实用英语翻译3 Diction

OxfordDictionariesWordoftheYear2013Selfieaphotographthatonehastakenofoneself,typicallyonetakenwithasmartphoneorwebcamanduploadedtoasocialmediawebsite做作业太无趣了，所以我拍了一张自拍照、发布到了网上。Myhomeworkwastooboring,soItookaselfieandpostedittotheInternet.VietnameseWarisadrainonAmericanresources.越南战争不断地消耗美国的资源。Theunpleasantnoisemustbeimmediatelyputanendto.必须立即终止这种讨厌的噪音。ThecreditsysteminAmericawasfirstadoptedbyHarvardUniversityin1872.美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的。ReviewIfyousaythatsomethingisa

drain

onanorganization'sfinancesorresources,youmeanthatitcoststheorganizationalargeamountofmoney,andyoudonotthinkthatitisworthit.(资源、资金的)外流;消耗去年这个地区遭受了60年来最严重的旱灾。Lastyeartheregion

washitby

theworstdroughtin60years.现在已经找到了从垃圾中提取和利用这些材料的方法。Methodsarefound

totakethesematerialsoutoftherubbishandusethemagain.她突然发脾气，使老头大吃一惊。Her

suddenfury

greatlysurprisedtheoldman.Diction

遣词用字..yet,asitsometimeshappensthatapersondepartshislife,whoisreallydeservingofthepraisesthestone-cuttercurvesoverhisbones;whoisgoodChristian,agoodparent,child,wifeorhusband;whoactuallydoeshaveadisconsolatefamilytomournhisloss;...……不过偶然也有几个死人当得起石匠刻在他们朽骨上的好话。真的是虔诚的教徒，慈爱的父母，孝顺的儿女，贤良的妻子，尽职的丈夫，他们家里的人也的确哀思绵绵地追悼他们。Heismycousin.他是我堂（表）兄/弟。她铅笔盒里有五支笔。pencil,ballpointpens,writingbrush…哥哥你岸上走，妹妹我坐船头Canwetranslatethemintobrotherandsister?Why?Howtotranslatethefollowingwords?Howtotranslatethefollowingsentence?

Tensionisbuildingup.形势紧张起来。电压在加强。张力在增大。压力在增强。What’swrongwiththefollowingtranslation?AndIsayitisasgreattobeawomanastobeaman.AndIsaythereisnothinggreaterthanthemotherofman.我说，做女人和做男人一样伟大。我说，最伟大的莫如男人的母亲。最后一个man指人（不是男人）。

family的译法：

原文：Doyouhaveafamily?

译文：你有家庭吗？

你有孩子了吗？HighlightsoftheUnitCorrespondencebetweenEnglishandChineseatWordLevelMethodsofDiscriminatingtheOriginalMeaningofanEnglishWordExtensionofthewordmeaning(词义的引申)DictioninChinese-EnglishTranslationⅠ.

CorrespondencebetweenEnglishandChineseatWordLevelword-for-wordcorrespondenceMarxism激光癌症Sun,moon,sky,mountain…马克思主义LasercancerWordswithoutequivalentBabyboomer:rigjackereggathon节气,三伏,三九婴儿潮时代出生的人劫持近海油井设备的人吃煮鸡蛋比赛OneWordwithMultipleEquivalenceoftheSameMeaningWife:妻子、爱人、夫人、老婆、老伴、媳妇、堂客、内人、拙荆…Potato:马铃薯、洋芋、土豆、山药蛋人：Humanbeing,man,people,personOnewordswithseveralequivalentsofdifferentmeaningscousin:堂兄、弟、姐、妹/表兄、弟、姐、妹president总统、总裁、主席、董事长…羊：sheep,goat,lamb,ram,eweFalseequivalence“知识分子”Vs.intellectual我在看书。Iamreadingabook.请在这儿签名。Pleasesignyournamehere.她不得不弯腰去捡棍子。Shehadtobendherbacktopickupthestick.Howtotranslatethefollowingwords?Frenchchalk法国粉笔滑石粉Chinatown中国城镇外国城市里中国人居住区Chinarose中国玫瑰月季Americanbeauty美国美女月月红Germanshepherd德国牧羊人牧羊犬sweetwater淡水、饮用水bedclothes床上用品blacksheep败家子dogear(书页的)折角drygoods纺织品handmoney定金、保证金deadeye神枪手busybody爱管闲事的人FromChinatoPeruDutchtreatFrenchleaveItalianfootballcastleinSpainGreekgift天涯海角各自付费的聚餐不辞而别炸弹空中楼阁，白日梦害人的礼物Ⅱ.MethodsofDiscriminatingtheOriginalMeaningofanEnglishWordDistinguishtheoriginalmeaningofanEnglishwordbymeansofitspartofspeech

Idon’tlikeitwhenshetellsmehowtodothings.Fromwhatyousay,shesounds

liketherightpersonforthejob.WillweeverseethelikeofMozartagain?distinguish

bymeansofsyntax

（从词的语法形式判断）agreement同意people人民use使用anagreement协定apeople民族uses用途Specialpluralscustom

习惯experience

经验thelastword 最后一句话innumber 数目上inspirit 精神上onorder 订购中atthefootof 在…底部makeaspeech 发表演说customs

海关experiences

经验thelastwords 遗嘱innumbers 很多inspirits 兴致勃勃onorders 根据命令atthefeetof 屈服于…makespeeches 指责，教 训Judgingfromthecontextandcollocation(1)Thewarisbecomingthemostimportantstoryofthisgeneration.(2)It’squiteanotherstorynow.(3)LastDecemberthePost(邮报)firstreportedthatprobeswerebeingmadeineachofthosecities,butofficialsrefusedtoconfirmthestory.(1)这场战争将成为这代人所经历的最重大的事件。(2)现在的情况完全不同了。(3)去年12月，《邮报》首先报道调查工作已在那些城市里进行，但是官员们拒绝证实那条消息。Hisplanedevelopedenginetroubleonlysevenmilesaftertakeoff.发生故障Inspiredbytheseideas,in1752Franklindevelopedapracticallightningrod.研制避雷针Todevelopthecapabilitiesofthegeophysicalprospecting…提高能力Wemustdevelopallthenaturalsubstanceinourcountry.开发资源Theword“hot”hasmanymeanings,butinthespecificcollocationsitsmeaningisconcrete.hotbathPepperishot.ahottemperhotmusichotnewshotmaterialhotdispute热水浴胡椒是辣的。暴躁的脾气节奏强的音乐最新消息强放射性物质激烈争论delicateporcelaindelicatefooddelicateskindelicatehealthdelicatediplomaticquestiondelicateearformusicdelicatesenseofsmell精致的瓷器美味的食物娇嫩的皮肤虚弱的身体微妙的外交问题对音乐有鉴赏力灵敏的触觉adrycowadrypartyadrybookadryanswerdryhumoradrybusinessseasondrywinesadryrehearsal不产奶的母牛无酒的聚会枯燥无味的书冷淡的回答冷面幽默生意淡季无甜味的酒空弹演习JudgingfromdifferentbranchesoflearningandspecialtiesThelathe(车床)shouldbesetonafirmbase.车床应安装在坚实的底座上。（机械）Abasereactswithanacidtoformasalt.碱与酸反应生成盐。（化学）Heisonthesecondbase.他在二垒。（体育）Thewearytroopsmarchedbacktothebase.疲惫不堪的士兵列队返回基地。computerswithin-builtpersonalities安装有内置个性芯片的计算机（而非“性格”）Homeapplianceswillalsobecomesosmartthat…家用电器也会变得如此智能化……（而非“聪明”）Governmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovations…各国政府常常不得不出台进一步的革新措施……（而非“介绍”）ⅢExtensionofthewordmeaning(词义的引申）Heavycrop大丰收Heavytraffic交通拥挤1）将词义做具体的引申Alltheirregularitiesofthestudentsinthatuniversityresultinpunishment.在那所大学，学生的任何违纪行为都要受到处分。AstheplanecameinatNewYork’sInternationalAirport,Edithhadamomentoffear.

飞机抵达纽约机场时，艾迪斯心头掠过一阵恐慌。Wisdompreparesfortheworst,butfollyleavestheworstforthedayitcomes.智慧为最坏做好准备，但是愚蠢将最坏留给它到来的那一天。智者做好准备对付最坏的情况，愚者等到最坏的情况来临的时候才着急。智者防患于未然，愚者临渴掘井。2）根据上下文逻辑关系引申转译Opticstechnologyisoneofthemostsensationaldevelopmentsinrecentyears.光学技术是近年来轰动一时的科学成就之一。（不译“发展”）Thebeautyoflasersisthat…激光的妙处在于…（不译“美丽”）Summary：词义的正确选择首先取决于对原文的确切理解对原文词义的确切理解又取决于对原文上下文的推敲有些词看起来很简单，但有时最常用的对应词却不能准确地表达原作的意思。

Ⅳ.DictioninChinese-EnglishTranslation汉译英中的选词BasicPrinciples确切：这个人私贩鸦片(opium)。（secretlysell?）Thismanisatraffickerofopium.简洁：他们你一句，我一句，说个没完。Theytalkedonandon(withoutstopping.)生动：他总算把记者招待会对付过去了。Afterall,hesurvivedthepressconference.不能够字字死译，要考虑英语的含义。为了多积攒点钱买房子，他们省吃俭用。Theylivefrugallytoaccumulatemoremoneytobuyahouse.*Theysavefoodandexpensesto---思想：毛泽东思想MaozedongThought解放思想Liberateone’smind军事思想militarythinking注意词的广义与狭义1．农业是国民经济的基础。Agricultureisthefoundationofthenationaleconomy.2．他从不喝酒。Henevertoucheswine.注意词义的强弱3．恐怖分子的暴行激起了人民的极大愤怒。Theatrocitiesoftheterroristsrousedthepeopletogreatindignation(愤慨；义愤).4．孙中山是个好人。Dr.SunZhongshanwasamanofintegrity.注意词义的褒贬5．我们应该从这里得出一条经验，就是不要被假象所迷惑。Weshoulddrawalessonhere:Don’tbemisledbyfalseappearances.“农民”Vs“peasant”

“地主”Vs“landlord”propaganda注意词的政治含义中国大陆MainlandofChina,Chinesemainland,China’smainlandMainlandChina钓鱼岛DiaoyuIslandsSenkakuIslands注意词的搭配汉英两种语言在长期使用过程中形成了各自的固定词组和搭配用法翻译时必须注意两者的不同，不能把汉语词的搭配用法生搬硬套到英语译文中。浓茶浓云浓雾strongtea