适用于老高考旧教材广西专版2023届高考英语二轮总复习第一部分语篇型语法填空和短文改错专题七情态动词和虚拟语气课件

第一部分专题七情态动词和虚拟语气英语内容索引基础自诊•夯基固本高频考点•探究突破新题演练•能力迁移基础自诊•夯基固本词汇复习7(根据汉语提示填入以c开头的单词的适当形式,然后背诵情景,熟记以c开头的课标高频词汇。)【情景1】Acharityis1.________________(募捐)moneyforaprimaryschool,wherechildrenareinpoorliving2.________________(条件).Severaldaysago,aspeechcovering

caringforkidswasmadeinthecentralpark.Thespeakersfromthecharity

calledonthegovernmentofficerstotake3._____________(挑战)tomakechangesonchildren’slivingconditions.Meanwhile,theyalsosuggest4.__________(市民)shouldcreatemorechancestodevelopchildren’sgood5.______________(性格).Everyoneshouldmake6.________________(贡献)toofferchildrenahappychildhood.Childrenareclosely

connectedwithourfuture,andtheywillcertainly

carryoutkinddeedsforourconcern.

collectingconditionschallengescitizenscharacters

contributions译文

一家慈善机构正在为一所小学募捐,小学里的孩子们的生活条件不好。就在几天前,一场关于关心孩子的演讲在中心公园里举行。来自该慈善机构的演讲者呼吁政府官员在改变孩子的生活环境方面做出挑战。同时,他们还建议市民们创造更多机会来培养孩子的良好性格。每个人都应该为给孩子提供一个美好的童年做出贡献。孩子们同我们的未来息息相关,他们肯定会为我们对他们的关心而做出善举的。【情景2】It’sbeen1.________________(证实)thatJodyhadcommittedacrimeinhiscompanyfortheunfaircommercial

competitionwithhis2.________________(同伴).3.________________(比较)withothers,duringworktimehedidn’tconcentratehisenergyon4.________________(完成)thecompulsorywork,butconcernedhimselfmoreabout5.____________(舒适).Thoughhehadmadeacompromise,thecommitteeintheconference

commandedthatheshouldcompensatefortheloss.

confirmedcompanionsComparedcompletingcomfort译文

已经证实乔迪在公司因为跟同伴们的不公平商业竞争而犯罪。和其他人比较起来,在工作期间,他不集中精力完成分内的工作,而是更多地关注个人的舒适。尽管他妥协了,但是会议上委员会命令他对损失做出补偿。情态动词动感情,本义用法要拿定;特殊意义需强记,虚拟推测辨分明。1.(2021·天津3月卷改编)Itusedtobethatyou_____________driveformilesherewithoutseeinganotherperson,butnowtherearehousesandpeopleeverywhere.

could解析:考查情态动词。句意:以前你可能在这里开车数英里都见不到其他人,但现在到处都是房子和人。根据前半句意思可知,could在此表示的是对客观可能性的推测。2.(2020·天津卷改编)Jimsayswe_____________stayinhishouseaslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy.

can解析:句意:考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说只要能够让房子保持干净、整洁,我们就可以住在他的房子里。can表示许可,意为“可以”。3.(2019·天津卷改编)Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthatonnoaccount_____________theyusemobilephonesinhisclass.

should解析:句意:教授警告学生们在任何情况下都不能在他的课上使用手机。on

no

account“在任何情况下都不……”。否定短语置于句首引起部分倒装;warn后面的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气:should+动词原形。4.(2018·江苏卷改编)Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI_____________(have)asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.

had解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:这个村里有很好的社交生活,我希望我再有机会更多地融入这种生活。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句,表示与现在事实相反的愿望,所以从句用一般过去时。5.(2018·北京卷改编)Intoday’sinformationage,thelossofdata________________causeseriousproblemsforacompany.

can解析:考查情态动词。句意:在今天的信息时代,数据丢失能给一个公司造成严重问题。在肯定句中用can表示客观上存在的可能性。6.(2017·北京卷改编)Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,_____________easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.

had解析:考查情态动词。句意:塞缪尔是我们班最高的男生,他很轻松就能够到书架顶层上的书。表示能力,用can“能够”。7.(2017·天津卷改编)Myroomisamess,butI_____________cleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.Icandoitinthemorning.

needn’t解析:考查情态动词。句意:我的房间乱得一团糟,但是今晚出门前我不必打扫。我可以早上再打扫。根据后一句“我可以早上再打扫”可知,此处应用needn’t表示“不必做某事”。8.(2016·天津卷改编)Itwasreallyannoying;I________________notgetaccesstothedatabankyouhadrecommended.

9.(2016·北京卷改编)Whydidn’tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyou________________(tell)me,Icouldhavehelped.

could解析:考查情态动词。句意:这真让人恼火。我不能进入你推荐的资料库。由第一句“这真让人恼火”可知,此处could为最佳答案。hadtold解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:为什么上星期你不把你的困难告诉我呢?如果你告诉我,说不定我会帮得上忙。由问句中的last

week及

could

have

helped推知,从句是对过去事实的虚拟,故用过去完成时。高频考点•探究突破情态动词1.情态动词的基本用法表一:情态动词意义及用法例句cancould(1)能力(体力、智力、技能);(2)允许或许可(口语中常用);(3)可能性(表主观猜测,用于否定句或疑问句中);★(4)表示惊讶,通常用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中;★(5)在肯定句中表示“理论(道理)上的可能性,普遍、一般情况下可能”,而不是表示具体某事发生的可能性,指客观的,一时的可能性注意:beableto侧重在具体情境下能做某事Hecanrunfast.(能力)Could/CanIuseyourpen?(允许)Wherecan/couldhehavegone?(推测)Howcanyousayitlikethat?(惊讶)Thiskindofthingcanhappeneverynowandthen.(理论上的可能)Hestudiedhardandwasabletopasstheexam.表二:情态动词意义及用法例句maymight(1)可以(问句中表示请求);(2)可能,或许(表推测);(3)祝愿(用于倒装句中)。注意:(1)may/mightaswell最好……,还是……为好;(2)当may用于疑问句中时,其否定回答是:No,...mustn’t;在给予别人许可时,常用can来回答,但有时也用may,不能用might—MayIuseyourcomputer?(可以)—Yes,youcan.Hemay/mightbeinhisofficenow.(推测)Ifthat’sthecase,Imayaswelltry.(最好……)表三:情态动词意义及用法例句must(1)必须,应该(表示主观要求);(2)肯定,想必(肯定句中表示主观推测);★(3)非要,偏偏(用于疑问句或条件状语从句中)注意:(1)mustn’t表示禁止,意为“不准;不许”;(2)当must用于疑问句中时,其否定回答是:No,...needn’t/don’thaveto.—MustIfinishtheworktonight?(必须)—No,youdon’thaveto.Thatcan’tbetheonlyway.Theremustbeotherwaysofsolvingtheproblem.(推测)Mustyoumakesomuchnoise?(非要)Youmustn’tjokewithheraboutherage.(禁止)haveto只好,不得不(客观的必须,有时态及人称变化)Thelasttrainhasgone.We’llhavetowalkhome.表四:情态动词意义及用法例句oughtto应当(表示义务、责任)Yououghttolearnhowtobepatient.should(1)应该,应当(口语中较为普遍的用法);★(2)竟然(表示惊讶、难以置信或不应该的事,常与why或how连用)Youshouldtellmewhenyouleave.(应该)Whyshouldyoubesolatetoday?(竟然)情态动词意义及用法例句shall(1)将要,会(用于第一人称);(2)用于第一、三人称征求对方意见或向对方请示;(3)用于第二、三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁、决心等;★(4)用于按规定、按法律要做的事ThistimenextweekIshallbeinHunan.(会)ShallIcallataxiforyou?(征求意见)Youshallhaveitbacknextweek.(命令)Eachpartyshallnotbreakthecontract.(表示义务或规定)表五:情态动词意义及用法例句usedto与would过去常常(现在已不再)usedto与would的用法比较:(1)两者都表示过去的习惯,当表示过去习惯性的动作时,可互换;(2)若表示过去持续的状态,通常只用usedto,不用would;(3)若要强调过去与现在的对比,也通常只用usedtoWhenwewerechildrenwewould/usedtogoskatingeverywinter.HeusedtoliveinParis.(过去持续的状态)Heisnotwhatheusedtobe.(过去的状态)Idon’tsmokethesedays,butIusedto.(今昔对比)表六:情态动词意义及用法例句need需要(常用于否定句和疑问句中)注意:当need用于疑问句中时,其回答是“No,...needn’t.”和

“Yes,...must.”Youneedn’tcometopickmeupattheairport.—NeedIturninthepaperthismorning?—Yes,youmust.dare敢(常用于疑问句和否定句中)Howdareyousayitisunfair?Hedarednottellhismotherthetruth.2.must表示推测时的结构(1)表示对现在或将来事实的推测用“must+动词原形”的结构形式。Hemustfeelveryhappyoncehegetsthegoodnews.一旦他得到这个好消息,他肯定感到非常开心。Mr.Wangmustbeoutnow,fornooneanswersthedoorbell.王先生此时肯定没在家,因为没有人回应门铃。(2)表示对此时此刻正在发生的动作的推测用“must+bedoing”结构形式。Thegirlmustbepracticingthepianointhenextroom.Shedoessoatthesametimeeveryday.那个女孩肯定正在隔壁弹钢琴。她每天此时都弹钢琴。(3)表示对过去或已完成事实的推测用“musthavedone”的结构形式。Yourwordsmusthavehadaninfluenceonhim,forhehaschangedalot.你的话对他肯定产生了影响,因为他改变了许多。Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.昨天晚上肯定下雨了,因为地面是湿的。Isawhimplayingbasketballontheplaygroundthismorning.Hemusthaverecoveredfromhisfootinjury.今天上午我看到他在操场上打篮球了。他的脚伤肯定好了。3.“情态动词+havedone”的用法(1)对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测musthavedone(过去)一定……。语气比较肯定;用于肯定句中Hecameonfootthismorning,sohisbikemusthavegonewrong.may/mighthavedone可能……。语气不确定;用于肯定句和否定句中Hehasn’tcomeyet,sohemighthaveforgottenourappointment.can/couldhavedone用于否定句和疑问句中,表示怀疑或不确定Mr.Smithcan’thavegonetoBeijing,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.(2)表示与过去事实相反

should/oughttohavedone原本应该做……(但未做到)Yououghtto/shouldhavestudiedharder.shouldnot/oughtnottohavedone原本不应该做……(但做了)Heoughtn’tto/shouldn’thavedonethat.couldhavedone本来可以做或有能力做,而实际上未做IcouldhavepassedmyexaminationeasilybutImadetoomanystupidmistakes.needn’thavedone原本不必做而实际上却做了Ineedn’thaveboughtsomuchwine—onlyfivepeoplecame.虚拟语气一、虚拟语气用于状语从句中1.虚拟语气用于非真实条件句类别条件从句中的谓语动词主句中的谓语动词例句与现在事实相反过去式(be动词的形式一律用were)would/should/could/might+动词原形Ifhewereindoors,hewouldn’tfeelsocold.与过去事实相反had+动词-ed形式would/should/could/might+havedoneIfyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’thavefailedthetest.类别条件从句中的谓语动词主句中的谓语动词例句与将来事实相反过去式(be动词的形式一律用were)wereto+动词原形should+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形Ifhewereherethisevening,wewouldplaycards.IfsheweretomarryJack,shewouldbehappy.Ifsheshouldknowit,shewouldtellme.2.虚拟条件句的倒装与省略如果虚拟条件句中有were,had(助动词)或should时,可将were,had或should提前到主语之前形成倒装结构,同时省去if。若虚拟条件句为否定句时,not不提前。IfJohnwerehere,hewouldsolvetheproblemeasily.→WereJohnhere,hewouldsolvetheproblemeasily.如果约翰在这儿,他会很容易地解决这一问题。Ifyouhadtoldmeyouwouldcomeinadvance,Iwouldhavemadearrangements.→Hadyoutoldmeyouwouldcomeinadvance,Iwouldhavemadearrangements.如果你提前告知我你要来,我就会做好安排的。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,allthecropswouldbesaved.→Shoulditraintomorrow,allthecropswouldbesaved.如果明天下雨的话,所有庄稼就有救了。Ifyouhadn’twarnedmeoftheterribleweather,Iwouldhavebeencaughtintheheavyrain.→Hadyounotwarnedmeoftheterribleweather,Iwouldhavebeencaughtintheheavyrain.如果你没有提醒我恶劣天气的话,我就会淋到大雨的。3.错综时间条件句虚拟条件句和主句动作发生的时间不一致,主句和从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’thavemissedthefilmlastnight.如果我是你,我不会错过昨晚那部电影的。Iftheyhadlefthomeintheearlymorning,theywouldarriveinhalfanhour.要是他们一大早离开家的话,再过半个小时他们就该到了。IfhehadspentmoretimepractisingspeakingEnglishbefore,hewouldbeabletospeakitmuchbetternow.如果他以前花更多的时间来练习说英语的话,现在他就能说得更好了。4.含蓄虚拟条件句通过上下文或用介词(短语)等表示虚拟条件取代虚拟条件句。常用的介词(短语)有with,without,butfor,otherwise,or等。Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavesucceeded.要不是你的帮助,我们是不会成功的。Withoutelectricity,lifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.如果没有电,今天的生活就会完全不同。Hedidn’tworkhard,otherwisehewouldhavepassedtheexam.他没有努力,否则的话他就通过考试了。二、虚拟语气用于名词性从句中1.用于宾语从句中(1)wish后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。表示对现在情况的虚拟:wish+主语+动词过去式(be动词用were)+其他表示对过去情况的虚拟:wish+主语+had+动词-ed形式+其他表示对将来情况的虚拟:wish+主语+would/could+动词原形+其他Iwish(that)Iwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.我希望我是只小鸟,能在天空中自由飞翔。HowIwishIhadlistenedtomyparents’advice!我多么希望我听了父母的建议!HowIwishitweren’trainingnow!我多希望现在没下雨啊!(2)含有表示要求(request,require,demand,desire)、建议(suggest,advise,recommend,propose)、命令(order,command)、主张(insist)等词或其变形的名词性从句(宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)中,常用虚拟语气结构“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。Hesuggestedthatwe(should)startoffearlythenextday.他建议我们第二天早点出发。(3)在wouldrather后的宾语从句中,也用虚拟语气,其结构为:wouldrathersb.+动词过去式(表示现在或将来的愿望)/had+动词-ed形式(表示过去的愿望)Iwouldrathertheydidn’thearofthenews.我宁愿他们没听到那个消息。He’dratherIlefttomorrow.他宁愿我明天离开。Iwouldratheryouhadn’ttoldhimthenewsyet.我宁愿你没把消息告诉他。2.用于主语从句中Itisdesired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/apity/essential...+that从句,从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.人们建议会议推迟到下周。It’sstronglysuggestedthatmeasures(should)betakentoforbidstudentstocheatintheexams.强烈建议采取措施来禁止学生在考试中作弊。3.用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,其构成是“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.我的意见是在接受之前我们要反复考虑。Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoDalianforsightseeing.我们都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议。三、特殊句型中的虚拟语气

句式结构针对过去针对现在针对将来Itis(high)time(that)...

过去式ifonly引导的条件句或感叹句had+动词-ed形式过去式(be动词一般用were)would/could/might+动词原形asif/though引导的表语从句或方式状语从句had+动词-ed形式过去式(be动词一般用were)would/could/might+动词原形It’shightimethatwedevotedourselvestoenvironmentalprotectionandecologicalimprovement.是我们致力于环境保护和生态改善的时候了。IfonlyIhadnotbeenilllastweek!要是上周我没病该多好啊!Don’thandlethevaseasifitweremadeofsteel.不要对待那个花瓶就像它是由钢制成的一样。附:特殊结构中虚拟语气黄金口诀虚拟用在名从中,shoulddo结构要记清;一个坚持两命令,三个要求四建议;it做主后有形,奇怪重要自然行;wish之后有宾从,虚拟时态退一层;asif/ifonly/wouldrather,时态也要退一层;It’s(high)timethatsb.didsth.此种形式要记清。新题演练•能力迁移一、用适当的情态动词填空1.(2022·天津南开高三一模改编)Therewasnosignofabreak-in,sothethief_____________havesomeoneontheinsidehelpingthem.

2.I’veorderedsomepizza,sowe________________notworryaboutcookingwhenwegethometired.

3.They________________havearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.

4.ItisverycoldinthefarnorthendofHeilongjiangProvinceandthetemperature_______________droptoaslowas-50℃.

mustneedshouldcan5.Thechildren________________havegotlostinthewoods;otherwise,theywouldhavebeenatthelakesidecampasscheduled.

6.Youcan’timaginethatsuchagoodstudentlikehim_______________failintheexam.

7.WhenIwasachild,I_____________watchTVwheneverIwantedto.

8.Itisnecessarythatyou________________learnasecondlanguagesothatyoumayhavemorejobopportunities.

mustshouldcouldshould二、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.We_____________(be)backinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.

2._____________(be)therenomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.

3.Wewouldratherourdaughter________________(stay)athomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.

4.Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation,orthey__________________(come)toourhelp.

wouldbeWerestayedwouldhavecome5.—Howdidyoudointhetest?—Notsowell.I__________________(do)muchbetterbutImisreadthedirectionsforPartD.

6.Ifwe__________________(book)atableearlier,wecouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.

7.Eyedoctorsrecommendthatachild’sfirsteyeexam__________________(be)attheageofsixmonthsold.

8.ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI_______________(do)it?

couldhavedone

hadbooked(should)be

haddone9.—DoyouthinkGeorgehaspassedthedrivingtest?—No.Ifso,he________________________(drive)hiscartoourcollegeyesterday.

10.Itishightimethatwe________________(take)immediateactiontochangethepresentsituationbeforeitistoolate.

wouldhavedriventook三、语篇填空(2022·山东淄博高三二模)CountlessvisitorstotheForbiddenCityarequicklyattractedbyitsarchitecturalsplendor.Coveringsome720,000squaremetersand

1.___________(official)knownasthePalaceMuseum,itwashome2.__________royalfamiliesoftheMingandQingdynasties.Manylegendsandstoriesliebehinditsredwallsandunderthegolden3.________________(roof).

officiallytoroofsIn2020,whenthe600thanniversaryofthevenue’s4.______________(complete)wasmarkedwithanexhibition,anarchaeologicalproject5.________________(launch)inOctoberinthewesternpartofthepa