2023年考研外语提分试卷7

考研外语提分试卷7

一、UseofEnglish

1、Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimental

way,oneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Color

asseenisamobile,changeablething(1)toalargeextent

ontherelationshipofthecolor(2)othercolors(3)

simultaneously.Itisnot(4)initsrelationtothedirect

stimuluswhich(5)_____it.Ontheotherhand,theproperties

ofsurfacesthatgive(6)tocolordonotseemtochange

greatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolor,usually

(butnotalways)lookingmuchthesameinartificiallightas

indaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobe(7)inlarge

parttothemechanismofcolor(8).

Whentheeyeis(9)toacoloredarea,thereisanimmediate

readjustmentofthe(10)oftheeyetocolorinandaround

thearea(11).Thisreadjustmentdoesnotpromptlyaffect

thecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhich

the(12)isshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewing,the

higherthe(13),andthelargerthearea,thegreaterthe

effectwillbe(14)itspersistenceinthe(15)

viewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightand

Schouten,itappearsthat,at(16)forafirst

approximation,fulladaptationtakesplaceover(17)time

iftheadaptingsourceismoderatelybrightandtheeyehasbeen

in(18)darknessjustpreviously.Also,(19)ofthe

persistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromone

objecttoanother,allofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessor

havesimilarcolors,theadaptationwilltendtobecome

(20)overthewholeeye.

A.liable

B.focusing

C.typical

D.depending

2、(2)

A.with

B.between

C.to

D.upon

3、⑶

A.pursued

B.perceived

C.realized

D.conceived

4、(4)

A.fixed

B.firm

C.bound

D.open

5、(5)

A.creates

B.summons

C.triggers

D.introduces

6、(6)

A.play

B.way

C.rise

D.birth

7、(7)

A.related

B.due

C.devoted

D.close

8、⑻

A.assimilation

B.admission

C.regulation

D.adaptation

9、(9)

A.drawn

B.left

C.exposed

D.subjected

10、(10)

A.sensitivity

B.curiosity

C.decoration

D.impression

IK(11)

A.noticed

B.alarmed

C.neglected

D.tolerated

12、(12)

A.cheer

B.sense

C.gaze

D.thought

13、(13)

A.publicity

B.necessity

C.density

D.intensity

14、(14)

A.bymeansof

B.intermsof

C.withregardto

D.inlinewith

15、(15)

A.transparent

B.succeeding

C.simultaneous

D.proceeding

16、(16)

A.most

B.worst

C.least

D.best

17、(17)

A.brief

B.complete

C.light

D.narrow

18、(18)

A.efficient

B.parallel

C.relative

D.respective

19、(19)

A.regardless

B.despite

C.exclusive

D.because

20、(20)

A.equivalent

B.uniform

C.contrastive

D.complementary

二、ReadingComprehension

1PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

KingRichardIIIwasamonster.Hepoisonedhiswife,stolethe

thronefromhistwoyoungnephewsandorderedthemtobe

smotheredintheTowerofLondon.Richardwasasortof

AntichristtheKing—“thatbottledspider,thatpoisonous

bunch-backedtoad”.

Anyway,thatwasShakespeare'sversion.Shakespearedidwhat

theplaywrightdoes:heturnedhistoryintoavivid,articulate,

organizeddream-repeatab1enightly.Heputthecrouchback

onstage,andsoldtickets.

AndwhowouldsaythattherealRichardknowntofamilyand

friendswasnotidenticaltoShakespeare，smemorablyloathsome

creation?TheactualRichardwentdimmingintothepastand

vanished.Whenalltheeye-witnessesaregone,theartist's

imaginationbeginstotwist.

VariationsontheKingRichardEffectareatworkinOliver

Stone,sJFK.RichardIIIwasart,butitwaspropagandatoo.

ShakespearetookthedetailsofhisplotfromTudorhistorians

whowantedtoblackenRichard'sname.Severalcenturiespassed

beforeotherhistoriansbegantowriteaboutRichard'svirtues

andsuggestthathemayhavebeenavictimofTudormaliceand

whatisthecleverestconspiracyofall:art.

JFKisalongandpowerfulharangueaboutthedeathoftheman

Stonekeepscalling"theslainyoungking”.Whataretherules

ofStone;sgame?IsStonefunctioningascommercialentertainer?

Propagandist?Documentaryfilmmaker?Historian?Journalist?

Fantasist?Sensationalist?Crazyconspiracymonger?Lonehero

crusadingforthetruthagainstacorruptEstablishment?Answer:

someoftheabove.

ThefirstsuperficialeffectofJFKistoraiseangrylittle

scrupleslikeweltsintheconscience.Wouldn'titbeabsurd

ifagenerationofyoungerAmericans,withnomemoryof1963,

weretoform,theirideasaboutJohnKennedy,sassassination

fromOliverStone'sreportofit?Butworsethingshave

happened一including,perhaps,theWarrenCommissionreport?

Stoneusesasuspect,mixedartform,andJFKraisesthe

familiarethicalandhistoricalproblemsofdocudrama.Butso

what?Artistshavealwaysusedpubliceventsasrawmaterial,

havetakenhistoryintotheirimaginationsandtransformedit.

ThefallofTroyvanishedintotheIliad.TheBattleofBorodino

founditsmostmemorab1epermanenceinTolstoy，simaginingof

itinWarandPeace.

Especiallyinaworldofinsatiableelectronicstorytelling,

realhistoryprocreates,endlesslyconjuringnewversionsof

itself.Publiclifehasbecomeametaphysicalbreederof

fictions.Watergatebecameanalmostcontinuoustelevision

miniseries—althoughitisinterestingthatthemovieof

WoodwardandBernstein'sAllThePresident,sMenstayedclose

totheknownfactsand,unlikeJFK,didnotvalidatedark

conjecture.

Shakespeare'screationisusedinthetexttointroduce

A.hispowerfulimaginations.

B.artists;distortionofhistory.

C.hiswell-establishedfame.

D.historians，interestinart.

2、

Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor'scomments

onStone'sorganizationofplots?

A.Bewildering.

B.Superficial.

C.Contradictory.

D.Intricate.

3、

Theword“harangue”(Para.5)connotes

A.corruption.

B.invention.

C.confusion.

D.diffusion.

4、

ItisimpliedthatWarrenCommissionreport

A.isnothingmorethanillusions.

B.livesuptohistorians，expectations.

C.isnotbasedonvalidfacts.

D.fallsvictimtoharshcriticisms.

5、

Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpubliclife

A.isoftenthestuffforartists，fictions.

B.liesoutsidethefieldofhistory.

C.isthefocusofpublicattention.

D.remainsmemorableatalltimes.

6、FormonthstheJapanesesearchedfitfullyfortheright

wordtodescribewhatwashappening.AttheBankofJapan,the

nation，scentralbank,officialsspokeof“anadjustmentphase”.

PrimeMinisteradmittedonlyto“adifficultsituation”.The

EconomicPlanningAgency,thegovernment'srecordkeeper,

referreddelicatelytoa"retreat”.Thentwoweeksago,forthe

firsttimesince1997,theagencydroppeditsboilerplate

referencetothe''expansion,fromitscloselywatchedMonthly

EconomicReport,andthewordgamewasover.Japan'seconomy,

theworld'ssecondlargest,concededtheexperts,wasin

recession.

Thatadmissionconfirmedthebadnewsbusinessmenhadbeen

readingintheirspreadsheetsforseveralmonths."In2022one

marketafteranotherturnedbad”,saysYoshihikoWakamoto,

seniorvicepresidentofToshibaCorp.,whichnowadmitsthat

itspretaxprofitsforfiscal2022,endingMarch31,maybedown

awhopping42%.InApril,whenmanyJapanesecompaniesannounce

theirresultsfor2022fiscalYear,mostwillreportdeclining

profits.BluechipslikeSony,NECandMatsushitahaveall

experienceddropsofover40%inpretaxprofits.Japan's

securityhouses,hitbydecliningcommissionsfromafalling

stockmarket,willannounceevenmoredramaticdrops.Nomura

Securities,onceJapan'smostprofitablecompany,istalking

aboutan80%declineinprofits.Automanufacturers,banks,

airlines,steelcompanies,departmentstores—allareina

slump.

Technically,whatishappeningtotheJapaneseeconomydoesnot

meetAmericancriteriaforarecession,normallydefinedasat

leasttwoconsecutivequartersofnegativegrowth.While

economicgrowthhasslowedinJapan,ithasnotceased.

Governmenteconomistsarepredictinga3.5%increaseinGNPfor

2022.Outsideexpertsarenotsooptimistic.Butnearly

everyoneagreesthatGNPgrowthinJapanisunlikelytoslip

intonegativenumbers,asitdidlastyearintheU.S.and

Britain."There'snoquestionthatweareinarecession”,

pronouncesKunioMiyamoto,chiefeconomistofthe

Sumitomo-LifeResearchInstitute."Butitisarecession,

Japanese-style”.

Duringthelasthalfofthe1990s,Japanesecompaniesbasedmuch

oftheirexpansionaroundtheworldonthewildlyinflated

valuesoftheTokyoStockExchangeandJapan，sfrenziedreal

estatemarket.Nowboththosemarketshavecollapsed.Andwith

long-terminterestratesupfrom5%to7%,Japanesecompanies

arelessabletosellvastquantitiesofhigh-qualitygoodsat

razor-thinprofitmargins.Addedtothisarepressuresfrom

shareholdersforagreaterreturnoninvestments,fromJapan's

tradingpartnersforrestraintsonitsaggressivetrade

practices,andfromitsowncitizensforareductionintheir

workinghourssotheycanenjoythefruitsof40yearsof

relentlesstoil.

Accordingtothewriter,thecurrenteconomicsituationin

0-----£

J12

Japanis

A.muchbetterthanitseems.

B.notasgoodasitseems.

C.nowherenearitsexpansion.

D.atitscrucialpoint.

7、

WelearnfromthetextthatJapanesedefinitionofwhatwas

happeninginJapanis

A.skeptical.

B.inflexible.

C.delicate.

D.changeable.

8、

ThedeclineofJapaneseeconomyin2022ismanifestedinthe

factthattheJapanese

A.companiespredictedtheirresultsforanotherfiscalyear.

B.autoindustrieswentbankruptinaJapanesestyle.

C.securityhousessufferedgreatlossoftheirprofits.

D.realestatemarketquieteddownafteraboom.

9、

Whichofthefollowingcanbestsubstitutetheword

“Technically”(Para.3)withoutchangingitsfunctioninthe

context?

A.Tobeexact.

B.Afterall.

C.Fortunately.

D.Inbrief.

10、

ThewriterseemstoadmitthatJapanesecompaniesgainedgreat

profitsinthe1990smainlybymeansof

A.itsoverseasexpansion.

B.itseconomicplanning.

C.itsworkers'contribution.

D.itshigh-qualitygoods.

11、Eversincetheywerefirststagedin19thcenturyEurope,

world;sfairshaveenabledpeoplefromaroundtheglobetovisit

wondrouspavilionswheretheycandiscoverdistantlandsand

newtechnologies.The2022world'sfairisnoexception,but

italsohasadecidedlynew-eratwist:thewholeeventhappens

incyberspace.

AnonprofitprojectdreamedupbyAmericansCarlMalamud,a

computerconsultant,andVintonCerf,andInternetpioneerand

telecommunicationscompanyVicepresident,theInternet2022

WorldExpositionisadigitalworkinprogress,a

multi-chamberedforumthatcybernautscanhelpbuildand

renovatethroughouttheyear—andperhapslongafterthefair's

officialcloseinDecember.

Whilehigh-techpavilionssetupbysponsoringcorporationsare

featuredprominently,asinrealfairs,thisvirtualexposition

iscloserinspiritandrealitytoavastbustlingbazaar,a

marketplaceforthetalentsandofferingsofthousandsof

individualsandsmallgroups.Anyonewithacomputerandamodem

cannotonly"attend“butalsoparticipateasanexhibitorby

creatinganindividualmultimediaWebsite.

Gettingthefairupandrunningwasbynomeanseasy.Malamud,

36,spentthepastyearshuttlingamong30countries,lobbying

companiesthatinitiallydismissedtheprojectasunwieldyand

unworkable.Whilesomenationsimmediatelysupportedtheidea,

otherscompletelymissedthepointofMalamud，svision:tomake

thefairapublic-worksprojectthatfocusesonwhatthe

Internetcanofferexpertornovice.Oncegrass-rootsgroups

startedbackingtheproject,though,businesseswerenotfar

behind.Bydonatingequipmentandservices,thesecompanies

willgainaccesstomillionsofpotentialconsumerseagerto

seethefirms'latesttechnologies.

Sincetheexposition'sJan.1launch,asmanyas40,000visitors

eachdayfrommorethan40countrieshavetriedthemajor

Websites.MostvirtualvisitorslogonfromtheU.SandJapan,

buttheUnitedArabEmirates,Sweden,SingaporeandEstonia

havebeenrepresented.Commentsloggedinthefair'sguestbook

areoverwhelminglypositive."Wow,theworldisshrinking”,

wroteavisitorfromtheNetherlands.Sincetheirinitial

hesitancy,themajorsponsors-primarilytelecommunications

andsoftwarecompanies一havebecomefirmbelievers.Beyondthe

diversityofcontentandinternationalscope,thefairisa

technologicalmarvel.

Thefastestinternationallinkeverinstalled,thispipeline

couldbethefirststeptowardlayingapermanentnetworkthat

willeventuallyhardwireeverynationintheworldintothe

Internet.Theorganizershopethattheinfrastructure一and

awareness-nurturedbythisexpositionwilllaunchaboominNet

use.

TheorganizersthinksthattheeffectonNetuseofthe2022

world'sfairis

A.hardlypositive.

B.dubiously-oriented.

C.quiteinstantaneous.

D.farreaching.

12、

Wecanlearnfromthetextthat

A.publicvisitorsintendedtoreapgreatprofitsinthefair.

B.somecountriesinitiallyhesitatedtosupporttheproject.

C.technologicalprogressusuallyprecedesaneconomicboom.

D.sponsoringcorporationsoncedismissedthetechnology.

13、

Thetechnologicalfairisintendedbyitsorganizerstobe

A.intheinterestsofpublic.

B.forthesakeofexhibitors.

C.atthemercyoffirms.

D.totheprejudiceofusers.

14、

Theexpression“avastbustlingbazaar”(Para.3)bestconnotes

A.eager.

B.diverse.

C.active.

D.spacious.

15、

Inthewriteropinion,thevirtualexpositioninthenewera

is

A.profitable.

B.rewarding.

C.fruitless.

D.successful.

16、Itwasthebestoftimesor,dependingonyourpolitical

andphilosophicaloutlook,oneofthefoulestandmostdepraved.

Rebellionseemedtobeleapingfromcitytocity,continentto

continent,bysomefieryprocessofcontagion.Radicalstudents

filledthestreetsofMexicocity,Berlin,Tokyo,Prague.In

theU.S.,Chicagoswirledintonearanarchyascopsbattled

antiwardemonstratorsgatheredattheDemocraticConvention.

AndeverywherefromAmsterdamtoHaight-Ashbury,ageneration

wasgettinghigh,actingup.

So,clearly,itwastheyearfromhell一acollective''diveinto

extensivesocialandpersonaldysfunction”,astheWallStreet

Journaleditorializedrecently.Or,dependingagainonyour

outlook,aglobalbreakthroughforthehumanspirit.Onthis,

the25thanniversaryof1968,probablytheonlythingwecan

allagreeonisthat68marksthebeginningofthe“culturewars”,

whichhavedividedAmericaeversince.

Boththesidesofthe“culturewars“ofthe'80sand,90stook

form,inthecriticalyearof'68.Thekeyissuesaredifferent

nowabortionandgayrights,forexample,asopposedtoVietnam

andracism一buttheunderlyingthemesstillechotheclashes

of'68:Diversityvs.conformity,traditionvs.iconoclasm,

self-expressionvs.deferencetonorms.''Questionauthority”,

inotherwords,vs."Fatherknowsbest”.

The25thanniversaryof'68isagoodtimetoreflect,calmly

andphilosophically,onthesedeep,underlyingchoices.Onone

handweknowthatanti一authoritarianismforitsownsake

easilydegeneratesintoarudeandunfocuseddefiance:

Revolution,asAbbieHoffmanputit,“forthehellofit”.

Certainly'68haditswretchedexcessesaswellasitsmoments

ofglory:thepersonaltragedyoflivesundonebydrugsandsex,

theheavycostofriotsanddestruction.Onemighteasily

concludethattheancientrulesandhierarchiesaretherefor

areason一they，reworked,moreorless,foruntoldmillenniums,

sothere，snopointinchangingthemnow.

Butit'salsotruethatwhat“worked“forthousandsofyears

maynotbethebestwayofdoingthings.Democracy,afterall,

wasonceafar-out,subversivenotion,condemnedbykingsand

priests.Inourowncountry,ittookallkindsofhell-raising,

includingawar,togetacrossthesimplenotionthatnoperson

ismorallyentitledtoownanother.Onegeneration'shallowed

tradition一slavery,orthedivinerightofkings一maybe

anothergeneration，sobjectlessoninhumanfolly.

,68wasonemoreawkward,stumbling,halfstepforwardinwhat

Dutschkecalledthe“longmarchz，towardhumanfreedom.Actually,

ithelpedinspiretheworldwidefeministmovement.

DifferentgenerationsofAmericansmaybebestdividedwith

regardto

A.theirworldoutlook.

B.long-heldtraditions.

C.theirownprivileges.

D.socialinstitutions.

17、

Fromthetextwelearnthatthe'68Warwasbestcharacterized

by

A.irrationalnotions.

B.globalbreakthroughs.

C.violentclashes.

D.personaltragedies.

18、

TheviewsofHoffmanandDutschkeonrebellionare

A.parallel.

B.similar.

C.identical.

D.opposite.

19、

Towhichofthefollowingisthewritermostlikelytoagree?

A.Awarbringswithitnothingbutdestruction.

B.Itiswisetoseethe'68Warintoperspective.

C.Revolutionleavesanewgenerationactingup.

D.Ancientrulesarebyallmeansreasonable.

20、

Thewriter(sattitudetowardstheissueis

A.impartial.

B.subjective.

C.biased.

D.puzzling.

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

B、C、D、E、F、G...)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

ThemaplesmokeofautumnbonfiresisincensetoCanadians.

Bestowingperfumeforthenose,colorfortheeye,sweetness

forthespringtongue,thesugarmaplepromptsthissharingof

afavoritemythandoriginaletymologyofthewordmaple.

ThemapleloomslargeinOjibwafolktales.Thetimeofyear

forsugaring-offis"intheMapleMoon”.AmongOjibwa,the

primordialfemalefigureisNokomis,awisegrandmother.

(41).

Knowingthiswasspursuittothedeath,Nokomisoutsmartedthe

colddevils.Shehidinastandofmapletrees,allredand

orangeanddeepyellow.Thismaplegrovegrewbesideawaterfall

whosemistblurredthetrees'outline.Astheypeeredthrough

themist,slaveringwendigosthoughttheysawaragingfirein

whichtheirpreywasburning.

(42).

Fortheirserviceinsavingtheearthmother，slife,these

maplesweregivenaspecialgift:theirwateroflifewouldbe

foreversweet,andCanadianswouldtapitfornourishment.

(43),

ThecontentionthatmaplesyrupisuniquetoNorthAmericais

suspect,Ibelieve.Chinahascloseto10speciesofmaple,more

thananycountryintheworld.Canadahas10nativespecies.

NorthAmericadoeshappentobehometothesugarmaple,the

speciesthatproducesthesweetestsapandthemostabundant

flow.

0----£

,22

ButarewetobelievethatinthousandsofyearsofChinese

history,theseinventivepeoplenevertappedamapletotaste

itssap?Ispeculatethattheydid.

(44).

Whatiscertainisthemaple'sholdfastonournational

imagination.IsleafwasadoptedasanembleminNewFranceas

earlyas1700,andinEnglishCanadabythemid-19thcentury.

Inthefallof1867,aTorontoschoolteachernamedAlexander

Muirwastraipsingatstreetathecity,allsquelchyunderfoot

fromthesoftfeltoffallingleaves,whenamapleleafalighted

tohiscoatsleeveandstuckthere.

Theword“maple“isfrom“mapeltreow”,theOldEnglishtermfor

mapletree,with“mapl"—asitsProto-Germanicroot,acompound

inwhichthefirst'm"—is,Ibelieve,thenearlyworldwide"ma",

oneofthefirsthumansounds,thepursingofababy，slipsas

itpreparestosuckmilkfrommother'sbreast.The“ma〃root

givesriseinmanyworldlanguagestothousandsofwordslike

"mama","mammary","maia",and"Amazon”.Hereitwouldmake

“mapl-"mean"nourishingmothertree”,thatis,treewhose

maplesapinnourishing.

(45).

A.Thesecondpartofthecompound,"apl—”,isavariantof

Indo-Europeanable"fruitofanytree“andtheoriginofanother

Englishfruitword,apple.Sotheprimitiveanalogycompares

theliquidsapwithanothernourishingliquid,mother'smilk.

B.Inonetaleaboutseasonalchange,cannibal

wendigos-creaturesofevil-chasedthroughtheautumn

countrysideoldNokomis,whowasasymbolforfemalefertility.

Wendigosthroveinicycold.Whentheyenteredthebodiesof

humans,thehumanheartfrozesolid.

C.Herewendigosrepresentoncomingwinter.Theywerehunting

tokillandeatpoorNokomis,thewarmembodimentoffemale

fecunditywho,1ikethesummer,hasgrownold.

D.CouldProto-AmericaswhocrossedtheBeringlandbridgeto

populatetheAmericashavebroughtwiththemaknowledgeof

maplesyrup?IsthereaveryoldChinesephraseformaplesyrup?

IsmaplesyrupmentionedinChineseliterature?Fora

non-readerofChinese,suchquestionsaredauntingbutnot

impossibletoanswer.

E.MapleanditssyrupflowsweetlyintoCanadianhumor.

Quebeckershavedevel

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translate