英美议会制度比较

AmericanandBritishparliamentarysystemcomparativeanalysis（经管07级工商4班于少东20070506)Abstract:Politicalinstitutions（set)belongtoPoliticalsuperstructureareas，generallyreferstoitssocialQualitativeadaptationofthenationalauthoritiesandbasicsystem。”Politicalsystemandhumansocietyasthevarioussystems,Isaproductofhistoricaldevelopment，withtimeandspacemark.”1300yearsago，BritishbourgeoisrevolutionLater,thecapitalistcountriesgraduallyestablishandpracticeofthedemocraticpoliticsandpromulgatedtheconstitutionandconstitutionalism,makegraduallyimplementingCapitalisminthefieldsaredeveloped.BothBritainandthepoliticalsystemhasthesametheoreticalbasis:”naturalrights”theoryand"separation"Principle；Thespecificcontentofpoliticalsystemincludesparliamentarysystem,theelectoralsystem,judicialsystem，thegovernmentsystem，Civilservicesystemandpoliticalpartysystem;etc。Allflaunt"people’sdemocracy”,withthemainformsoftherepresentativefordemocracy，Powersystemrunningintheseparationofpowersandthecharacteristicsof”rulebylaw"principle.ThemostfundamentalcapitalistcountriesasHomepoliticalsystemoftwotypicalrepresentative，BritainandtheUnitedKingdominthemaintenanceofbourgeoisinterests，safeguardendowmentsocialistprivateownershipDegrees,carryoutthebourgeoisdictatorshiphasthesameessence.ButinconcretepoliticalsystemlevelandthetwocountriesSincethe精品文档放心下载presentdifferentcharacteristics。精品文档放心下载KeyWords：parliamentarysystem,感谢阅读

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difference英美议会制度之比较摘要:政治制度（PoliticalRegime）属于上层建筑范畴,一般是指与本国的社会性质相适应的国家权利机构和基本制度。”政治制度与人类社会的各种制度一样，是历史发展的产物，带有时间与空间的烙印。”1300多年前，英国资产阶级革命后,资本主义国家逐步建立和实践了民主政治，颁布了宪法并逐步实行宪政,使资本主义在各个领域都得到了长足的发展。谢谢阅读英美两国政治制度具有相同的理论基础:”天赋人权”学说和”三权分立”原则；政治制度的具体内容都包括议会制度、选举制度、司法制度、政府制度、公务员制度和政党制度等；都标榜"人民民主"，以代议制为民主的主要形式；政权体制都实行分权制衡和”法治”原则的特点。而最根本的是作为资本主义国家政治制度的两个典型代表，英美两国在维护资产阶级利益、维护资主义私有制度、实行资产阶级专政等方面具有相同的本质。但在具体政治制度层面两国又各自呈现不同的特点。谢谢阅读关键词：议会制度文化差异Britishparliamentarysystem谢谢阅读A,introductionTheBritishparliamentisknownas"parliament’smother。InBritaintakestheleadincreating感谢阅读capitalistmodeofproduction,andmeanwhiletakestheleadincreatingawiththeappropriate精品文档放心下载Shouldtheconstitutionalsystem,whichistheparliamentforsubstantialpartofthe感谢阅读parliamentarysystem.TheBritishparliamentasthemotherofparliament,reasonhasthe精品文档放心下载followingtheitems。Thelongesthistory.1。Ifthe”modelin1295convenedforthebeginning,thenparliament"，theBritishcontinuousparliamentarypracticehassofarmorethansevenhundredyears。OnlyBritain谢谢阅读Parliamentisconcerned，thehistoryofthelongworldnocountryparliamentcanwatchwithadmiration.精品文档放心下载TheBritishparliamenthistory’spreciousnessisnotonlyliesinitstimelong,butbecauseithasexperiencedthecontradictionofdeepandcomplex,liesinitsplace精品文档放心下载Accumulateexperiencesandlessonsoftherich,liesintheparliamentarypracticecontainssevenhundredyearsofenlightenment.精品文档放心下载2.Overthrowfeudalmonarchystruggleextremelyfullyandsuccess精品文档放心下载Aswithmostcountries，Britainhadlongfeudalsocietyperiodandaccompaniedbythefeudalmonarchy.Howeverapartis,谢谢阅读Alsointhefeudalmonarchy，theBritishcouncilwilltenaciouslyspearedout,andhasbeenindomitabletobindkingship,untilthekingshipresolutelyplacedParliamentbargaineesunder.精品文档放心下载BritishKingsfeudalautocraticmanytendency，haveaplentyofdye—in-the-wooddespot，andtheparliamentpowerbitterest。Therefore,theBritishparliament精品文档放心下载Intheworldknowonlyhavekingshipanddisownparliamentaryauthorityeraofkingship，精品文档放心下载withoutconstraintagaininvariouswaysandsceptrestruggle。Lawmakerstokingplease谢谢阅读May，rightthemselves；Borrowtheking’staxadvice,attackingdemandsanddiscussesthe感谢阅读princesandevilkingsin。Whenpeaceparliamentarystrugglecanstoptheking’sautocratic精品文档放心下载throughWhenparliamentwithacommandarmy,wangjunJueSiwar。Parliamentwaseventoabolishthemonarchyandrepublicanism。Afteraboutfivehundredyearsofinnumerableback精品文档放心下载Closebattle,parliamentfinallyovercomethemonarchyandaerialkingship，willbetransformedintoindependentmonarchywithoutabilityofconductnationalsymbol，andmakethemworkforparliamentarysupremacy感谢阅读Systemservice。TheBritishparliamentforothercountriesovercomemonarchyofsimilarrevolutionoffersrichexperience,oneofthemostvaluedis：useparliamentfinancial谢谢阅读Rightwithwarbeatfrettingkingship,king，withoverheadoperationtransformationkingship.感谢阅读3.Createnewelectoralsystem感谢阅读Britainfromfeudalsocietyperiodalreadyformedasenateelectionsystems,andhavebeenusedtothe19thcenturyprophase。Thefeudalmonarchyofparliament谢谢阅读Theelectoralsystemfacilitatesthekingcalledparliament，whichisbeneficialtotherulersandpluterigelections.精品文档放心下载Parliamentary-based，congressneedstobuildtheirownsocialbasis。From1832onwards，theBritishparliamentcontinuousexploration,establishnewCongressmanelectoral.谢谢阅读Tovoters'property,genderrequirementsgraduallyabolished,agerequirementreducedtotheadministrativedivisions,narrowbasisanddeterminetheconstituencybetweenpopulation。Constituency精品文档放心下载Differences。Results，eighteenyearsofvotersteamup.Ontheotherhand,tothesenatorcandidate'sproperty,gender,age.Qualificationcorrespondingabandoned谢谢阅读Lessrequirements。Thus，civiliancourttoambitiousciviliansopenedthedoor.Partybecomescampaignorganizers，itsetplatform,nominatecandidates，精品文档放心下载Raisingcampaignfunds，stirringvoters。Electionintovotersaroundtheparty’spoliciesandcandidates，andmaketheauthorizedchoice。Countryofvoters,candidate精品文档放心下载People，politicalpartyintheelectionbehavior，andtomakeastandardelectiondisputesrenderanarbitration.OneconstituencyelectionaCongressman,attainsthesimplemajority感谢阅读candidateWhowaselected.TheBritishparliamentbeforeothermostcountriesparliamentgropingbuiltabovenewelectoralsystem，oneofthemanypointsforoneanother感谢阅读Anationalassemblyquoted.精品文档放心下载4.Createmeltcertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelreveal精品文档放心下载Parliamentfromamonarchhandtakenaftertheexerciseofsovereignty,howsovereignty?Britainandotherafewcountriesfacingtheconstitutionalearlierissue感谢阅读Thechallenge,andinitiallymadeanswer，namelycreateBritishmeltcertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelreveal。谢谢阅读ThemaincharacteristicsofBritishmeltcertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelrevealdisplaysin：governmentmembersbytheparliamentciviliancourtmajorityfrontseatsenatorandcompanionsfrontseatconcurrently；651zheng感谢阅读Mansiontocivilianscourtyardbearthecollectiveresponsibilityandministerpersonalresponsibility;Thegovernmentarrangementthelegislationofparliament.MoltencertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelrevealoriginallyintheBritishparliamentforoverheadkingAdministrativepower,andbytheparliamentadoptedbytheexecutivepowercontrol,thusconsolidateparliamentarysupremacysystem.Unexpectedis，withmodernBritishgovernmentduty谢谢阅读Inflation，exercisingadministrativepowerofthegovernment,thelegislativecouncilgraduallymanipulationoftheparliamentaryvotetolanguish.精品文档放心下载PracticeshowedthatBritishmeltwithcertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelrevealearlieritcreatedtheUnitedStatestruly，convenientdecentralizedcomparedthegovernmentpolicyintolegalandthenpush感谢阅读Do，yetitexcessiveweakenedstateparliamentintheroleofdecision-makingproceduresinparliament’simage,positionadverseverymuch.Inthisconnection,decentralization精品文档放心下载SystemundertheU。S。congresstosafeguarditsaddressingintrepidlegislativepowerandfinancialpower；ManycitedBritishparliamentarymeltcertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelrevealincreasinglyremindourselvesnottofallinto精品文档放心下载Themotherofparliamentposition，theyareentitledtouselesstit—for—tatproposesmuststrengthenparliamentinstateofthedecisionscontrolfunction。谢谢阅读5.Foundedmajoritywithoppositionmode感谢阅读TheBritishparliamentfirstfrankrecognitioninparliamentarypartieswithintheexistence,andpressthedelegatecounthowmanyirrelevanceseatstoassignitsconstitutionalfunction。getCiviliancourtmajorityseatspartytoexerciseadministrativepower,namelyform，butalsoobtainorganizationciviliancourtofthelegislationandtheotherprivileges.谢谢阅读Obtainciviliancourttimesmostseatspartyledtobecomenamelymagnificenceopposition,obtainedwithmajorityconsultationarrangementsciviliancourtagenda，andhavetheprivilegeof感谢阅读Rightrepresentingalloppositiondividesthemotion，thegovernmentshoulddeclareetc,alsohasthepowerseparatearrangementciviliancourtparttimeBianTi，andleadershipinstituteofseveralcivilians感谢阅读KeyADhoccommittee.Seatslessthanotherledtheoppositionpartiesoftheoppositionalsoenjoycertainrights。Overalllook,majorityleaderadministrativeandlegislation精品文档放心下载Method,theoppositionisresponsibleforsupervisionandadministration.Byusingthemajority精品文档放心下载——oppositionrelationmode，theBritishparliamentMPStousethepursuitoffame，谢谢阅读Makethemaccordingtotheirpartiesundertakecorrespondingrelationshipbetweenconstitutionresponsibilities，broketheformerpoliticalpartysystemperiodgovernment—parliamentagainstrelationship，changeandtheformationofthemajority谢谢阅读Thepartyandthegovernment——theoppositionagainstrelations,politicalsituationandconstitutionalismrolecrossed.QuoteBritishmeltcertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelrevealnationalparliamentsmostalsoprimers谢谢阅读WiththeBritishpioneeringmajority--theoppositionsystem.感谢阅读6.Modernparliament’sresponsibility谢谢阅读Thefeudalmonarchy，theBritishcouncilistheresponsibilityofthepetitionrightthemselves，decidetocourt：finance，legislation,supervisionpalace,trialrespondentswhowereentitledto.精品文档放心下载Parliamentboardedthesupremestatus,themodernwelfarestateformation，meltingcertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelrevealrole,allofthesecontributetotheBritishparliamentreassessedhisresponsibilities.感谢阅读Modern，theBritishcouncilwillthefollowingasownduty:legislation，decidethestate谢谢阅读finance，nominategovernment,supervisionandgovernmentwork，trialpublic精品文档放心下载Complaints，debateforvotershandleaffairs,stateandtrialofrespondentswhowereentitled谢谢阅读to。Practiceshowthat,exceptforthehighestappealscourtoutside，themotherofparliament精品文档放心下载liableResponsibilityforallactivitiescomplywithmodernsocietyinparliamentexpected。Therefore,manycountriesparliamentwillalsotheforegoingledtohisresponsibilities。感谢阅读7.EstablishedrulesMembersofparliament,fulfillitsmanymanyresponsibilities，musthavetheaidofparticularwayandrules。TheBritishparliamentfromwhichthecenturybeginsfoundeddeliberationpractices,谢谢阅读Tograduallyexpresslyformulaterules，andtaketheleadhasformedacompletesetofdeliberationandphysical。感谢阅读Civiliancourtwithitspermanentrulesasmainbody，deliberationandpractices，thespeakercutting，suchasthedeliberationandcodeofauxiliarysystemrules,withinthegrand感谢阅读Letonlydeep。Itclassifygrounddeliberationstipulatedeachunitofcomposition,duty,completelegislativeprocedures，andquestionedtheway，debateway，deliberationThetiming,meetingthefunctionofachairman,etc。精品文档放心下载TheBritishparliamentdeliberationbill'sstructureincreasinglyunsuitedtomodernlegislativeproceduresofdemocracyandsciencerequest,bemanycountriesparliamentabandoned。however谢谢阅读But，theBritishparliamentwasinitiatedbythedebatesystem，inquiringsystem，conferencesystembutgetmanynationalcouncilofidentity.精品文档放心下载8.Foundedparliamentprivilege感谢阅读TheBritishparliamentwithamonarch'sstruggle，inordertoprotectyourselffromthethreat，感谢阅读undisturbedmeeting，taketheleadinthecreationofparliamentprivilege。now谢谢阅读Generation，parliamentprivilegetopreventtheoutsideparliamentstrengthinterference，感谢阅读destroyparliament,stillindispensable.Becauseofthis，manycountriesparliamentemulated精品文档放心下载TheBritishcouncil，settherespectiveprivilege.精品文档放心下载9。Exploreparliamentfull-timeglycosylated感谢阅读MedievalEnglandcouncilalsojustpart—timetype.Inordertomaintaintheparliament’ssupremestatus,effectivelyfulfillparliamentofmodernduties,theBritishparliament精品文档放心下载Firstonfull—timechangepath.TheBritishparliamentfull-timeofconstructioninvolvessuchimportantcontent.First，obtainspecialofficespaceandfacilities，and谢谢阅读Decidesitsdevelopment.Second,senatorsalary,andobtaintheofficeexpenses，equippedwithassistant.Third,settingacompleterangeofassistantandserviceagencies。精品文档放心下载Fourth,equippedwiththenecessaryauxiliaryinstitutions.Fifth，executeconferencesystem.TheBritishparliamentinfull—timeofexploration,ofofficespace,thetimeofthemeeting,etcImportanceveryearlyhasknown，itsmeasuresalsoprovedtobeworthemulated.Butsenatorsalary，equippedwithassistantforparliamentequippedwiththenecessaryauxiliarymachineComposeonissuessuchas，theBritishcounciltrudgedwithoutmeaning,eventuallyhadtoquotetheexperienceofothercountriesparliament.精品文档放心下载Anyhow,theBritishparliamentasthemotherofparliament，andnotinthesensethatitprovidesusallsuccessfulexperience，butsaidittooktheleadinexploringtherepresentativeRoad.Itinexploringtimeearlierthantheinter—parliamentary,contentisverydeep，itsexperienceorteachandthereforehavetofinalizethedesignstrength,availabletousorborrowJian，oroftheincident。精品文档放心下载Moderncountries,mostexecutessimilarBritishmeltcertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelreveal。So，thoroughlyunderstandtheBritishparliament，weknowofthesecountriesparliamentandits谢谢阅读Thewholeconstitutionsystem，ismucheasier.Afewcountriesimplement，andseveraldecentralizedstatepracticesbetweencertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelrevealanddecentralizedfusionbetweenprospectivepoints谢谢阅读Certaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelreveal.UnderstandtheBritishcouncil,willgreatlyhelpustounderstandthesetwokindsofstatecouncil,andeventhewholeconstitutionsystem，fortheyareboth谢谢阅读ConsciouslyquotedBritishparliamentary-basedlong,remedyitsshort,anddesignoftheirrespectiveconstitutionsystemandparliament。精品文档放心下载Americanparliamentarysystem精品文档放心下载Federalregulators—congress精品文档放心下载America’stoplegislature。Composedbythesenateandthehouseofrepresentatives.Congressexerciselegislativepower。Billgeneralafterputtingforward，committee谢谢阅读Thedeliberation，54％personnelcongresstoconsiderprograms。Acourtispassed，totheotherhouse，whichinturnafterthesameprogram。Billby精品文档放心下载AfterthePresidentsignedbythehouseandsenate，IfthePresidentdoesn’tveto，orifthevetobutthesenate2/3members，namelyformalintothroughagain感谢阅读Forthelaw.Congressalsohasotherpowersprescribedbytheconstitution.Asdeclaredpower，therighttoamendtheconstitutionetc。Housesareequippedwithxu谢谢阅读Manycommittee,andsetupbysenatelawmakerscomposedofjointcommittee，congresswork精品文档放心下载mostlyineachcommittee.Commissionisdividedinto:感谢阅读(1）theSCMMeachsessionofcongress,thenumberisendlessandsame,termandeachsessionofparliamentwithtenureastwoyears。Theinfluenceare：谢谢阅读Thehouserules,tax,grant，military,judicialandforeignaffairscommittee，thesenatediplomatic，funding，finance，谢谢阅读Judicialandmilitaryaffairscommittee.谢谢阅读(2）specialinvestigationcommittee，forthetreatmentoftemporaryorsetupspecialproblems。精品文档放心下载jointcommittee，needtomakedecisionsaboutthecommonhouseandsenateisformed。4themediationcommittee,itstaskistodrawupabipartisanbillacceptablefor.Congressalsosetsupthetotalauditroom,libraryofcongress精品文档放心下载Suchastheagencies.Thesenate精品文档放心下载ThePresidentwithforeignstatestreatiesandappointedbythePresidentoftheseniorofficialsmustbeapprovedbythesenate，thesenateentitledimpeachmenttrial，谢谢阅读EntitledtounderspecialconditionscheckvicePresident.Senatordirectlyelectedbythestatesvoters，eachstate2,implementstaterepresentation感谢阅读Theprincipleofequality。Existingmembers100.Waselectedsenatormustbeatleast30yearsold，astheU。S。citizensisfullalready9years,waselected谢谢阅读Forselectedresidentsofthestates。Term6