2024年高考英语模拟卷（天津卷02）（全解全析）

2024年高考第一次模拟考试（天津卷02）英语（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：130分）注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1．（2023·天津河东·统考二模）Inallregions,womenlivelongerthanmen.However,social,culturalandeconomicfactorscanthenaturaladvantageofwomenparedtomen.A．challenge B．guarantee C．confirm D．affect【答案】D【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在所有地区，妇女的寿命都比男子长。然而，社会、文化和经济因素会影响女性相对于男性的天然优势。A.challenge挑战；B.guarantee保证；C.confirm确认；D.affect影响。根据“Inallregions,womenlivelongerthanmen.However,social,culturalandeconomicfactors”可知，社会、文化和经济因素也会影响到寿命。故选D。2．（2023·天津红桥·统考一模）Ithinkyou’dbetteravoidtalkingaboutpolitics,religionandother______topicswithhimifyouarenotclosefriends.A．sensitive B．skeptical C．aggressive D．attractive【答案】A【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为，如果你们不是好朋友，最好避免和他谈论政治、宗教等敏感话题。A.sensitive敏感的；B.skeptical怀疑的；C.aggressive有敌意的，冒犯的；D.attractive吸引人的。根据句意可知，此处为形容词sensitive“敏感的”作定语修饰名词topics，满足句意要求。故选A项。3．（2023·天津河东·统考一模）Thedevelopmentofnewmedia,________fromtheinternettodigitaltelevision，meansthatpeopleworkinginadvertisingwillhavetoeupwithmorewaystocatchthepublic’sattention.A．ranges B．ranged C．torange D．ranging【答案】D【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从互联网到数字电视等新媒体的发展，意味着从事广告工作的人将不得不想出更多方法来吸引公众的注意力。分析句子结构可知，means是谓语，that引导的是宾语从句，从句中的谓语是willhave，所以此处应为非谓语动词，range与其逻辑主语thedevelopmentofnewmedia之间为主动关系，结合句意可知，此处表示的是当前的状态，所以使用现在分词形式作定语。故选D项。4．（2023·天津和平·统考一模）TheNorthandSouthPolesrepresentsthefinalfrontiersofexplorationonEarth,and________theyhavebeeanstrongattractionforbothresearchersandtourists.A．inotherwords B．asaconsequenceC．bytheway D．onthecontrary【答案】B【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：北极和南极代表着地球上最后的探索前沿，因此它们对研究人员和游客都有很强的吸引力。A.inotherwords换句话说；B.asaconsequence因此；C.bytheway顺便说一下；D.onthecontrary正相反。根据“TheNorthandSouthPolesrepresentsthefinalfrontiersofexplorationonEarth”和“theyhavebeeanstrongattractionforbothresearchersandtourists”可知，前后构成因果关系。故选B。5．（2023·天津和平·统考一模）ThepowerofCharlieChaplin’sworksisnotonlyinhisacting,butalsointhestoriesandcharactershe________.A．hadcreated B．hascreated C．created D．creates【答案】C【详解】考查动词时态。句意：查理卓别林作品的力量不仅在于他的表演，还在于他创造的故事和人物。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，全文为现在的语境，他“创建”故事和人物发生在过去，所以此处应使用一般过去时态，且与主语为主动关系。故选C项。6．（2023·天津和平·统考一模）You________soslowly.Ijustneededafewsecondstogetusedtoyourvoice.A．shouldn’tspeak B．couldn’thavespokenC．don’thaveto D．needn’thavespoken【答案】D【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：你没有必要说得那么慢。我只需要几秒钟就能习惯你的声音。A.shouldn’tspeak不应该说；B.couldn’thavespoken不能说；C.don’thaveto不必；D.needn’thavespoken没有必要说。结合语意，我只需要很短的时间就能习惯你的声音，所以你没有必要说得那么慢。故选D项。7．（2023·天津和平·统考一模）Thewayweusealanguageisso________thatonecouldsaythereareasmanyvarietiesasspeakersofEnglish.A．individual B．mon C．exceptional D．reliable【答案】A【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们使用一种语言的方式是如此的个性化，以至于我们可以说英语的种类像它的使用者一样多。A.individual独特的；特别的；B.mon常见的；C.exceptional杰出的；罕见的；D.reliable可靠的。根据句中结果状语“thereareasmanyvarietiesasspeakersofEnglish”可推知，因为我们使用语言的方式是如此的个性化，所有英语的种类像它的使用者一样多。故选A。8．（2023·天津和平·统考一模）Hi,there.CanIhelpyouwithanythingtoday?Oh,yes.________,I’dliketobuyapresentformyniece’sbirthday.A．Exactly B．Somehow C．Actually D．Definitely【答案】C【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：——嘿，你好。今天我能帮你什么忙吗？——哦，是的。其实，我想为侄女的生日买一份礼物。A.Exactly确切地；B.Somehow以某种方式；C.Actually事实上；D.Definitely肯定地，明确地。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语，结合句意可知，此处表示“事实上”为actually。故选C项。9．（2022·天津河西·统考一模）Tofightagainstglobalwarming,scientistsareworkingonenergysavingmeasurestoreducefuel________.A．consumption B．collection C．mitment D．distribution【答案】A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了对抗全球变暖，科学家们正在研究减少燃料消耗的节能措施。A.consumption消耗；B.collection收藏品；C.mitment承诺；D.distribution分配。根据上文“Tofightagainstglobalwarming,scientistsareworkingonenergysavingmeasurestoreducefuel”可知，指科学家们正在研究减少燃料消耗的节能措施，来对抗全球变暖，应用consumption。故选A。10．（2023·天津·校联考一模）It’seleveno’clockalready.______youwatchthemovieatsuchalatehour?A．Can B．Must C．May D．Shall【答案】B【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：已经11点了。这么晚了，你一定要看电影吗？A.Can能，可以；B.Must必须，一定，偏要；C.May可以，可能；D.Shall(表示说话人的允诺、命令、决心等，用于陈述句的第二、三人称)必须，应，可。情态动词must可以表示坚持或固执，表达“偏要，偏偏”符合语境。故选B项。11．（2023·天津·校联考一模）______myhighschoollife,I’dliketogivethemostimportantadvice—toreadthewonderfulworksfromthewriterMayaAngelou.A．Attachingsignificanceto B．LookingbackonC．Takingadvantageof D．Losingtrackof【答案】B【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：回顾我的高中生活，我想给最重要的建议——阅读作家玛雅·安杰洛的精彩作品。A.Attachingsignificanceto认为……很重要；B.Lookingbackon回顾；C.Takingadvantageof利用；D.Losingtrackof失去联系。根据句意可知，此处表示“回顾”应为lookbackon符合语意，分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，与句子主语均为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故选B项。12．（2023·天津·校联考一模）—Doyouknowanewshoppingmallopenedinourtownyesterday?—Yes.Whydon’twepayavisit______wehavetime?A．since B．though C．until D．unless【答案】A【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：——你知道昨天我们镇上新开了一家购物中心吗？——是的。既然我们有时间，为什么不去逛逛呢？A.since因为，既然；B.though虽然；C.until直到……为止；D.unless除非。根据上下文可知，前文存在因果关系，此处应用since引导原因状语从句。故选A项。13．（2023·天津南开·统考一模）TherearesomecharactersinJaneAusten’sbooksin________livesaslightfallofsnowisanevent.A．her B．whom C．whose D．their【答案】C【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在简·奥斯汀的书中，有一些人物的生活中，一场小雪是一件大事。空处引导定语从句，先行词是character，代替先行词作lives的定语，应用关系代词whose。故选C项。14．（2023·天津南开·统考一模）Althoughthetheoryhasbeendismissedbyscholars,itshows________powerfulthesecretsofAncientMayacivilizationareamongpeople.A．that B．how C．what D．whether【答案】B【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：虽然这个理论已经被学者们否定，但它显示了古代玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是多么地有影响力。A.that引导宾语从句时无意义，起连接作用；B.how多么，如何；C.what什么；D.whether是否。分析句子可知，空后“powerful”是形容词，此处应用how引导宾语从句，表示“多么地有影响力”。故选B。15．（2023·天津河东·统考二模）—HereisaneweditionofCrazyEnglish.Doyouwanttolookatit?—!Letmeseeit.A．Byallmeans B．NotreallyC．Mindyourownbusiness D．Cheerup【答案】A【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——这是新版的《疯狂英语》。你想看看吗?——当然!让我看看。A.Byallmeans用一切手段；好的；当然；B.Notreally事实上不是；C.Mindyourownbusiness管好你自己的事,少管闲事；D.Cheerup高兴起来；振作起来。根据“Letmeseeit.”可知，当然想看新版的《疯狂英语》。故选A。第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（2023·天津河北·统考二模）AfterIwonmyfirstraceatfive,lifewasaboutwinningraces.Twokids,RayJandGil,16that.OnedayinourfirstNASCAR(NationalAssociationofStockCarAutoRacing)season,myteammate,RayhadtoleaveforhomebecausehissonRayJsuddenlydevelopedcancer.Hesaidsomethingabout17tomissworkforevenaday.“Forgetit,”Iinterrupted.“Your18esfirst.”Thefollowingmonthswere19forRayJ,chemotherapy(化疗)andlongstaysinthehospital.Hewasso20thathecouldbarelyplay.However,the21boyhadbeenfightingagainstillness.Ialwaysfacedchallengesbygoing22andpushingmyselfharder.Buthowcouldastockcardriverlikememakeadifferencetothekid?Forthefirsttimeinmylifethe23didn’tseemsoimportant.Gilwasasixyearoldboywithararebonedisease.Hisbonesweresoeasytobreakthatahugmight24oneofthem.Thatdayhewassittinginawheelchair,assmallasathreeyearoldchild,andhislegsweregnarledandatrophied(扭曲萎缩).However,hehadabig25.Forfearofbreakinghisbonesintopieces,Ididn’t26hishand.27,Iheldupmyhand.Hetoucheditandthenpulledhishandback.Hesmiledmorebrightly.Iwentdownonmy28andwetalked.HewasahugeNASCAR29.Hecouldn’tgooutsideand30,butwatchingtheracesandlearningeverythingaboutthedriversdistractedhimfromhis31“Iloveitwhenyouwin,Jeff.”Win.Thatwordagain.HadIeverthoughtmuchaboutwhatit32?WinningiswhatI’malwaysaimingfor.That’smyjob,andit’showI33myfamily.Butwinningismorethanjustcrossingthe34linefirst.Thetwokidsarethetrue35.16．A．recognized B．achieved C．resigned D．changed17．A．hating B．expecting C．failing D．refusing18．A．fee B．choice C．family D．attitude19．A．necessary B．difficult C．absurd D．unforgettable20．A．hopeless B．desperate C．careful D．weak21．A．easygoing B．strongwilled C．hardworking D．absentminded22．A．safer B．faster C．wider D．harder23．A．problem B．possession C．race D．adventure24．A．damage B．cure C．change D．influence25．A．sound B．goal C．face D．smile26．A．examine B．outstretch C．move D．shake27．A．Instead B．Generally C．Obviously D．Furthermore28．A．legs B．feet C．knees D．ankles29．A．fan B．expert C．petitor D．developer30．A．holdon B．runaround C．giveup D．breakthrough31．A．debt B．task C．optimism D．pain32．A．meant B．brought C．split D．needed33．A．love B．manage C．support D．encourage34．A．straight B．finish C．start D．red35．A．losers B．cooperators C．winners D．doctors【答案】16．D17．A18．C19．B20．D21．B22．B23．C24．A25．D26．D27．A28．C29．A30．B31．D32．A33．C34．B35．C【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者作为一名赛车手，他的工作和生活就是赢得比赛，然而两个孩子的故事彻底改变了他对赢的看法，他认为他们才是人生赢家。16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我五岁赢得第一场比赛后，我的生活就是赢得比赛。两个孩子，RayJ和Gil，改变了这一点。A.recognized认出；B.achieved获得；C.resigned辞职；D.changed改变。根据前文“lifewasaboutwinningraces”和尾段“Thetwokidsarethetrue20”可知，作者认为，两个孩子改变了他的这种观点。故选D项。17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说他不想耽误一天的工作。A.hating不愿；B.expecting期待；C.failing失败；D.refusing拒绝。根据后文““Forgetit,”Iinterrupted.“Your3esfirst.””可知，我让Ray回家，说明Ray不想耽误工作。故选A项。18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的家庭是第一位的。A.fee费用；B.choice选择；C.family家庭；D.attitude态度。根据前文“RayhadtoleaveforhomebecausehissonRayJsuddenlydevelopedcancer.”可知，作者认为Ray应该回家照顾患了癌症家人，即家庭最重要。故选C项。19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：接下来的几个月对RayJ来说很困难，化疗和长时间住院。A.necessary必要的；B.difficult困难的；C.absurd荒谬的；D.unforgettable难忘的。根据后文“chemotherapy(化疗)andlongstaysinthehospital”可知，RayJ过得很困难。故选B项。20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他太虚弱了，几乎不能玩。A.hopeless无望的；B.desperate绝望的；C.careful仔细的；D.weak虚弱的。根据后文“thathecouldbarelyplay.”可知，RayJ虚弱的都不能玩。故选D项。21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个意志坚强的男孩一直在与疾病作斗争。A.easygoing随和的；B.strongwilled意志坚强的；C.hardworking努力工作的；D.absentminded心不在焉的。根据后文“hadbeenfightingagainstillness”可知，RayJ是一个意志坚强的孩子。故选B项。22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：面对挑战，我总是开得更快，更努力。A.safer更安全；B.faster更快；C.wider更宽；D.harder更努力。根据后文“andpushingmyselfharder”和“astockcardriverlikeme”可知，作为一个赛车司机，作者遇到挑战时会更努力、把车开的更快。故选B项。23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我人生中第一次觉得比赛不那么重要了。A.problem问题；B.possession职业；C.race比赛；D.adventure冒险。根据前文“AfterIwonmyfirstraceatfive,lifewasaboutwinningraces.”和“Buthowcouldastockcardriverlikememakeadifferencetothekid?”可知，面对生病无助的孩子，作者认为比赛没那么重要。故选C项。24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的骨头很容易折断，一个拥抱可能会伤到其中一根。A.damage伤害；B.cure治愈；C.change改变；D.influence影响。根据前文“Hisbonesweresoeasytobreak”可知，甚至一个拥抱都有可能伤害到他的骨头。故选A项。25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他笑得很开心。A.sound声音；B.goal目标；C.face脸；D.smile笑容。根据前文“Thatdayhewassittinginawheelchair,assmallasathreeyearoldchild,andhislegsweregnarledandatrophied(扭曲萎缩).”和“However,hehadabig”可知，即使Gil身体遭受极大痛苦，但是他很乐观，面带笑容。故选D项。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我怕把他的骨头弄碎，所以没有和他握手。A.examine检查；B.outstretch伸展；C.move移动；D.shake握手。根据前文“Forfearofbreakinghisbonesintopieces”可知，作者哲因为害怕伤害到Gil的骨头，没有握他的手。故选D项。27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，我举起了手。A.Instead相反；B.Generally一般；C.Obviously明显地；D.Furthermore而且。后文“Iheldupmyhand.”与前文“Ididn’t11hishand.”是转折关系。故选A项。28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我屈膝，然后我们聊了起来。A.legs腿；B.feet脚；C.knees膝盖；D.ankles脚踝。根据上文“Thatdayhewassittinginawheelchair,assmallasathreeyearoldchild,”可知，作者屈膝和他说话。godownonone’sknees是固定短语，意为“跪下，屈膝”。故选C项。29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是纳斯卡的超级粉丝。A.fan粉丝；B.expert专家；C.petitor比赛者；D.developer研发者。根据后文“watchingtheracesandlearningeverythingaboutthedrivers”可知，Gil是NASCAR(全国运动汽车竞赛协会)的粉丝。故选A项。30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他不能出去到处跑，但看比赛，了解车手的一切，让他从痛苦中解脱出来。A.holdon抓住；B.runaround到处跑；C.giveup放弃；D.breakthrough突破。根据前文“couldn’tgooutsideand”可知，Gil不能随意到处乱跑着玩。故选B项。31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不能出去到处跑，但看比赛，了解车手的一切，让他从痛苦中解脱出来。A.debt债；B.task任务；C.optimism乐观；D.pain痛苦。根据前文“butwatchingtheracesandlearningeverythingaboutthedriversdistractedhimfromhis

16”可知，虽然不能出去玩，但是看比赛和了解赛车手可以让他身体的痛苦中解脱出来。故选D项。32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我曾经想过这意味着什么吗？A.meant意味着；B.brought带来；C.split分裂；D.needed需要。根据后文“WinningiswhatI’malwaysaimingfor.That’smyjob,”可知，作者很少反思过赢意味着什么。故选A项。33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我的工作，也是我养家糊口的方式。A.love爱；B.manage管理；C.support支持，供养；D.encourage鼓励。根据前文“That’smyjob”可知，赛车是作者养家糊口的方式。supportone’sfamily意为“养家糊口”。故选C项。34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但胜利不仅仅是第一个冲过终点线。这两个孩子才是真正的赢家。A.straight直线；B.finish终点；C.start开始；D.red红色。根据前文“winning”可知，赢意味着冲过“终点线”finishline。故选B项。35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但胜利不仅仅是第一个冲过终点线。这两个孩子才是真正的赢家。A.losers失败者；B.cooperators合作者；C.winners赢家；D.doctors医生。根据前文“Butwinningismorethanjustcrossingthe19linefirst.”以及上文中两个男孩的故事，作者认为，赢不只是冲过比赛中的终点线，赢应该从整个生命和生活意义的层面上来定义，而两个孩子的积极态度才是赢得了与困难作斗争的这场人生的比赛。故选C项。第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题分，满分50分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A（2023·天津·统考二模）ApplyingtostudyintheUKisastraightforwardprocessandwewillguideyouthroughitstepbystep.DecideonauniversityorcollegeandcourseingtostudyintheUKisyouropportunitytogaintheskills,outlookandconfidenceyouneedtofulfilyourpotential.Toensureyouchoosethecoursethatisrightforyouandforwhatyouwanttoachieve,itisbesttoreadasmuchasyoucanabouttherangeofcourses,collegesanduniversitiesavailableandparethem.Itisalsoimportanttocheckthecourseentryrequirements.Youcandothisusingourcoursesearchtool,orthecourseprofilesontheinstitutions’websites.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,youcancontacttheuniversitydirectly,whowillbeveryhappytohelpyoufindtheinformationyouneed.RegisterandapplyApplyingforanundergraduatecourseintheUKissimple:thereisoneplacewhereyoucanregisterandapplytoalloftheUKuniversitiesandcolleges—youregisterandapplythroughUCAS(UniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService).PostgraduatecoursesintheUKhavetheirownspecificentryrequirementsandapplicationprocesses,sochecktheindividualcoursewebsitesforinstructionsonhowtoapply.Clickheretofindoutmoreabouttheapplicationprocedure.AcceptyourofferYouruniversityorcollegewillcontactyou(usuallyviaemail)totellyouwhetherornotyouhavereceivedanoffertostudy.IfyouappliedviaUCASit’seasytotrackthestatusofyourapplicationatanytime.Ifyouareacceptedwithanunconditionaloffer,thencongratulations!Youhaveaplaceandyoucanacceptstraightaway.Ifyouareacceptedwithaconditionaloffer,theplaceisyoursaslongasyoumeetafewextrarequirements.ThiscouldbeachievingcertainexamgradesorEnglishlanguagetestscores.PrepareforyourstayOnceyouhaveyourofferandyourvisa,it’stimetogetpacking!36．WhatisanecessaryrequirementforapplyingtostudyintheUK?A．Fulfillingyourpotentialandskills.B．Meetingthecourseentryrequirements.C．Buildingconfidencetostudywell.D．Takingrequiredcoursesinadvance.37．Morespecificinformationofthecoursesandcollegesisavailablefrom________.A．exploringthecourseprofilesB．usingthecoursesearchtoolC．phoningorwritingtotheuniversityD．searchingtheinstitutions’webs38．Applyingforpostgraduatecoursesrequires________.A．registeringatUCASfirstB．applyingthroughUCASC．contactingtheadmissionsserviceD．followingcourseinstructions39．WhatistheadvantageofapplyingthroughUCAS?A．Gettingupdateswheneveryouwant.B．Receivingthejobapplicationresulteasily.C．Emailingyoutheofferinformationquickly.D．Offeringyoustudyopportunityreadily.40．Ifyoureceiveaconditionaloffer,youwillhaveto________.A．waitforthefinaldecisionB．fulfillsomeadditionalcriteriaC．takeupthepositionquicklyD．sitforfinalexamsagain【答案】36．B37．C38．D39．A40．B【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章对于如何申请在英国学习给出了详细的步骤。36．细节理解题。根据文章Decideonauniversityorcollegeandcourse部分“Itisalsoimportanttocheckthecourseentryrequirements.(检查课程入学的要求也很重要。)”可知，申请在英国学习的基本要求就是你需要满足课程入学的要求，故选B。37．细节理解题。根据文章Decideonauniversityorcollegeandcourse部分“Ifyouhaveanyquestions,youcancontacttheuniversitydirectly,whowillbeveryhappytohelpyoufindtheinformationyouneed.(如果你有任何其他问题，可以直接联系大学，大学都会乐意帮助你找到你所需要的信息。)”可知，关于大学和课程，更多具体的信息可以通过直接给大学打或者写信的方式获取，故选C。38．细节理解题。根据文章Registerandapply部分“PostgraduatecoursesintheUKhavetheirownspecificentryrequirementsandapplicationprocesses,sochecktheindividualcoursewebsitesforinstructionsonhowtoapply.(UniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService).(英国研究生课程有着它们自己特定的入学要求和申请过程，因此你需要查看个人课程网站来寻找关于如何申请的说明。)”可知，申请研究生课程需要遵循课程说明，故选D。39．细节理解题。根据文章Acceptyouroffer部分“IfyouappliedviaUCASit’seasytotrackthestatusofyourapplicationatanytime.(如果你通过UCAS申请的，你可以随时跟踪你的申请状态。)”可知，通过UCAS申请的好处在于可以随时了解关于申请的最新信息，故选A。40．细节理解题。根据文章Acceptyouroffer部分“Ifyouareacceptedwithaconditionaloffer,theplaceisyoursaslongasyoumeetafewextrarequirements.(如果你被有条件录取，只要你满足一些额外的要求，这个名额还是为你留着。)”可知，如果你收到了有条件录取，那么你就必须要达到一些额外的标准，才能被正式录取，故选B。B（2023·天津·校联考二模）Onlyshockpreventedthetearsfromstreamingdownmyface.Mycellsweredead.AfterbeingacceptedintothepetitiveStanfordInstitutesofMedicineSummerResearchProgram(SIMR),andspendingapproximately170hoursofthepastmonthstudyinghumanembryonicstemcells(hESCs)(人胚胎干细胞),Iwasbacktosquareon—withonlyonemonthofmyinternship(实习)left.HowintheworldwasIgoingtomakeupforlosttime?AsIaskedmyselfthequestion,IthoughtbacktoexactlyhowIhadspentthose170hoursworkingtodevelopthestemcells.Istartedmyinternshipalittleoverwhelmedbytheplexequipmentinthelab.AfterIfamiliarizedmyselfwiththeequipment,IbegantofindthefunctionofPRDMI—agenethoughttocontrolreplication(复制)inhESCs.First,though,Ineededtomakeagrowthmedium(培养基)forthehESCs.Ipainstakinglymeasuredtothetenmillionthofaliter,testingtheaccuracyofeachmeasurementmultipletimesbeforefinallyputtingitintothemediumsolution.AfterIplatedthehESCsonmynewmedium,Iwaitedwithbatedbreathfortheresults.Tomyjoy,twodayslater,mycellsweregrowingverywellandevenoutgrowingtheirnewhome.IsuccessfullycreatedhundredsofstablehESCs.Everythingseemedtobegoingsowell.Butnow“Nancy,Iknowtakingthenewsthefirsttimecanbehard,butkeepinmind,youprobablydidn'tdoanythingwrong.Youknowhowsensitivetheyare.Thissortofthingismonwhenworkingwithstemcells,”theprogramdirectorsaidgently.“Iknow,”Isaid.“I’mreadytotryagain.”ThomasEdisonsaid.“Ourgreatestweaknessliesingivingup.Themostcertainwaytosucceedisalwaystotryjustonemoretime.41．WhatdoweknowabouttheauthorfromParagraph1?A．Shewasseriouslyillbecauseofacelldisease.B．Herinternshipwasshortenedforsomereason.C．Herresearchresultdidn'treachherexpectation.D．Shecriedalotafternotacplishinghergoal.42．Howlongdidtheauthor’sinternshipremainwhenthecellslosttheirlives?A．Onemonth. B．Twomonths.C．Onehundredandseventyhours. D．Oneyear.43．Whatarethefeelingsexpressedintheunderlinedsentence?A．Doubtandconfusion. B．Reliefandrelaxation.C．Anxietyandeagerness. D．Sadnessanddisappointment.44．Accordingtotheprogramdirector,whatisveryusualduringreplicationinhESCs?A．Effortsmadeinvain. B．Cellsgrowingtoobig.C．Researchersgettinginjured. D．Mediumsolutionincorrectlymeasured.45．Whatdoestheauthortrytotellusthroughthisstory?A．Hardworkalwaysbringsgoodluck. B．Sticktohopeandnevergiveup.C．Thinktwicebeforeyouact. D．Nevermissamistake.【答案】41．C42．A43．C44．A45．B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在斯坦福医学院暑期研究项目(SIMR)实习期间的经历，在那里他们花了170个小时研究人类胚胎干细胞(hESCs)。在最初成功地制造出稳定的hESCs后，他们发现这些细胞已经死亡。作者感到震惊和不知所措，回忆起他们在工作中付出的努力，并决定不顾挫折再试一次。41．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Onlyshockpreventedthetearsfromstreamingdownmyface.Mycellsweredead.(只有震惊使我的眼泪没有从脸上流下来。我的细胞都死了)”可知，作者研究所培养的细胞都死了，即她的研究结果没有达到她的预期。故选C。42．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Iwasbacktosquareon—withonlyonemonthofmyinternship(实习)left.(我又回到了正轨——我的实习只剩下一个月了)”可知，在培养的细胞死亡时，作者的实习期只剩下一个月的时间。故选A。43．词句猜测题。根据划线句前面的内容“AfterIplatedthehESCsonmynewmedium,(我把hESCs镀在新培养基上后)”以及划线句后面的句子“Tomyjoy,twodayslater,mycellsweregrowingverywellandevenoutgrowingtheirnewhome.(令我高兴的是，两天后，我的细胞生长得非常好，甚至超过了它们的新家)”可知，作者提交了自己新的培养基后，以一种期待的焦急和渴望的心情等待着实验结果。由此推知，划线句与C选项为同义词，即表示“焦急和渴望”。故选C。44．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Thissortofthingismonwhenworkingwithstemcells.(这种情况在处理干细胞时很常见)”可知，在实验过程中培养的细胞死亡是非常常见的事情。故选A。45．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ThomasEdisonsaid.“Ourgreatestweaknessliesingivingup.Themostcertainwaytosucceedisalwaystotryjustonemoretime.(托马斯·爱迪生说。“我们最大的弱点在于放弃。成功最可靠的方法就是再试一次)”可推知，作者通过自己的故事告诉读者坚持希望不要放弃。故选B。C（2023·天津河北·统考二模）EveryyearmillionsofbreedingmonarchbutterfliesintheUSandsouthernCanadasearchformilkweedplantsonwhichtolaytheireggs.Concernoverdecreasinghabitathasurgedconservationiststocreatemonarchfriendlyspacesalongroadsides,whicharemorethanenough—withinthebutterflies’rangeandusuallypubliclyowned.Buttrafficnoisestressesmonarchcaterpillarsout,anewstudyfinds.Theyeventuallydobeedesensitized(使不再敏感)toit—butthatmightcausetroubletothemlateron,too.Noisepollutionisknowntoaffectthelivesofbirds,whalesandothercreatures.Butuntilrecently,scientistshavenevertestedwhetheritleadstoastressresponseininsects.WhenAndyDavis,aconservationphysiologistattheUniversityofGeorgia,noticedonlinevideosofroadsidemonarchcaterpillarsapparentlymovingwithshortquickmovementsfromsidetosideorupanddownascarscameby,hewonderedhowtheconstantnoisemightaffectthem.Davisbuiltaspecialcaterpillarheartmonitor,fittingasmallsensorintomicroscopetopreciselymeasuremonarchcaterpillars’heartratesastheylistenedtorecordingsoftrafficsoundsinthelaboratory.Theheartsofcaterpillarsexposedtohighwaynoisefortwohoursbeat17percentfasterthanthoseofcaterpillarsinasilentroom.Buttheheartratesofthenoise—exposedgroupreturnedtobaselinelevelsafterhearingthetrafficsoundsnonstopfortheirentire12daydevelopmentperiod,DavisandhiscolleaguesreportedinMayinBiologyLetters.“Thisdesensitizationcouldbeproblematicwhenthecaterpillarsbeeadults,”saysDavis.ArapidstressresponseisvitalformonarchbutterfliesontheirtwomonthjourneytospendwintersinMexico,astheynarrowlyescapepredatorsandfightwindcurrents.Whetheranoisydevelopmentalperiodreducesmonarchs’survivalratesremainsunknown,notesRyanNorris,anecologistattheUniversityofGuelphinOntario,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Butinanycase,hebelievesroadsidehabitatsalmostcertainlydriveupthebutterflies’deathratesasaresultofcrasheswithcars.“Therearesomanypotentialroadhabitatsformonarchsandotherinsects—itwouldbesuchanicethingtotakeadvantageof,”Norrissays.“Butyoujustcan’tgetaroundthetraffic.Ithinkroadsandmonarchsjustdon’tmix.”46．Whydidconservationistscreatemonarchfriendlyspacesalongroadsides?A．Becausetheyconcernedoverdecreasingmonarchhabitat.B．Becauseitwasvitalforthemonarchtogrowquickly.C．Becausetheywereurgedtomakeanexperiment.D．Becauseitwasgoodforthemonarchtomigrate.47．WhatinspiredAndyDavistoexploretheeffectofnoiseonmonarchcaterpillars?A．Therehadbeenlittleresearchonmonarchcaterpillars.B．Videosshowedcarscrashedintomonarchcaterpillars.C．Therewasnosuchrecordofmonarchcaterpillars’heartrates.D．Hefoundthatmonarchcaterpillarsshookwithcarsmovingby.48．AccordingtoAndyDavis,whatmighthappentomonarchbutterflieswhenexposedtotrafficnoise?A．Theyarelikelytoneedmoretimetodevelop.B．Theyarelikelytolosetheirwayontheirjourney.C．Theyaremorelikelytodiebeforetheybeeadults.D．Theyaremorelikelytobekilledandeatenintheirmigration.49．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisRyanNorrismostlikelytoagreewith?A．Monarchs’survivalratesaredecreasingeachyear.B．Peopleshouldavoidbuildingroadsidehabitatsforinsects.C．Morecapitalisneededtostudymonarchs’developmentalperiods.D．Butterflies’risingdeathrateshavenothingtodowithmovingcars.50．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A．TheRelationshipsBetweenMonarchButterfliesandHighwayB．TheEffectsofHighwayNoiseonMonarchButterfliesC．TheChangesofMonarchButterfliesAlongHighwayD．TheBenefitsofProtectingMonarchButterflies【答案】46．A47．D48．D49．B50．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了公路上行驶中的车辆造成的噪音对黑脉金斑蝶的影响：黑脉金斑蝶毛虫如果在噪声中度过发育期，导致对声音脱敏，不再产生快速的应激反应，最终在越冬之旅中可能会遭遇杀身之祸。46．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Concernoverdecreasinghabitathasurgedconservationiststocreatemonarchfriendlyspacesalongroadsides,whicharemorethanenough—withinthebutterflies’rangeandusuallypubliclyowned.(出于对栖息地减少的担忧，环保人士敦促他们在路边创造对黑脉金斑蝶友好的空间，这些空间在蝴蝶的活动范围内，通常是公有的，且绰绰有余。)”可知，自然资源保护主义者要在路边创造对黑脉金斑蝶友好的空间是出于对黑脉金斑蝶的栖息地在日益减少的担忧。故选A项。47．细节理解题。根据第二段“WhenAndyDavis,aconservationphysiologistattheUniversityofGeorgia,noticedonlinevideosofroadsidemonarchcaterpillarsapparentlymovingwithshortquickmovementsfromsidetosideorupanddownascarscameby,hewonderedhowtheconstantnoisemightaffectthem.Davisbuiltaspecialcaterpillarheartmonitor,fittingasmallsensorintomicroscopetopreciselymeasuremonarchcaterpillars’heartratesastheylistenedtorecordingsoftrafficsoundsinthelaboratory.(乔治亚大学的保护生理学家安迪·戴维斯在网上看到在汽车经过时路边的黑脉金斑蝶毛虫会明显地左右或上下快速移动的视频，他想知道持续不断的噪音会对它们产生什么影响。戴维斯制造了一种特殊的毛虫心脏监测器，在显微镜上安装了一个小传感器，当它们在实验室里听交通声音录音时，可以精确测量帝王蝶的心率。)”可知，安迪·戴维斯发现黑脉金斑蝶毛虫在汽车经过时有明显颤抖，这个现象启发他去探索噪音对黑脉金斑蝶毛虫的影响。故选D项。48．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句“‘Thisdesensitizationcouldbeproblematicwhenthecaterpillarsbeeadults,”saysDavis.ArapidstressresponseisvitalformonarchbutterfliesontheirtwomonthjourneytospendwintersinMexico,astheynarrowlyescapepredatorsandfightwindcurrents.(戴维斯说，当毛虫成年后，这种脱敏可能会产生问题。在长达两个月的墨西哥越冬之旅中，快速的应激反应对黑脉金斑蝶来说至关重要，因为它们要与气流作斗争，侥幸逃脱捕食者。)”可知，在噪音中成长的毛虫会对噪音脱敏，不再产生快速的应激反应，最终会使他们更有可能在越冬之旅的迁徙过程中被杀害、被捕食。故选D项。49．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whetheranoisydevelopmentalperiodreducesmonarchs’survivalratesremainsunknown,notesRyanNorris,anecologistattheUniversityofGuelphinOntario,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Butinanycase,hebelievesroadsidehabitatsalmostcertainlydriveupthebutterflies’deathratesasaresultofcrasheswithcars.‘Therearesomanypotentialroadhabitatsformonarchsandotherinsects—itwouldbesuchanicethingtotakeadvantageof,’Norrissays.‘Butyoujustcan’tgetaroundthetraffic.Ithinkroadsandmonarchsjustdon’tmix.’(安大略省圭尔夫大学的生态学家RyanNorris没有参与这项研究，但他指出，嘈杂的发育期是否会降低黑脉金斑蝶的存活率尚不清楚。但无论如何，他认为路边栖息地几乎肯定会提高因汽车碰撞导致蝴蝶的死亡率上升。Norris说：‘对于黑脉金斑蝶和其他昆虫来说，有很多潜在的道路栖息地，这将是一件很好的事情。但你就是无法避开交通，我认为道路和黑脉金斑蝶不能混为一谈。’)”可知，RyanNorris认为“在路边为昆虫建造栖息地”会导致很多黑脉金斑蝶可能撞上汽车而死，同时他认为纵然有潜在的道路栖息地，对于黑脉金斑蝶来说是好事，但是只要