2023年齐齐哈尔市讷河市考研《英语一》临考冲刺试卷含解析

2023年齐齐哈尔市讷河市考研《英语一》临考冲刺试卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Helenwaslovedasafriendly1adybya11whoknewher.Shehadbelongedtothesamechurchforalmostallheradultlireandwashighly36.______.PoorHelenwaswellintoher90’s.Sinceherhusbandpassedaway，shemovedinwithJennifer,heryounggranddaughter.However,lifeis37._______.Onenightdrivinghomefromthestore,Jenniferwashitdeadbyadrunkdriver.Onceagain,Helenwasalone.The38._______oflosingthoseclosesttoherandthelonelinessofbeingallalonewere39.______shecouldbear.Shechanged--shefellinto40._______andhopelessness.Naturally,peoplearoundhersawthechange.Butnobodyseemedtoknowhowto41._______her.Monthspassed.ItwasnowDecember,andtheholidayseasonwas42._______tobeharderthanHelenimagineditwouldbe.Shefeltlikeshewas43._______,slowlyinside.ShewonderedifshewouldseeChristmasthisyear.44._______,thesecondSundayofDecember,theSundaySchoolteachercametoherwithaspecialrequest.Wouldshebe45.______enoughtohelpdecoratethetreethatwasinthemiddleofthechildren’sclassroom?Eachchildhadhandmadeaspecialdecorationto46.______onthetree,andtheyneededassistance.Helenattemptedto47._______refuse,buttheteachersaidthatthechildrenhadrequestedshebethe48._______thatyear.Itwasimportanttothemforsomereason,theteacherwhispered.Thenightofthespecialevent,Helenwaspresentandworethebestsmile.The49.______oftheyoungchildrenwasbittersweet,whichheldmemoriesofherdearJennifer.Forthefirsttimeinmonths,though,youcouldseehereyes50._______throughtears.Shewashappythatthechildrenhad51.______her.Mostdecorationshadbeenplacedonthetree52._______agroupofninechildrencameandsatinfrontofher.Eachofthemeitherhadnograndmotheranylonger,53.______hadneverevenknowntheirs.Thiswasaveryspecialcelebrationandunion.Inthemiddlelayagift-wrappedbox54._______forherwithacardreading“OurGrandma,withlove.”Christmasthisyearwasn’tunkindtoHelen.No,itwasanew55._______,abrand-newstartandninenewreasonstoher…1、A．valuedB．rewardedC．approvedD．respected2、A．funnyB．challengingC．boringD．diverse3、A．weaknessB．coldnessC．sadnessD．tiredness4、A．otherthanB．morethanC．ratherthanD．1essthan5、A．nervousnessB．anxietyC．depressionD．separation6、A．acknowledgeB．distinguishC．appreciateD．comfort7、A．desiredB．picturedC．aimingD．proving8、A．cryingB．dyingC．movingD．struggling9、A．GraduallyB．RecentlyC．ThenD．Meanwhile10、A．kindB．optimisticC．patientD．enthusiastic11、A．baseB．placeC．hideD．set12、A．politelyB．personallyC．seriouslyD．unwillingly13、A．volunteerB．visitorC．teacherD．assistant14、A．viewB．thoughtC．sightD．scenery15、A．staringB．shiningC．lookingD．1ighting16、A．helpedB．treatedC．invitedD．amused17、A．whileB．whenC．asD．after18、A．orB．norC．andD．but19、A．intendedB．writtenC．sentD．1eft20、A．endingB．processC．goalD．beginningSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Evenplantcanrunafever，especiallywhenthey'reunderattackbyinsectsordisease．Butunlikehuman，plantscanhavetheirtemperaturetakenfrom3，000feetawaystraightup．Adecadeago，adoptingtheinfrared（红外线）scanningtechnologydevelopedformilitarypurposesandothersatellites，physicistStephenPaleycameupwithaquickwaytotakethetemperatureofcropstodeterminewhichonesareunderstress．Thegoalwastoletfarmersprecisely（精确的）targetpesticide（杀虫剂）sprayingratherthanrainpoisononawholefield，whichalwaysincludesplantsthatdon'thavepestproblems．Evenbetter，Paley'sRemoteScanningServicesCompanycoulddetectcropproblemsbeforetheybecamevisibletotheeye．Fixedonaplaneflownat3，000feetatnight，aninfraredscannermeasuredtheheatsentoutbycrops．Thedataweretransformedintoacolor﹣codedmapshowingwhereplantswererunning"fevers"．Farmerscouldthenspot﹣spray，using50to70percentlesspesticidethattheyotherwisewould．ThebadnewsisthatPaley'scompanycloseddownin1984，afteronlythreeyears．Farmersresistedthenewtechnologyandlong﹣termsupporterswerehardtofind．Butwiththerenewedconcernaboutpesticidesonproduceandrefinements（改进）ininfraredscanning，Paleyhopestogetbackintooperation．Agricultureexpertshavenodoubtthatthetechnologyworks．"Thistechniquecanbeusedon75percentofagriculturallandintheUnitedStates，"saysGeorgeOertherofTexasA&M，whorecentlyretiredfromtheDepartmentofAgriculture，thinksremoteinfraredcropscanningcouldbeadoptedbytheendofthedecade．ButonlyifPaleyfindsthefinancialsupportwhichhefailedtoobtain10yearsago．1、Plantswillgiveoutanincreasedamountofheatwhentheyare．A．facinganinfraredscannerB．sprayedwithpesticidesC．exposedtoextremesunraysD．inpoorphysicalcondition2、Inordertoapplypesticidesprayingprecisely，wecanuseinfraredscanningto．A．drawacolor﹣codedmapB．evaluatethedamagetothecropsC．locatetheproblemareaD．measurethesizeoftheaffectedarea3、Theapplicationofinfraredscanningtechnologytoagriculturemetwithsomedifficultiesof．A．thelackofofficialsupportB．itshighcostC．thelackoffinancialsupportD．itsfailuretohelpincreaseproduction4、Infraredscanningtechnologymaybebroughtbackintooperationbecauseof．A．fullsupportfromagriculturalexpertsB．theforcefulpromotionbytheDepartmentofAgricultureC．thedesireoffarmerstoimprovethequalityoftheirproduceD．growingconcernabouttheoveruseofpesticidesoncropsText2ComedyandPsychologyEarlierthisyearIdidapart-timecomedycourse.TheclasswastaughtbyRyan,aprofessionalcomedian.Ihadperformedashow,whichwasn’toriginallymeanttobeacomedy.However,theaudiencelaughedatmyfirstjoke,thencontinuedtolaughthroughouttheroutinesthatweremeanttobeserious.SoitwastheaudiencewhotoldmeIwasfunny,butIdidn’tunderstandwhyorhowtocontrolthecomic(滑稽的)moments.So,Ijoinedthecoursetolearn.“Turnoffyoureditorthatmakesyousaytherightthingandrememberhowtobeachild,”explainedRyan.“Don’ttrytobeclever.Don’ttrytoohardtobefunny…andknowingallaboutthetheoryofhumorisunlikelytohelpyoumuch.Justbehaveinasillyway.That’swhatpeoplewanttoseeonstage.”Ryanwouldhelpusloosenupbysayingthingslike,“Wanderaroundtalkingtoothers,butmakesurethatyou’retheloweststatuspersonhere.”I’dsaythatunderstandingthepsychologyofhumorhasactuallyhelped.RecentlyIcameacrossthebookInsideJokes:UsingHumortoReverse-EngineertheMind.Itsmainideaisthatanyself-directedintelligentsystemwillneedtocorrectitsownfault.There’sariskthattheoccasionalerrorwillbemade.Ifthiswasboringorburdensome,we’dbelesswillingtodoit.However,evolutionhasmadetheprocessfun.Here’sajokeinthebook:Twofishareinatank.Onesaystotheother,“Doyouknowhowtodrivethisthing?”Itworksontheprinciplethatwehavestartedtoimagineonething—thatthetankisthetypicalcontainerpeoplekeepfishin—and,justintime,thefollowingwordstellusthatourfirstassumptionwaswrong—it’saheavyvehicle.Forcorrectlyfiguringouttheerror,wearerewardedwithapleasurablefeeling.Thejokeisanefficientwayofencouragingthisnaturalreaction,andcomedianshavebecomeexpertsinslightlytouchingthismentalfunny-boneinordertomakeuslaugh.Ryanwasrightwhenhesaidthatknowingthetheoryofhumorwouldn’thelpusthatmuchasacomedy.Duringoneexerciseinthecourse,fourofusweretoldtoperformanopera.SusanandCarolinesangearnestlyoneithersideofthestage,andIbroughtHenrytothefloor,wherewewrestled(摔跤)eachotherlikeout-of-controlteenagers.Therestofthegroupwasinuncontrollablefitsoflaughter.Asaperformer,I’llneverappreciatejustwhyitseemedsofunny.ButthepointisthatIwouldneverhavewrittenthisonthepaper.Itwasajoyous,foundmoment.1、Whydidtheauthorattendthecomedycourse?A．Hewantedtoseehowthetheoriesworkedinpractice.B．Hediscoveredhehadsomenaturalabilityincomedy.C．Heworriedabouthowotherperformerswouldfindhim.D．Hegotunpleasantexperienceswhenperformingacomedy.2、Ryanrequiredthepeopleonthecomedycourseto______.A．copytheirfavoriteperformanceB．imagineotherpeople’sreactionsC．helpthemselvesfeelcomfortableD．behaveinamoreplayfulmanner3、WhatisthepurposeofthejokementionedinParagraph4?A．Todiscusswhathumorbringsaboutexactly.B．Togiveanexampleofanotherkindofhumor.C．Toprovethepointaboutpsychologyofhumor.D．Toshowwhysomepeoplearefunnierthanothers.4、Whatviewdoestheauthorputforwardintheend?A．Visualhumoriswhatappealstopeoplemost.B．Whatpeoplefindfunnyisoftenunpredictable.C．Theoriesexplaininghumortendtobemistaken.D．Learningcomicskillsprovestobeadifficulttask.Text3Astudyshowedthattheexperienceschildrenhaveintheirfirstfewyearsareimportant.Theseexperiencesaffectthedevelopmentofthebrain.Whenchildrenreceivemoreattention,theyoftenhavehigherIQs.Babiesreceiveinformationwhentheysee,hearandfeelthings,whichmakesconnectionsbetweendifferentpartsofthebrain.Thereareahundredtrillion(万亿)connectionsinthebrainofathree-year-oldchild.ResearcherJuditGervaintestedhowgoodnewbornsareatdistinguishingdifferentsoundpatterns.Herresearchersproducedimagesofthebrainsofbabiesastheyhearddifferentsoundpatterns.Forexample,oneorderwasmu-ba-ba.Thisisthepattern"A-B-B".Anotherorderwasmu-ba-ge.Thisisthepattern“A-B-C”.Theimagesshowedthatthepartofthebrainresponsibleforspeechwasmoreactiveduringthe"A-B-B"pattern.Thisshowsthatbabiescantellthedifferencebetweendifferentpatterns.Theyalsoweresensitivetowhereitoccurredintheorder.Gervainisexcitedbythesefindingsbecausetheorderofsoundsisthebuildingblockofwordsandgrammar."Positioniskeytolanguage,"shesays."Ifsomethingisatthebeginningorattheend,itmakesabigdifference:'Johncaughtthebear.'isverydifferentfrom'ThebearcaughtJohn.'”ResearchersledbyscientistPatriciaKuhlhavefoundthatlanguagedeliveredbytelevisions,audiobooks,theInternet,orsmartphones－nomatterhoweducational－doesn’tappeartobeenoughforchildren’sbraindevelopment.Theycarriedoutastudyofnine-month-oldAmericanbabies.Theyexpectedthefirstgroupwho’dwatchedvideosinChinesetoshowthesamekindoflearningasthesecondgroupwhowerebroughtface-to-facewiththesamesounds.Insteadtheyfoundahugedifference.ThebabiesinthesecondgroupwereabletodistinguishbetweensimilarChinesesoundsaswellasnativelisteners.Buttheotherbabies—regardlessofwhethertheyhadwatchedthevideoorlistenedtotheaudio—learnednothing.1、Whatmakesconnectionsinababy’sbrain?A．HavingahigherIQ. B．ExperiencingnewinformationC．Thebaby’earlyage D．Theconnectionwithotherbabies2、WhatdidJuditGervainandherteamfindintheexperiment?A．Babiesidentifydifferentsoundpatterns.B．Wordorderisrelevanttomeaning.C．Babiescanwellunderstanddifferentwords.D．Acertainbrainregionprocesseslanguage.3、WhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninParagraph3?A．Grammarisimportantinlearninglanguages.B．Differentordershavedifferentmeanings.C．Differentlanguageshavedifferentgrammar.D．Wordshavedifferentsounds.4、WhatisthemainconclusionfromthestudyledbyPatriciaKuhl?A．Babiesshouldn’twatchalotoftelevision.B．Listeningtodifferentlanguagesdevelopsbabies’brainC．Foreignlanguageshelpbabies’braindevelopD．Socialcommunicationimprovesbabies’braindevelopment.Text4What’ssmall,buzzeshereandthereandvisitsflowers?Ifyousaidbeesorhummingbirds,yougotit.Youwouldn’tbethefirstifyoumixedthetwoup.Nowagroupofresearchersevensayweshouldembraceourhistoryofconsideringthetwotogetherinthesamegroup.Thewayscientistsstudybeescouldhelpthemstudyhummingbirdbehavior,too.Scientistsfirstcomparedthetwobackinthe1970swhenstudyinghowanimalssearchforfood.Theideaisthatanimalsuseakindofmathtomakechoicesinordertominimizetheworkittakestoearnmaximumrewards.Researchersatthetimefocusedonmovementrules,liketheorderinwhichtheyvisitedflowers,andwhereflowerswerelocatedrelativetoothers.Itwas“almostlikeanalgorithm(算法)”forefficientsearching,saidDavidPritchard,abiologistattheUniversityofSt.AndrewsinScotland.Hummingbirdsandbeeshadsimilarsolutions.Asthefieldofanimalcognition(认知)appeared,hummingbirdandbeeresearchparted.Neuroscientistsandbehavioralecologistsdevelopedwaystostudybeebehaviorinnaturalisticsettings.Hummingbirdresearcherscomparedhummingbirdstootherbirdsandborrowedmethodsfrompsychologytostudytheirabilitytolearninthelab.Tobefair,hummingbirdsandbeesdiffer.Forexample,hummingbirdshavemoreadvancedeyesandbrainsthanbees.Honeybeesandbumblebeesaresocial;hummingbirdstypicallyaren’t.Buthowevertheyperceive(感知)orprocessinformation,theybothexperiencesimilarinformation,Dr.Pritchardsaid.Inday-to-daysearchingforfood,forexample,hummingbirdsmayrelyonmoreofabee’s-eyeviewthanabird’s-eyeview.Likeotherbirds,theyrelyonlandmarks,distancesanddirectionstomakemapswhentravellinglongdistances,buttheydon’tusethesecuestofindflowers.Moveaflowerjustaninchorsoawayfromwhereahummingbirdthoughtitwasanditwillhoverovertheflower’soriginallocation.Dr.Pritchardisinvestigatingif,likebees,hummingbirdsengageinviewmatching—hovering,scanningsnapshotsofaplacetoitsmemoryandusingthoseasreferenceslater.1、Whatisthecenterofresearchonhummingbirdsandbeesinthe1970s?A．Memory.B．Movementrules.C．Rewardcalculating.D．Informationprocessing.2、Whichsubject’sresearchmethodswereadoptedtostudythelearningabilityofHummingbirds?A．Math.B．Biology.C．Ecology.D．Psychology.3、Howdoresearchersfindoutthathummingbirdsarenotlikebirds?A．Bysettingthemfree.B．Bymovingflowers.C．Bymatchingview.D．Bymakingmaps.4、Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．HummingbirdsandBeesB．HummingbirdsintheLabC．NewTrendsinStudyingBeesD．ThinkingofHummingbirdsasBeesPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Expertsagreethat1．isbecomingagrowingtrendthatmoreandmoreconsumersacrossChinaareusingcashlesspaymentmethods2．rapiddevelopmentofthird-partymobilepaymenttools,3．someextent,ishelpingtopromotecashlesspaymentacrossthecountryChinaisnotthefirstcountry4．(seek)acashlesssocietyDevelopedcountrieslikeSweden,DenmarkandSingaporearealsowitnessingthedevelopmentofcashlesspaymentmethodsHowever,therapiddevelopmentofcashlesspaymentsdoesnotmeanthereareno5．(challenge)andcriticismsAlibaba’sHemaSupermarket(盒马生鲜超市),6．customerscanshopontheirmobilephonesviaAlipay(支付宝),7．(come)intothespotlightrecentlyMediareportsarguethat,8．(consider)illegal,paymentscan’tbemadeincashthereAcashlesssocietywouldnotmeanthatcashwould9．(complete)disappearAstheeconomygrows,the10．(circulate)ofcashisstillveryhuge语法填空Onemorning，Iwaswaitingatthebusstop，worriedaboutbeinglateforschool．Thereweremanypeople1．（wait）atthebusstop，andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand2．（disappoint）．Whenthebusfinallycame，weallhurriedonboard．Igotaplacenexttothewindow，soIhad3．goodviewofthesidewalk．Aboy4．wasridingabikecaughtmyattention．Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms．Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver，butherefused5．（stop）untilwereachedthenextstop．Still，theboykeptriding．Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting．6．（final），whenwecametothenextstop，theboyranupthedoor7．thebus．Iheardanexcitedconversation．Thenthedriverstoodupandasked，"Didanyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?"Awomanonthebusshouted，"Oh，dear!It's8．（I）"．Shepushedherwaytothedriverand9．（take）thesuitcasethankfully．Fiveothersonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddoneandthecrowdof10．（stranger）suddenlybecamefriendlytooneanother．SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Thefollowingadvicewillshowyouwhatyoucandotoformanimprovementplanwhenyoufindyourselvesacademicallyunderperforming.1、Whenyou’refrequentlyreceivinglowergradesthanyou’dhopedfor,youmaystarttofeeldepressed.Thefirststepontheroadtoimprovingyourgradesistoturnthisnegativityonitshead.Acknowledgethatyourgradesaren’twhatyou’reaimingfor,butbelievethatyoucandosomethingaboutit.Talktoyourteachers.Yourteachersknowyoubest,soit’sworthtalkingtothemwhenyou’redrawingupaplanofactionforimprovingyourgrades.2、Andthey’llprobablyhavesomeadviceonhowyoucangoaboutit.Paymoreattentioninclass.Ifyouoftendaydreaminclass,it’stimetostartfocusingonthelessons.Listentowhattheteacherissayingratherthantalkingwithfriendsorallowingyourmindtowander.Don’tsimplycopydownwhat’sontheboardwithoutthinkingaboutit.3、Startorganizingyourlife.Clutter(杂乱)ofanykindpreventsourabilitytooperateefficiently,soanotherwayofimprovingyouracademicperformanceistogetorganized.4、Startthinkingmoreaboutyourtimemanagement,too.Findtherightlearningstyleforyou.Ifyou’reacademicallyunderperforming,anotherpossiblereasoncouldbethatyouhaven’tfoundtherightlearningstyleforyou.5、Perhapsyoujusthaven’tfoundyourmosteffectivestudyingstyleyet.Ifyou’vebeentryingtoworkonyourown,forexample,youmightfinditeasiertoworkwithafriendortwo,sothatyouhavesomeoneelsetheretomotivateyou.A．Adoptapositiveattitude.B．Nevermindyourgrades.C．Makesureyou’veunderstoodit.D．Askthemwheretheythinkyouneedtoimprove.E.We’realldifferent,andeachofushasourownwayofstudying.F.Manystudentsstruggletorememberalltheinformationtheyneedforexams.G.Keepallyournotesandtextbooksorganizedinsuchawaythatyouknowwhereeverythingis.Recently,I’vebeenfollowingasimplerulethatishelpingmecrushprocrastination(拖延症)andmakingiteasierfor