2023年中考语法-非谓语动词讲解及练习

非谓语动词

「构成：（to）+动词原形

动词不炉式

L在句中的作用1除谓语动词外的任何成分）

非

谓厂构成:V.-ing

语动绚IY

I用法（主、宾、表、定）

动

词

「构成：V.-ing/V.-ed（规那么变化）

分词

I用法（表、补、定、状）

(-)动名词

一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing"构成

二、动名词的句法功能

功能例句说明

主语Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.谓语动词用单数形式。

吃得太多对你的健康有害。

宾语动词宾语

1Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.我非常喜欢打篮球。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或

Stampsareusedforsendingletters.邮票是被用来寄信经常性的动作。

介词宾语的。

表语Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转

二Collectingstampsishishobby.化成作主语。

定语Sheisinthereadingroom.她在阅览室。只说明它所修饰的词的用途、所

Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.我们应该改进属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。

教学方法。

注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。

我们初中阶段常见的有：finish,mind,beworth,bebusy,practice,havefun,havetrouble/problem(in),spend...(in),

feellike,beusedto(习惯于),giveup,keepon,consider,suggest,can'thelp»我们可按下面的顺□溜记忆这些词。

完成实践值得忙(finish,practice,beworth,bebusy)

继续习惯别放弃(keepon,beusedto,giveup)

考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike)

喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)

（二）动词不定式

一、动词不定时的构成

不定时的根本形式为：to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的t。是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式

的否认形式是not+(to+)动词原形。

二、动词不定式的句法功能

功能例句说明

TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus=Itisnoteasyforusto作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，

主语

speakEnglish.讲英语对我们来说不容易。而把不定式放在后面。

Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroom多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主

表语

everydayismywork.我的工作就是每天清扫这间屋子。语。

一Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?他喜欢做什么运动？只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾

宾语

■—Helikestoplaybasketball.他喜欢打篮球。语。

Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、

宾补

我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。感官动词后，不定式省略to。

定语Haveyougotanythingtosay?你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。

I'msorrytotroubleyou.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语

状语

IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.（表目的）一致。

1.不定式作主语

动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末

其结构为：It+be+adj,(+for/ofsb.)+动词不定式

如：TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.—>ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.

It'simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.

注意：在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如:

It'sverykindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我真是太好啦。

It*sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那样做真是太聪明啦。

2.不定式作宾语

有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：

wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。如：

Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?你今晚想去看电影吗？

②在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：

IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.

③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式

Whynotdo...,Whydon'tyoudo...,hadbetter（not）do...,wouldratherdo,

could/would/willyouplease(not)do...

Iwouldratherstayintheroom.我宁愿待在房间里。

3.不定式作宾语补足语

不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：

Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西让他关小收音机。

tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：

MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。

注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：

一感(feel)、二听(hear,listento)>三让(let,make,have)、四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)o但变被动语

态时，必须加上同。如：

Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。

4.不定式作定语

①不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。

②如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。

Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没有什么可担忧的。

5.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：

Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老师正告诉学生们做什么。

Hedidn'tknowwheretogo.他不知道去哪里。

实战演练(一)

1.I'mthirsty.Willyougetmesomething?

A.drinkB.todrinkC.eatD.eating

2.Itwasgreatfunapicniconthehili.

A.tohaveB.ofhavingC.haveD.had

3.It'sbadforyoureyescomputergamesforalongtime.

A.playsB.toplayC.playD.played

4.--DoyouoftenhearJohninhisroom?

----Yes.Listen!Nowwecanhearhim____inhisroom.

A.sing;tosingB.singing;singingC.sing;singingD.tosing;singing

5.Whynot?

A.lethimtogohomeB.tolethimgohome

C.lethimgohomeD.tolethimtogohome

6.Theyweremadefourteenhoursaday.

A.workB.workingC.workedD.towork

7.Isitalwayseasierfriendsthantokeepthem?

A.makingB.makeC.tomakeD.made

8.It__Jacktwentyminutesthemathproblemyesterday.

A.took;toworkoutB.takes;workedout

C.hastaken;workoutD.istaking;workingout

9.Whenyouleave,don'tforget__offthelight.

A.toturnB.turningC.turnD.turned

10.Whodoyouthinkyou'dlike?

A.tomakefriendsB.makefriends

C.tomakefriendswithD.makefriendswith

11.AlthoughJefflovesKFC,hetriesittoooften.

A.toeatB.noteatC.tonoteatD.nottoeat

12.----Hi,Betty.ShallwegoswimmingthisSunday?

--ThisSunday?Iamsorry,Ihavealotofhomework____thisSunday.

A.todoB.doneC.doD.tobedone

13.Sallyhadnopenyesterdaymorning.

A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith

14.JohnaskedDavidhow__Christmas.

A.celebratingB.tocelebrateC.tobecelebratedD.celebrate

15.WeallconsideredMrZhaoteacher.

A.bethebestB.tobethebestC.beingbestD.beingthebest

16.It'sverykind__youto____me____theheavybag.

A.for;tell;totakeB.of;thank;forC.to;speak;tohaveD.of;help;carry

17.Haveyoudecided?

A.togowithwhomB.whomtogowith

C.whomgowithD.withwhomtogo

18.Herhopeagoldmedalinthe2023OlympicGames.

A.towinB.istowinC.winningD.willwin

19.Themeetingroomisbigenoughonehundredpeople.

A.holdingB.holdC.toholdD.holds

20.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife?

A.tocutthewatermelonwithB.tocutthewatermelon

C.cuttingthewatermelonD.cuttingthewatermelonwith

21.Itisbettertoteachamantofishthan__himfish.

A.givingB.togiveC.givesD.gave

22.Thepolicemanwarnedtheyoungmanafterdrinking.

A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive

23.Whatdoyouthinkisthebestway__thewildanimals?

A.protectingB.toprotectC.protectedD.protect

24.Tdratheronthelandinafactory.

A.work;thanworkB.work;work

C.towork;thantoworkD.towork;towork

25.Mygrandfatherisusedahatinwinter.

A.towearB.forwearingC.wearingD.towearing

26.Fmsorryyouenoughhelp.

A.havegivenB.ofnotgivingC.nottohavegivenD.tohavegiven

27.SomestudentsfromGrade9dosomefortheold.

A.volunteeredto;cleanB.volunteered;cleaning

C.volunteeredto;cleaningD.volunteered;clean

28.Theyoungmanwasoftenseen__bythelake.

A.todrawB.todrawingC.drawD.drew

29.Tomistomakealivingbyhimself.

A.veryoldB.tooyoungC.toobigD.toostrong

30.1find__himallaboutit.

A.necessarytotellB.thatnecessaryto

C.necessaryittotellD.itnecessarytotell

31.Theoldmanseemsinagreathurry.

A.beB.tobeC.beingD.tobeing

32.1____thesameneighborhoodwiththelovelygirl.

A.happenedlivinginB.happenedtolivein

C.washappeninglivinginD.washappeningtolive

33.It'stimeforsuppernow.Let'sit.

A.stoptohaveB.stophavingC.tostoptohaveD.tostophaving

34.Youarenotexpected__suchlonghours.

A.toworkB.workingC.workedD.work

35.Hisfatheragreed__$4,000forthecar.

A.withpayingB.topayingC.topayD.onpaying

36.Themanpretended__whenwesawhim.

A.tobeeatenB.eatingC.beingeatingD.tobeeating

37.Hedoesn'tknow.

A.whentodoB.whattodoC.howtodoD.wheretodo

38.Todayweusemachinesusdomostofourwork.

A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped

39.Shepreferredmethere.

A.tostayB.wouldstayC.IstayD.stay

40.We'regoingtohelpthetrees.

A.wateredB.wateringC.towateringD.water

实战演练（二）

l.Nooneenjoysat.

A.laughingB.tolaughC.beinglaughedD.tobelaughed

2.Youmustdosomethingtopreventyourhouse.

A.tobebrokeninB.frombeingbrokeninC.tobreakinD.frombreakingin

3.Theyinsistedonanotherchancetotry.

A.givenB.givingC.beinggivenD.tobegiven

4.一Whereismypassport?Irememberithere.

——Youshouldn*thaveleftithere.Rememberitwithyouallthetime.

A.toput；totakeB.putting；takingC.putting；totakeD.toput；taking

5.Hisroomneeds,sohemusthaveit.

A.painting；paintedB.painted；painting

C.painting；paintingD.painted；painted

6.Theyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequirewithgreatcare.

A.lookingafterB.tolookafterC.tobelookedafterD.takengoodcareof

7.Apolicemansawtwothieves__agirl'smobilephoneonabusandhecaughtthematonce.

A.tostealB.stealingC.stoleD.stolen

8.Shereturnedhomeonlytofindthedooropenandsomething.

A.missedB.tobemissingC.missingD.tobemissed

9.Shedecidedtodevoteherselftheproblemofoldage.

A.tostudyB.studyingC.tostudyingD.study

10.lttooktheworkmenonlytwohourstofinishmycar.

A.repairingB.repairC.torepairD.repaired

11.It'snogoodoversplitmilk.

A.tocryB.cryingC.criedD.cry

12.Haveyouforgotten$1000frommelastmonth?Willyoupleaserememberit

tomonow?

A.borrowing;tobringB.toborrow;bring

C.borrowed;bringingD.borrowing;bringing

13.Theclassroomwants.

A.cleanB.cleanedC.tocleanD.cleaning

14.Jacksaidthathewouldn'tmindforus.

A.towaitB.waitC.waitingD.waited

15.Mybrotherkeepsmewithmywork.

A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped

16.WeshouldoftenpractiseEnglishwitheachother.

A.tospeakB.spokeC.speakD.speaking

17.Keeponandyouwillsucceed.

A.atryB.tryC.triingD.trying

18.Hisparentsinsistontocollege.

A.heshouldgoB.hegoC.hisgoingD.himtogo

19.Thestorywassofunnythatwe.

A.couldn'thelplaughB.can*tbutlaugh

C.couldn*thelplaughingD.couldn'thelpbuttolaugh

20.Whatabouttotheconcertwithus?

A.wegoB.wegoingC.goingD.togo

21.cleanisasafeguardagainstdisease.

A.lbbekeepingB.KeptC.KeepD.Keeping

22.Seeingis.

A.tobelieveB.believingC.believedD.beingbelieved

23.Thescientistsuggestedtheexperimentinadifferentway.

A.doB.todoC.doingD.done

24.Don'tforgetthisbooktoJohnwhenyouseehim.

A.toreturnB.returningC.returnD.toreturning

25.Onlyoneofthesebooksis.

A.worthtoreadB.worthbeingreadC.worthofreadingD.worthreading

26.Wearebothlookingforwardtonextweek.

A.goingonvacationB.goonvacation

C.begoingonvacationD.havegoneonvacation

27.Hehadnodifficultytheproblems.

A.workingoutB.havingworkedoutC.tohaveworkedoutD.toworkout

28.Iregrettedthattoher.

A.havingsaidB.tohavesaidC.tosayD./

29.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,alongspeechforthepresident.

A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing

30.Don'thavethemachineallthetime.Itwillgowrong.

A.torunB.runningC.beenrunD.run

31.Thefoodwasdelicious.Thatwasameal.

A.satisfyingB.satisfiedC.satisfactionD.satisfy

32.Lookaroundwhenthestreet.

A.acrossB.crossingC.crossedD.tobecrossing

33.Inthemorningshefoundherfatherinbed,dead.

A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying

34.1sawhimintoyourroomwhenyouwerenotin.

A.goneB.goingC.wentD.togo

35.Pleasekeepquiet.Fatherisbusy.

A.workB.toworkC.workingD.works

36.Sallyhadnopenyesterdaymorning.

A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith

37.It'stimeforclass.Stop,please.

A.totalkB.talkC.talksD.talking

38.YoushouldworktonightinsteadofTV.

A.towatchB.watchingC.towatchingD.watched

39.Listen!Canyouhearthegirlthepianointhenextroom?

A.toplayB.playC.playingD.plays

40.Mr.Wangcameintotheofficewithoutthedoor.

A.knockB.knockingatC.toknockatD.knockingto

实战演练（三）

1.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.

A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning

2.Youcan'thavethehorsealltheway.It'stoohot.

A.runB.torunC.runningD.toberunning

3.WhenIcameback,Ifoundthehouseandeverything.

A.wasbroken;tookawayB.brokeninto;takenaway

C.hadbeenbroken;takenD.breakinto;takeaway

4.Thehousetheyinthefloodsmustberebuiltbeforewintercomes.

A.hadwashedawayB.hadtowashaway

C.hadthemwashedawayD.hadwashedthemaway

5.Iwasfortunatetopickupawalletonthegroundonthewaybackhome,butunfortunatelyforme,Ifoundmy

colorTVsetwhenIgothome.

A.lying;stolenB.laying;stealingC.lay;stolenD.lying;stealing

6-Didyouhearherthispopsongthistimetheotherday?

—Yes,andIheardthissonginEnglish.

A.sing;singingB.sung;sungC.sung;singingD.singing;sung

7.ThemoneycollectedshouldbemadegoodusethepeopleinSouthAsiawhosufferedalotinthekiller

earthquakeandtsunami.

A.ofhelpB.tohelpC.tohelpingD.oftohelp

8.WhenIcamehomelastnight,Isawmylittlekidonthebed,withhiswholeattentionuponthebook

aboutHarryPorter.

A.lying;fixingB.lay;fixedC.sitting;tofixD.seated;fixed

9.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren'sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents.

A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry

10.Onmywayhome;Isawathief