丰台区高三二学期综合练习（二）英语试题

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精丰台区2020年高三年级第二学期综合练习（二）英语试题本试卷满分共120分考试时间100分钟注意事项:1。答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、年级、班级、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的准考证号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区"贴好条形码。2。本次考试所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效,在试卷、草稿纸上答题无效。4.请保持答题卡卡面清洁，不要装订、不要折叠、不要破损。第一部分：知识运用(共两节,45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。EsiasBedingaralwaysknewhewantedtostudymedicine.After___1___（decide）toexperienceanewculture，hecamefromAfricatotheUSA.Therewasonechallenge:He___2___(speak）noEnglish。Butwithinjustfourmonths,hecompletedtheESLprogram。Threeyearslater,hefinishedhisundergraduatedegreeandwasacceptedtoHarvardUniversity，whereheispursuingamaster’sdegreeinpublichealth.Hesaiditwas___3___(he)dreamthatgothimtoHarvard.【答案】1.deciding2。spoke3。his【解析】这是记叙文，讲述了EsiasBedingar从非洲来到美国，尽管不会说英语,但是仅仅用4个月时间就完成了ESL课程的经历。【1题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在决定体验一种新的文化之后，他从非洲来到了美国。after为介词后接动名词.故填deciding.【2题详解】考查时态.句意:有一个挑战：他不会说英语。文章叙述的是过去的事情,用一般过去时；speak是不规则变化动词，过去式为spoke。故填spoke.【3题详解】考查代词.句意：他说是他的梦想让他进了哈佛大学.修饰名词dream，应用形容词性物主代词；he是主格，形容词性物主代词为his,意思为“他的".故填his。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空.在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Confucius(孔子),borninthedistrictofZou,neartoday'sQufucityinShandongprovince,wasaneducatorandphilosopher(哲学家)___4___foundedConfucianism,aschoolofthoughtthatdeeplyinfluencedlatergenerations。HewasthefirstChinesetosetupprivateschoolsandenrollstudentsfromallwalksoflife。Confucius___5___(regard）asasymbolofChina’straditionalculture。Nowadays，Qufuholdsmemorialeventseveryyear___6___(honor）himandpopularizehistheorytotheyoungergenerations.【答案】4.who/that5.isregarded/hasbeenregarded6.tohonor【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了孔子。他出生在山东,是一位伟大的教育学家和哲学家，创立了儒家思想，并且他也是中国第一个开设私塾广招各行各业的人为学生的人。同时，孔子也是中国传统文化的一个标志，深受年轻一代喜欢，并且人们每年都会为孔子举办纪念活动。【4题详解】考查定语从语关系代词.句意：孔子是一位伟大的教育学家和哲学家，他创立了儒家思想，这一思想也深深地影响着后人。分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句,空格处需要填关系代词,又因为定语从句的先行词是指人,定语从句指人的关系代词有who/that。故填who/that。【5题详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：孔子被认为是中国传统文化的一个标志。分析句子可知，句中主语孔子与动词regard是被动关系，且根据语境，动词时态也有两种可能：一是被认为是中国传统文化的一个标志是讲述一个客观事实，可以用一般现在时，且主语Confucius是第三人称单数，空格处可以填isregarded；二是被认为是中国传统文化的一个标志是从过去就有,到现在依旧是这样的情况，就可以用现在完成时，且主语Confucius是第三人称单数,空格处可以填hasbeenregarded.故填isregarded/hasbeenregarded.【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:曲阜每年都会举行对孔子的纪念活动，以表对孔子的尊敬.分析句子可知，句中已经有动词作谓语了，honor只能用非谓语形式，且在句中作状语,表目的，就需用动词不定式来作目的状语.故填tohonor。【点睛】非谓语是常考知识点。在试题中分析清楚句子是否有动词已作谓语，如已有谓语，并且没有连词去连接另一个动词的话，此动词就需作非谓语了，再根据句意和已有谓语来判断非谓语的正确形式。如第3小题,句中已经有动词作谓语了,honor只能用非谓语形式在句中作状语表目的,因此需用动词不定式.C阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Everythinghappensforareason。Nothinghappensbychanceorbymeansofgoodluck。Injury,___7___（ill)，love，andlostmomentsoftruegreatnessalloccurtotestthelimitsofyoursoul.___8___thesesmalltests,lifewouldbelikeastraightflatroadtonowhere。Itwouldbesafeandcomfortable,___9___dullandcompletelypointless.Thesuccessanddownfallyouexperiencehelpstocreatewhoyouareanddecide____10____yougo。【答案】7.illness8。Without9。but/yet10。where【解析】本文是议论文。万事皆有因，生活中除了幸运快乐之外还有伤害、疾病和失去，这些考验使生活更有意义，帮助我们成长。【7题详解】考查名词。句意:伤害、疾病、爱以及失去真正伟大的时刻都是对你灵魂极限的考验。和Injury，love,lostmoments并列在句中做主语,用名词.故填illness。【8题详解】考查介词。句意：没有这些小的考验，生活就像一条没有尽头的笔直平坦的道路。根据句意,此处表示“没有”，置于句首,首字母大写.故填Without。【9题详解】考查连词。句意：它虽然安全舒适，但枯燥无味,毫无意义。前后句是转折关系，故填but/yet。【10题详解】考查连接副词。句意：你经历的成功和失败会帮助你塑造你自己，决定你要去哪里。动词decide后是宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，共30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Iwasaboyofninein1960。IusedtomowthelawnforMrs。Long.Shepaidmelittleforthejob,but____11____togivemeaChristmaspresent。Ispentmuchtime____12____whatitwouldbe.ManyboyshadbaseballglovesoriceskatesandIwas____13____tohaveanyofthese。“Itwould____14____beabaseballglove,"I____15____withmyself.Shewouldn’tknowmuchaboutbaseball。SoIwas____16____thatshewouldgivemeiceskates.Ieven____17____myselfupontheskates.AsChristmasapproached，itwaswith____18____thatIstoppedmyselffromreportingtoMrs。Longanddemandingmypresent。OnDecember22，I____19____myselfatthedoorofthehouse。Mrs。Longsatmeinachairandhandedmeasmallboxwhichundernocircumstancescould_____20_____apairofskates.Iwas_____21_____。Whenliftingitfromher,Iwascuriousaboutthe_____22_____ofthepresent.Itweighedalmostnothing.“Whatisit?”Iasked.“Akindofmagic,"shesaid。Herwordswereenoughtosetmyminddancingwithnew_____23_____。Therewereotherpresentsofnormaldimensionandweight.ButMrs.Long’sboxdominatedall，forithadtodowith_____24_____.OnChristinasmorning,beforethesunwasup，Ihadthisboxonmyknees。Withgreat_____25_____Iopenedtheboxtofindinsidetensheetsofblackpaper，eachlabeledincolorfulletters,CarbonPaperRegalPremium。“Whatisit？”Iasked。Mumtooktwopiecesofwhitepaper,placedbetweenthemoneoftheblackpaper,andwrotemynameontheuppersheet.Thenshehandedmethesecondsheet,whichherpencilhadinnowaytouched.Therewasmyname！Itwasamiracletomy_____26_____mind。Inthatonemoment，I_____27_____theideasabouttheduplication（复制)ofwordsandtheprintingandthemysteryofspreadingideas.ThankMrs。Longforher_____28_____toguessthataboymightprofitfromapresenttotallyoutsidetherealm（领域）ofhis_____29_____experience.Theaveragepresent_____30_____satisfiesatemporarydesire;thegreatonelightsupalltheyearsoflifethatremain。11。A.allowed B。promised C。attempted D。reminded12.A。asking B.recalling C.proving D.wondering13.A。eager B.generous C。amused D.determined14.A.possibly B。usually C.hardly D.definitely15。A。reasoned B。inquired C.checked D。complained16.A.shocked B。convinced C。delighted D.satisfied17.A。prepared B.expected C。taught D.imagined18。A。anxiety B。patience C.difficulty D。confirmation19。A.presented B.forced C。urged D。employed20.A。cover B.hold C。include D.involve21。A.angry B.regretful C.awkward D。disappointed22.A.value B.shape C.lightness D.meaning23。A.features B.proposals C。experiences D。possibilities24。A。magic B。interest C。love D。belief25.A.surprise B。energy C。excitement D.confidence26.A。sharp B.childish. C.brilliant D.creative27.A.spread B。understood C。remembered D。practiced28.A。wisdom B。kindness C.privilege D.encouragement29。A。rich B.precious C.ordinary D。unforgettable30.A。even B。still C。once D.merely【答案】11。B12.D13.A14.C15.A16。B17。D18。C19.A20。B21.D22。C23。D24.A25。C26。B27.B28。A29.C30。D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一位老人送的礼物对“我”的影响。主要凸显自己在等待礼物过程中的心情和得到礼物后的反应。【11题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：这个工作她付给我很少的钱，但是答应我给我个圣诞礼物。A。allowed允许;B。promised承诺；C。attempted试图；D.reminded提醒。由下文中的“AsChristmasapproached（当圣诞节快来临时）”可知,Mrs。Long答应给作者圣诞礼物的时候，圣诞节还没有到来，所以是提前允诺.故选B。【12题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：我花了很多时间在想它将会是什么。A。asking问；B.recalling回想；C.proving证明；D.wondering想。由上文中“promisedtogivemeaChristmaspresent（承诺给我一个圣诞礼物）”可知，因为别人答应了给作者礼物，所以作者一直翘首企盼，一直在想着会是什么礼物。故选D。【13题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：很多男孩有棒球手套或者溜冰鞋,我很想要这些东西.A.eager热切的，渴望的；B.generous慷慨的，大方的；C。amused觉得好笑的；D.determined坚决的,果断的。由and前的“Manyboyshadbaseballglovesoriceskates（很多男孩有棒球手套或者溜冰鞋）”可知，作者也很想要这样的东西。“beeagertohave”意为“很想要拥有”，符合句意。故选A.14题详解】考查副词.句意:我自己想了想然后告诉自己：“几乎不可能是棒球手套。"A。possibly可能；B。usually常常；C。hardly几乎不；D。definitely明确地，清楚地.由下句“Shewouldn’tknowmuchaboutbaseball(她不了解棒球)"可知,她几乎不可能送作者棒球手套。故选C。【15题详解】考查动词辨析。句意同上。A。reasoned推理；B.inquired询问，查问；C。checked检查，审查；D.complained抱怨。下句“Shewouldn'tknowmuchaboutbaseball（她不了解棒球)”呈现的是作者自己推理的过程，故选A.【16题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：因此我相信她会给我一双溜冰鞋。A。shocked震惊;B.convinced使相信；C。delighted使高兴；D。satisfied使满意.根据这一段中作者的推理，大家有棒球手套和溜冰鞋，作者觉得老人不会送他棒球手球，所以作者觉得一定会送他溜冰鞋。故选B。【17题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：我甚至想象自己在冰上溜冰的样子.A.prepared准备;B.expected期望；C.taught教；D.imagined想象。根据句意可知，这段话在描述作者对圣诞礼物的猜测，作者很渴望得到溜冰鞋，所以甚至想象自己穿着溜冰鞋在冰上溜。故选D。【18题详解】考查名词辨析。句意:当圣诞节快到的时候，虽然很难做到,但是我没有向Mrs.Long去报到，也没有向她要礼物。A.anxiety焦虑，忧虑；B。patience耐心，忍耐力;C.difficulty困难，难题；D。confirmation证实，确认。根据上文中的“Ispentmuchtimewonderingwhatitwouldbe。(我花很多时间去想这个礼物会是什么)"可知，作者特别期待这个礼物，所以越是临近圣诞节越是期待。作者忍住没去Mrs。Long家报到，是很难做到的。故选C。【19题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：12月22日，我出现在房子门口。A。presented出现;B。forced迫使；C。urged敦促，催促;D。employed雇用，应用。由下句“Mrs.Longsatmeinachairandhandedme…(Mrs.Long坐在椅子上，交给我……）”可知，我到了Mrs.Long门口。故选A.【20题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：Mrs.Long坐在椅子上，交给我一个小盒子，盒子这么小，几乎没有可能是一双溜冰鞋。A。cover掩蔽，遮盖；B.hold拿着,抓住；C.include包括,包含；D.involve包含，需要.根据句意，作者根据盒子的大小猜测里边装的不可能是一双溜冰鞋。故选B.【21题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：我很失望。A.angry生气的；B。regretful令人遗憾的;C。awkward尴尬的;D。disappointed失望的。上文中写作者期待圣诞礼物是一双溜冰鞋,但是现在拿在手里的盒子这么小，不可能是一双溜冰鞋，所以作者很失望.故选D。【22题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：当我从她手里拿过礼物的时候,我很好奇礼物怎么这么轻。A.value价值;B.shape形状；C。lightness轻；D.meaning意义。由下句“Itweighedalmostnothing.（几乎没有重量。）”可知，作者好奇礼物为什么这么轻。故选C。【23题详解】考查名词辨析。句意:她的话让我又开始想象各种可能性。A.features特点；B。proposals提议，建议;C。experiences经验,实践；D。possibilities可能。根据句意，作者很好奇箱子怎么这么轻，不会是他想象的溜冰鞋，会是什么呢，作者开始想象各种可能性.故选D。【24题详解】考查名词辨析。句意:但是Mrs。Long的箱子起着重要的作用，因为它必需与魔术有关。A.magic魔术；B.interest兴趣，关注；C。love爱；D.belief信心。此空格处单词与段首Mrs。Long所说的“Akindofmagic”呼应，故选A。【25题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：怀着很激动的心情,我打开箱子，发现里边有十张黑色的纸，每张上边都写着“复写纸豪华版”。A。surprise惊奇，惊讶；B。energy精力，活力；C.excitement激动，兴奋；D.confidence自信。由上段中的“Herwordswereenoughtosetmyminddancingwithnewpossibilities（她的话让我开始想象各种可能性）”可知，作者很激动想知道里边是什么。故选C。【26题详解】考查形容词。句意:对于小孩子的思想来说，这就是奇迹。A。sharp锋利的，锐利的；B.childish孩子气的，稚嫩的;C.brilliant聪颖的；D。creative有创造力的。根据文章开始的“Iwasaboyofninein1960。（1960年,我还是一个九岁的小孩.)”可知,对于那时的自己，也就是小孩的思想来说这是个奇迹。故选B.【27题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：就在那一刻，我理解了字、画复制的含义以及传播思想的神秘。A.spread传播，散布；B.understood理解；C.remembered记得，记起;D.practiced练习，实习.根据文章最后一句中的“thegreatonelightsupalltheyearsoflifethatremain（这个礼物点亮了我以后的人生）”可知，这个礼物让作者当时理解了很多。故选B。【28题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：多亏了Mrs。Long的智慧，认为一个小男孩能从超出他一般认知领域的礼物中收益颇丰。A.wisdom智慧;B。kindness仁慈，善良；C。privilege荣幸,荣耀;D.encouragement鼓舞，鼓励.根据句意，Mrs.Long送了一个我意想不到的礼物，并且她能提前猜到我会喜欢，是很有智慧的.故选A。【29题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意同上.A.rich富有的,富裕的；B.precious宝贵的，珍贵的；C。ordinary普通的，平常的；D。unforgettable难以忘怀的。根据上文中的“Itwasamiracletomychildishmind(对于小孩的思想来说那就是奇迹)”可知，这个礼物超出了小孩子一般的认知范围。故选C。【30题详解】考查副词。句意：一般的礼物仅仅只能满足暂时的欲望，一个好的礼物能够点亮未来的人生。A.even甚至；B.still还是,仍然;C。once曾经；D。merely仅仅，只不过。根据句意，将一般的礼物与好的礼物形成对比,一般的礼物紧急只能满足暂时的欲望。故选D。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.AAsanexcellentinternationalorganizationtodeliverbothcampingandanacademicopportunity，EaglesLandingInternational（ELI）offersschool—agedstudentstheopportunitytoexperiencetargetedacademicprograms，globalleadershipdevelopment，andexposuretoanauthenticcampingexperience。ELIACADEMICSTREAMSAtELI，wecreategloballeadersbyintegratingcampingwithpersonalizedacademicactivitiesdesignedaroundourtwolearningstreams。EnglishLanguageImmersion--WebelievethatthebestwaytolearnalanguageistolivethatlanguagePersonalizedactivitiespreparecamperstobeassuccessfulaspossibleinachievingtheirlanguagegoals。DailyinteractionswithourAmericancampersgivecamperstheopportunitytoapplynewlyacquiredlanguageskills.GlobalLeadership——ForthosewhohaveamoreadvancedEnglishlanguagelevel，wedesignactivitiesthatteachtheskillsbasedonculturalintelligence，communicationstrategies，aswellascriticalthinkingthatarenecessaryintoday’smodem，globalsociety.ELICAMPLIFEWithafocusonthedevelopmentofsocial—emotionalandphysicalwell-being,ELIcamperswillgrowasglobalcommunitymembersandleaders.AccommodationOurInternationalVillageprovidestheultimatesecurityandpeaceofmindinanenvironmentbeneficialtolearningandsocialinteraction.Maleandfemalecamperswillbehousedonseparatefloorswithon—dutysupervision（监督）24hoursaday。MealplanStudent—camperswillbeprovidedwithbreakfast，lunch,anddinneraswellasamorningfruitbreak。Specialdietaryneedscanusuallybeaccommodatedwithadvancednotice.Totrulyappreciatethewayitinspiresourstudent—camperstolearn，perform，andcompeteatthehighestlevelseveryday,joinusinSouthFloridaforanunforgettableexperience.ELITypicalWeeklyScheduleMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFriday&SaturdaySunday9：15—9：55AcademicsAcademicsAcademicsAcademicsShorttrips:Beach,Disney,Universal,WaterPark,etc。Clean-up9:55-10:10FruitBreakFruitBreakFruitBreakFruitBreak10:10—10：50AcademicsAcademicsAcademicsAcademicsBrunch10:55-11:30BasketballWaterSlideYogaTrackSwim11:35—12：35SwimSwimSwimSwim13：35—14：15MusicScience＆NatureMusicScience&NatureHousekeeping14:20—14：35IceCreamIceCreamIceCreamIceCream14：40—16：00RestHourRestHourRestHourRestHourWeights，Gym,Field16:00-16：40AcademicsAcademicsAcademicsAcademics19:30-20:30EveningProgramEveningProgramEveningProgramEveningProgramEveningProgram31.WhatdoesELIofferitscampers？A.Overseastrips。B。Aflexibleschedule.C。Safeaccommodation。D。Mealsfromdifferentcountries.32.WhatmakesELIdifferentfromothercamps？A.Itprovidesprogramsbyagegroup。B.Itfocusesondevelopingsocialskills。C。Itcreatesanewwayoflearninglanguages.D.Itcombinescampingwithacademicprograms。33.AccordingtoELITypicalWeeklySchedule，campers_______.A。arefreeintheeveningB.canenjoyavarietyofsportsC。arequitebusywithacademicsD.areexpectedtoplantheirweekends【答案】31。C32。D33.B【解析】这是一篇广告类应用文.文章主要介绍一个将露营和学术项目相结合的国际组织，包括它的具体活动、食宿安排和具体课程安排。【31题详解】推理判断题.根据文章“Accommodation"部分最后一句“Maleandfemalecamperswillbehousedonseparatefloorswithon—dutysupervision（监督）24hoursaday。”可知，在住宿方面,ELI按性别将露营者安排在不同楼层，并且有全天24小时的值班监督。由此可推测,在住宿方面很安全。故选C项。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一句“Asanexcellentinternationalorganizationtodeliverbothcampingandanacademicopportunity”可知，ELI将露营和学术项目相结合。故选D项。【33题详解】细节理解题.根据课程表中时间段“10：55-11:30”相应的活动“Basketball"“WaterSlide"“Yoga”“Track”可知，ELI为露营者安排了不同的运动。故选B项。BSomethingstrangewashappeninginsideLeeAnne’shome。Duringthesummerof2014，14-year—oldJ。D。hadstomachseverepains,buthisCTscanfoundnothingwrong.LeeAnneandherhusbandlosthairandsuffereddizzinessandheadaches.LeeAnneevenlosthereyelashes.InJanuary2015,thecityofFlintsentoutanoticethatthewatersupply,switchedfromtheDetroitwatersystemtotheFlintRivertocutcost,containedhighlevelsoftrihalomethanes(三卤甲烷）.Thenoticewarnedthatpeoplewithpoorimmune(免疫的)systemsmightbeatincreasedriskforliver,kidney，andnervoussystemproblemsbutemphasizedthatthewaterwasotherwisesafetodrink.Alarmed,LeeAnneresearchedthewatersupplyandsearchedtheInternet.Thenshedistributedafactsheettocityofficials，listingthesideeffectsofexposuretotrihalomethanes.Thensheurgedherneighborstoattendcitycouncilmeetings,wheretheysharedtheirhealthproblems.Still,officialsinsistedthewaterwassafetodrink.SoLeeAnnedemandedthatthecitytestherwater.Theresultsweredisturbing.Thetrihalomethanesweretheleastofherproblems.Theleadlevelsinherwaterwerenearlyseventimesthelegalamount。Butthecitymaintainedherplumbing（管道）wasthecause.LeeAnneimmediatelyhadherchildrentestedforlead.Allthekidsshowedleadexposure。ShereadFlint’swaterqualityreportsanddiscoveredthecitywasn’tapplyingthepropercorrosion（腐蚀)controlstandardstoitspipes；thestandardspreventthemetalinpipesfromleachingintothewater.InMarch，afollow-uptestofLeeAnne'swatershowedleadlevelsnearly27timeshigherthantheEPA’sthreshold。LeeAnne’spipescouldnotberesponsibleforthehighleadlevels，sincetheywereplastic.InSeptember,VirginiaTechlabreleasedareportthatconcludedtheFlintRiverwaterwas19timesmorecorrosivethantheDetroitwater。Thegovernoreventuallyadmittedthewaterwasunsafe。HeorderedthatFlint'swatersupplybeswitchedbacktoDetroit's。InWashington，PresidentBarackObamadeclaredastateofemergencyinFlintandorderedfederalaidtohelpthecityrecover.34.HowdidLeeAnnereacttothecitynotice？A。Shehadherchildrentestedforlead.B.Sheaskedthecitytoreplaceherpipes.C。SheurgedtheofficialstotestFlint’swater.D。Shecollectedsideeffectsoftrihalomethanes.35。Whatistheleadingcauseofthefamily’shealthproblem?A。Theleadintheirwater。B.Corrosiontotheirpipes。C。Theirpoorimmunesystems。D.ExposuretoTrihalomethanes。36。Cityofficials’attitudetowardthewaterissuewas_____.A。unconcerned B。cautiousC。doubtful D.objective37.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus？A。Revealingthetruthtakestime。B.Nothingcanstopadeterminedheart。C。Ittakescouragetochallengeauthority.D.Jointeffortisthekeytosolvingproblems.【答案】34。D35.A36。A37。B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。LeeAnne一家人2014年夏天都经历了一些身体不适的状况，但是没有查出原因.2015年1月，弗林特市发出通知说，为了节省成本，水源从底特律的水改道成了弗林特河里的水，这个水被发现了三卤甲烷超标,但不影响饮用。LeeAnne对此深感怀疑，她要求进一步检查自己的水源和孩子,发现水里存在的最大问题是铅超标.经过反复确认，政府最终承认弗林特河里的水不适合饮用，再次将水源改回到底特律的水.【34题详解】细节理解题.由第三段中的“Alarmed，LeeAnneresearchedthewatersupplyandsearchedtheInternet.Thenshedistributedafactsheettocityofficials,listingthesideeffectsofexposuretotrihalomethanes。（这使她很担心，LeeAnne继续调查了水源并在网上搜集了资料。然后她向城市官员发送了一份情况说明书，列出了三卤甲烷超标会带来的副作用）”可知，城市发的通知让她很担心,所以LeeAnne搜集了三卤甲烷超标会带来的副作用，发送给了城市官员。故选D.【35题详解】细节理解题。由第四段中的“Theresultsweredisturbing.Thetrihalomethanesweretheleastofherproblems.Theleadlevelsinherwaterwerenearlyseventimesthelegalamount。（结果让人感到很不安。三卤甲烷的问题微乎其微.她们水中的铅含量是合法标准的七倍之多。）"可知，她们家庭中健康问题的主要原因是水中的铅含量超标。故选A。【36题详解】推理判断题。由第三段中的“Thensheurgedherneighborstoattendcitycouncilmeetings，wheretheysharedtheirhealthproblems.Still,officialsinsistedthewaterwassafetodrink.（她敦促邻居们去参加市议会会议，在那里他们阐述了他们的健康问题。但是，官员们仍然坚持认为水是适合饮用的。）”可知，政府官员一开始不关心水污染问题，坚持认为它是适合饮用的。A。unconcerned不关心的；B。cautious小心的，谨慎的；C。doubtful怀疑的；D.objective客观的。故选A.【37题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Thegovernoreventuallyadmittedthewaterwasunsafe。HeorderedthatFlint’swatersupplybeswitchedbacktoDetroit’s.（政府官员最终承认了水是不安全的，并命令将水源改回到底特律的水）"以及一开始政府官员坚持认为水是适合饮用的,可知，这个故事主要讲LeeAnne如何坚持不懈的努力，才让政府官员面对问题，改掉水源。由此判断出这个故事告诉我们没有什么能阻止一颗坚定的心。故选B。CTurtleshaveanunfortunatehabitofeatingplasticobjectsfloatinginthesea.Thesecannotbedigestedandmayultimatelykillthem。Itiswidelyassumedthatthisfondnessforplasticsisamatterofmistakenidentity.Driftingplasticbags，forinstance,looksimilartojellyfish（水母）,whichmanytypesofturtleslovetoeat。Yetlotsofplasticobjectsthatendupinsideturtleshavenosimilaritytojellyfish。JosephPfalleroftheUniversityofFloridathereforesuspectsthatthesmellofmarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物）whichgrowonfloatingplasticobjectsfoolsturtlesintofeeding。Theideathatthesmelloffloatingplasticobjectsmightlureanimalstotheirdeathfirstemergedin2016。ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornianoticedthatcertainchemicals，notablydimethylsulphide(二甲基硫），whicharereleasedintotheairbyfloatingplastics,arethosewhichmanyseabirdssniff（嗅）totrackdownfood。Thesechemicalsmarkgoodplacestohuntbecausetheyindicateplentyofthealgae(海藻）andbacteria（细菌)。Theresearchersalsofoundthatbirdswhichpursuetheirfoodinthiswayarefiveorsixtimesmorelikelytoeatplasticthanthosewhichdonot。Sinceturtlesareknowntobreakthesurfaceperiodicallyandsnifftheairwhenfindingthewaytotheirfeedingareas，DrPfallertheorisedthattheyarefollowingthesesamechemicals，andarelikewisefooledintothinkingthatfloatingplasticobjectsareeatable。Totestthatidea，heandhiscolleaguessetupanexperiment。Theyarrangedfor15turtlestobeexposedtofoursmells：thevapourfromdeionisedwater;thesmellofturtle-feedingballsmadeofshrimpandfishmeal;thesmellofacleanplasticbottlechoppedupintotenpieces；andthesmellofasimilarlychoppedbottlethathadbeenkeptintheoceanforfiveweekstoallowalgaeandbacteriatogrowonit。Twoofthesmellsprovedfarmoreattractivetotheanimalsthantheothers。Whensniffingboththesmelloffoodballsandthatoffive-week—oldbottles,turtleskepttheirnostrilsoutofthewatermorethanthreetimesaslong,andtooktwiceasmanybreathsastheydidwhenwhatwasonofferwasthesmelloffreshbottle-plasticordeionised—watervapour。Thoughtheyhavenotyettestedwhetherdimethylsulphideistheculprit,DrPfallerandhiscolleaguesthinkitisthemostlikelycandidate。Inanunpollutedocean，prettywellanythingwhichhadthissmellwouldbeeatable—or,atleast,harmless.Unfortunately,five—week-oldplasticbottlesandtheirlikearenot。38.Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatturtles________.A.mistakeplasticobjectsforjellyfishB.arefooledintoeatingplasticsbyasmellC。aredyingoutasaresultofplasticpollutionD.breakdownplasticswithoutmuchdifficulty39。Whatcanweinferfromtheresearchonseabirds?A.Seabirdseatplasticsforthetaste.B。Thealgaeandbacteriagrowwellonplastics。C。Researchersgottheideafromthestudyofturtles。D。Someseabirdspursuefoodinasimilarwaytoturtles.40.DrPfaller’sresearchshows_______.A.turtlespreferthesmellofplasticsB。turtlesliveonmarinemicroorganismsC.dimethylsulphidemaybetoblameforturtles’deathD。plasticsreleasethesamechemicalsasmicroorganisms41。Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toproposeanewwaytostudyturtles.B。Tostresstheimportanceofimprovingecosystem.C。Tointroducethefindingsonthecauseofturtles’death.D.Toexplaintheeffectsofplasticpollutiononseaanimals.【答案】38.B39.D40.C41。C【解析】本文是说明文.科学家们发现海龟吃食海上漂浮的塑料制品导致大量死亡。通过研究发现，是因为生长在海上漂浮的塑料物体上的海洋微生物的气味导致海洋动物去追踪食物，才导致它们吃塑料制品。【38题详解】细节理解题。第一段提到海龟有一个不幸习惯，就是吃漂浮在海里的塑料制品.根据第一段最后一句“…thesmellofmarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）whichgrowonfloatingplasticobjectsfoolsturtlesintofeeding。”可知，海龟吃塑料制品是因为生长在漂浮的塑料物上的海洋微生物的气味诱使它们。故选B项。【39题详解】推理判断题.根据第二段中“ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornianoticedthatcertainchemicals,notablydimethylsulphide（二甲基硫）,whicharereleasedintotheairbyfloatingplastics,arethosewhichmanyseabirdssniff(嗅)totrackdownfood。”海上漂浮塑料物体的气味可能会导致动物死亡,是因为某些漂浮的塑料物体释放到空气中的化学物质，那些海鸟嗅到,然后追踪食物。而海龟也是因为这种原因才吃漂浮的塑料制品。从对海鸟的研究中可以推断出一些海鸟捕食的方式与海龟相似。故选D项。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段中“Thoughtheyhavenotyettestedwhetherdimethylsulphideistheculprit,DrPfallerandhiscolleaguesthinkitisthemostlikelycandidate.（尽管他们还没有测试二甲基硫化物是否是罪魁祸首，Pfaller博士和他的同事们认为它是最有可能的候选者.)”可知，Pfaller博士的研究显示二甲基硫化物应该是导致海龟死亡的原因.故选C项.【41题详解】推理判断题.通读全文，文章以海龟吃食海上漂浮的塑料制品为例，通过研究发现，生长在海上漂浮的塑料物体上的海洋微生物的气味导致海洋动物去追踪食物。根据文章第四段“Totestthatidea,heandhiscolleaguessetupanexperiment.”，文章主要是介绍关于海龟吃塑料制品死亡原因的研究发现。故选C项。DScientistsoftencomplainthatpeoplearenotrational（理性的)intheiroppositiontotechnologiessuchasnuclearpowerandgeneticallymodified（GM)crops.Fromastatisticalperspective,theseareverysafe，andsopeopledfearcanbeexplainedonlybyemotion，strengthenedbyignorance.Electricityfromnuclearpowerhasledtofarfewerdirectdeathsthanhascoalfiredpower,yetmanypeopleareafraidofit,andhardlyanyoneisafraidofcoalplants.SimilarargumentscanbemadeaboutGMcrops，whichstudieshaveshownaregenerallysafeformostpeopletoeat.Scientificilliteracy（无知)maybepartoftheproblem。Mostofusareafraidofthingswedon’tunderstand,andstudieshaveshownthatscientiststendtobemoreacceptingofpotentiallyriskytechnologiesthanlaypeople.Thissuggeststhatwhenpeopleknowalotaboutsuchtechnologies,theyareusuallyreassured。Butthere’smoretotheissuethanmeetstheeye.Itistruethatmanyofusfeartheunknown，butitisalsotruethatwedon’tcareenoughaboutroutinerisks。Partoftheexplanationiscomplacency:wetendnottofearthefamiliar,andthusfamiliaritycanleadustounderestimaterisk.TheinvestigationintotheDeepwaterHorizonblowoutandoilspill(原油泄漏)in2010showedthatcomplacency—amongexecutives,amongengineersandamonggovernmentofficials-wasamajorcauseofthatdisaster。Sothefactthatexpertsareunworriedaboutathreatisnotnecessarilyreassuring.Scientistsalsomakeamistakewhentheyassumethatpublicconcernsarewhollyorevenmostlyaboutsafety.SomepeopleobjecttoGMcropsbecausethesecropsfacilitatetheincreaseduseofchemicals。OthershaveaproblemwiththesocialimpactsthatswitchingtoGMorganismscanhaveontraditionalfarmingcommunitiesorwiththepoliticalimplicationsofleavingalargeshareofthefoodsupplyinthehandsofafewcorporations.Geoengineering(地球工程学)tolessentheimpactsofclimatechangeisanotherexample.Laypeopleaswellasscientistsaremoreconcernedaboutoversight（监管）thansafety.Whowilldecidewhetherthisisagoodwaytodealwithclimatechange？IfweundertaketheprojectofsettingtheglobaltemperaturebycontrollinghowmuchsunlightreachesEarth'ssurface,whowillbeincludedinthat“we”andbywhatprocesswillthe“right”globaltemperaturebechosen?Canwesaywhichgroup’sviewisclosertoanaccurateassessment?42.Theunderlinedword“complacency”inParagraph3probablymeans________.A。overconfidence B。predictionC。underestimation D。carelessness43.Theexampleofgeoengineeringisusedtoarguethat________。A。safetyisnotthewholeconcernofthepublicB。geoengineeringishighlyrecognizedbyscientistsC。thepublicareunnecessarilytroubledbyclimatechangeD.lesseningtheimpactsofclimatechangeisagreatchallenge44。Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？A。Scientificilliteracyisamajorcauseofdisasters.B.Thesafetyoftechnologiescanbeaccuratelyassessed.C。Scientistsmisjudgepeople'soppositiontotechnologies.D。Peopleareunworriedaboutriskswithproperoversight。45Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？A.IgnoranceorSafetyB.WhoIsRationalAboutRiskC。WhyCan’tPeopleTrustTechnologyD.ShouldScientistsHaveaSayinRisk【答案】42.A43。A44。C45。B【解析】本文是议论文。公众对一些科学技术，如核能和转基因（GM）作物持反对态度。文章说明了原因:对未知的东西感到担心。但是科学家们对熟知的事物往往又低估了风险，这也让公众担忧。公众关心的除了安全问题之外，还有监管问题。【42题详解】词义猜测题.根据第三段中划线词后对该词解释“wetendnottofearthefamiliar”,人们不在意日常的风险，其原因是因为觉得对它们熟悉,从而过于自信，觉得可以应对它们.因此可以推测,complacency与overconfidence同义。故选A项。【43题详解】细节理解题.根据第五段中“Geoengineering（地球工程学)tolessentheimpactsofclimatechangeisanotherexample.Laypeopleaswellasscientistsaremoreconcernedaboutoversightthansafety。（利用地球工程来减少气候变化的影响是另一个例子。比起安全来说，不仅科学家，非专业人员也更关心监督。）”可以推断，文章举地球工程的例子，是论证安