthemmaybecomeinvolvedintobaccooralcoholabuse,whichcanleadtophysicalandmentalhealthproblems.(P14)

例如，一些青少年可能吸烟成瘾或酗酒，造成身心健康问题。abuse

/əˈbjuːs/

n.

滥用；虐待；辱骂

/əˈbjuːz/

vt.

滥用；虐待；辱骂搭配alcohol/drugabuse

酗酒；嗜毒

childabuse

虐待儿童

例句Abusecanleadtobothpsychologicalandemotionalproblems.

虐待可造成心理和情绪上的问题。

Sheabusedherpositionasprincipalbygivingjobstoherfriends.

她滥用自己作为校长的职权，把工作安排给朋友们。1

Topreventharmfulhabitslikethesefromdominatingateenager’slifeisessential.

(P14)

防止此类有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。dominate

/ˈdɒmɪneɪt/

vt.&vi.

支配；控制；占有优势拓展

dominant

adj.强大的，有优势的，突出的

domination

n.

统治；控制

例句Thebookisexpectedtodominatethebest-sellerlists.

这本书预计会占据畅销书排行榜的榜首。Hetendedtodominatetheconversation.

他往往左右着交谈的内容。2

Accordingtomodernpsychology,wemustfirstlearnaboutthe“habitcycle”,whichworkslikethis:...(P14)

根据现代心理学，我们必须首先了解“习惯循环”，其工作原理如下：……psychology

/saɪˈkɒlədʒi/

n.

心理学；心理；心理影响搭配educational/socialpsychology

教育心理学/社会心理学拓展

psychological

adj.心理的，精神的

psychologist

n.

心理学家

例句Psychologyisbydefinitionthescientificstudyofthemind.心理学，顾名思义，是研究人们心理的科学。3

Secondly,thereisa“routine”,theregularactionyoutakeinresponsetothecue.(P14)

第二是“惯常行为”，即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。inresponseto

回答；答复（其中to为介词，其后接名词、代词或v-ing形式作宾语）

例句Sheopenedthedoorinresponsetotheknockatthedoor.

她听到敲门声，打开了门。Theproductwasdevelopedinresponsetocustomerdemand.

这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。4

Thirdly,thereisthe“reward”,thegoodthingorfeelingwegetfromtheroutine.(P14)

第三是“回报”，即我们从惯常行为中获得的美好事物或感受。reward

/rɪˈwɔːd/

n.

回报；奖励；报酬

vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬搭配rewardsbwithsth

用某物奖励某人rewardsbfor(doing)sth

因（做）某事而奖赏/酬谢某人拓展

rewarding

adj.值得做的，有益的，有意义的

例句Youdeservearewardforbeingsohelpful.

你帮了这么大的忙，理应受到奖励。Shewasrewardedforhereffortswithacashbonus.

她因自己所做的努力而得到了一笔奖金。5

Therewardmakesusmuchmorelikelytocontinuethecycle,andthebadhabitof

relyingonunhealthysnacksisformed.(P15)

这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食这一不良

习惯。rely

/rɪˈlaɪ/

vi.

依赖；依靠；信赖relyon

依赖；依靠；信赖搭配relyonsb/sthtodosth

指望某人/某物做某事

例句ManystudentsnowrelyontheInternetforinformation.

很多学生现在靠因特网获取信息。Itwouldbebettertorelyonourselvesthanonothers.

与其求人，不如求己。6

Tofacilitateapositivechangeinourbadhabits,wemustfirstexamineourbadhabitcyclesandthentrytoadaptthem.(P15)

为了促进我们不良习惯的积极改变，我们必须首先审视我们的不良习惯循环，

然后尝试去改变它们。facilitate

/fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/

vt.促进；促使；使便利拓展

facilitation

n.促进；便利

例句Thenewairportwillfacilitatethedevelopmentoftourism.

新机场将促进旅游业的发展。Moderninventionsfacilitatehousework.

许多现代发明使家务劳动变得便利了。7

Tofacilitateapositivechangeinourbadhabits,wemustfirstexamineourbadhabitcyclesandthentrytoadaptthem.(P15)

为了促进我们不良习惯的积极改变，我们必须首先审视我们的不良习惯循环，

然后尝试去改变它们。examine

/ɪɡˈzæmɪn/

vt.（仔细）检查；审查；测验搭配examinesthforsth

检查某物以寻找（毛病、错误等）examinesbin/onsth

在某方面对某人进行测试拓展

examination

n.考试（=exam）；审查，检查

例句Weexaminethewordingindetailbeforedecidingonthefinaltext.

我们彻底仔细地检查了措辞后才最终定稿。8

Forexample,wecouldtrytoreplaceanegativeroutinewithsomethingmorepositive.(P15)

例如，我们可以试着将一个消极的惯常行为替换为一个更积极的东西。negative

/ˈneɡətɪv/

adj.

消极的；有害的；否定的搭配negativeanswer/reply/response

消极的回答/回应

例句Thecrisishadanegativeeffectontrade.

这次危机对贸易产生了很坏的影响。Scientistshaveafairlynegativeattitudetothetheory.

科学家对这个理论的态度是相当消极的。9

Manyofustrytochangebadhabitsquickly,andifwearenotsuccessfulstraightaway,weoftenbecomepessimisticandgiveup.(P15)

我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，我们往往变得悲观，

继而放弃。straightaway

立即；马上拓展

straightoff

立即；马上

例句Healwaystacklesproblemsstraightaway.He’snotthekindof

person

toletthegrassgrowunderhisfeet.

他不是那种懒散的人，总是一有问题就马上处理。10

Manyofustrytochangebadhabitsquickly,andifwearenotsuccessfulstraightaway,weoftenbecomepessimisticandgiveup.(P15)

我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，我们往往变得悲观，

继而放弃。pessimistic

/ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/

adj.

悲观的；悲观主义的搭配bepessimisticabout...

对……悲观拓展

pessimism

n.悲观；悲观主义pessimist

n.悲观主义者

例句Peopletendtobecomepessimisticandloseconfidenceinadverse

circumstances.

在逆境之中，人容易变得悲观，失去信心。11

Toreachthegoalofchange,apersonmustshowsomedisciplineandrepeatedlytakemanysmallsteps.(P15)

为了实现改变这一目标，一个人必须展示出一定程度的自制力，不断地迈出许

多小步。discipline

/ˈdɪsəplɪn/

n.

自制力；纪律；学科

vt.自我控制；管教；处罚

搭配disciplineyourself(todosth)

严格要求自己，约束自己（去做某事）拓展

disciplined

adj.遵守纪律的