2022年暑假新高三暑假提能英语题型(阅读理解完形填空语法填空)Day 05(解析版)

2022年暑假新高三【暑假提能】英语题型专练（通用版）04

阅读理解+完形填空+语法填空

一、阅读理解

1

ThecityofVenice,Italy,hasfinallymadealong-awaiteddecision.StartingonAugust1,2021,cruise

ships（游轮）willnolongerbeallowedtoenterthecity'swaters.

Contrarytopopularopinion,thesecruiseshipvisitorscontributerelativelylittletothelocaltourismeconomy.

TheNewYorkTimesreportedcruiseshippassengersamountto73%ofvisitors,butcontributeamere18%of

tourismdollars.5,Thepercentageisinvertedforpeoplewhospendatleastonenightatahotel;theyrepresent

14%ofvisitors,but48%ofthebusiness/'

Manypeopleareoverjoyedbythenews,especiallyenvironmentalactivists.Firstly,hecruiseshipswould

disturbthewaterwaysanderode（侵蚀）thefoundationsofalreadyweakbuildings.A2019studypublishedin

Naturefoundthewavescreatedbylargeshipscould^redistributeindustrialpollutantsalreadypresentinthe

waters."Othershavesaidthesesamewavescarvehugeholesintheunderwaterbottomsofbuildings,making

themunstable.Furthermore,whencanalsaredeepenedinordertoallowlargerboats,itdestroyscoastalhabitats

andmakesfloodsworse.Thisispartofthereasonwhy,inrecentyears,Venicehasexperiencedterribleflooding

thatcompletelyfloodedSt.Mark'sSquareandotherlandmarks.

Theannouncementcameasasurpriseasmanydidnotexpecttheregionalgovernmenttoactsoswiftly.In

Aprilaprojectedbanwasissued,butitdependedonfindinganalternativeportfortheships-arequirementthat

localpeoplecomplainedcouldtakeyearstoachieve.Theannouncementmadelastweek,however,didawaywith

thatcondition,allowingthecitytomoveforwardquicklywiththeban.

Hopefully,moretravelersarealsorealizingindustrial-styletourismisaterriblewaytotravelformany

reasons.Ifsnotunlikeindustrialagricultureandfastfashioninthatitsgoalistoforceasmanysights,landmarks,

andcountriesintoastightascheduleaspossible,foraslittlemoneyaspossible.Itsconcentrationonconvenience

erodeshumanconnections,preservationofmeaningfulspotsthatmaketravelsovaluableinthefirstplace.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inverted“meaninParagraph2?

A.Increasedslightly.B.Lookeddownupon.

C.Adjustedaccordingly.D.Turnedupsidedown.

2.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.ReasonsforVenice'sterriblefloods.B.Dangerscruiseshipsbroughtabout.

C.Reactiontothelong-awaiteddecision.D.Damageerosionwavesdidtobuildings.

3.WhatisVenetians'attitudetowardtheAprilban?

A.Unclear.B.Hopeful.C.Doubtful.D.Unfavorable.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.VeniceSays“No"toCruiseShips.B.TheLong-awaitedDecisionisMade.

C.CruiseShipsErodesAncientVenice.D.VeniceTriestoPreserveItsWaterway.

【答案与解析】这是一篇应用文。主要报道了意大利威尼斯市终于做出了一个期待已久的决定。2021年8

月1II开始，游船将不再被允许进入城市的水域。

1.词义猜测题。根据“TheNewYorkTimesreportedcruiseshippassengersamountto73%ofvisitors,but

contributeamere18%oftourismdollars.（据《纽约时报》报道，邮轮乘客占游客的73%,但对旅游收入

的贡献仅为18%。）以及“whospendatleastonenightatahotel;theyrepresent14%ofvisitors,but48%ofthe

business.^（对于至少在酒店住一晚的人来说，他们只占14%的访客，却占48%的业务。”）故可猜测，对

于至少在酒店住一晚的人来说，这一比例是“反向的”，结合选项DTurnedupsidedown“颠倒”意思一致。故

选D项。

2.主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Firstly,hecniiseshipswoulddisturbthewaterwaysanderodethefoundationsof

alreadyweakbuildings.A2019studypublishedinNaturefoundthewavescreatedbylargeshipscould

""redistributeindustrialpollutantsalreadypresentinthewaters.^^Othershavesaidthesesamewavescarvehuge

holesintheunderwaterbottomsofbuildings,makingthemunstable.Furthermore,whencanalsaredeepenedin

ordertoallowlargerboats,itdestroyscoastalhabitatsandmakesfloodsworse.”（首先，游轮会扰乱水道,侵蚀

本已脆弱的建筑的地基。2019年发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究发现，大型船舶产生的波浪可能“重新

分配已经存在于水域的工业污染物还有人说，同样的海浪在建筑物的水下底部凿出「巨大的洞，使它

们变得不稳定。此外，当运河为容纳更大的船只而加深时，它破坏了沿海的栖息地，使洪水更加严重。）

可知，第三段主要讲的是游轮带来的危险。故选B项。

3.推理判断题。根据第四段中"InAprilaprojectedbanwasissued,butitdependedonfindinganalternativeport

fortheships-arequirementthatlocalpeoplecomplainedcouldtakeyearstoachieve/'（今年4月,——项计划中的

禁令发布了，但它取决于为船只找到一个替代港口——当地人抱怨说，这一要求可能需要数年才能实现。）

故可推知，威尼斯人对4月禁令的态度是怀疑的。故选C项。

4.主旨大意题。根据第一段“ThecityofVenice,Italy,hasfinallymadealong-awaiteddecision.Startingon

August1,2021,cruiseships（游轮）willnolongerbeallowedtoenterthecity'swaters.”（意大利威尼斯市终于做

出了一个期待己久的决定。从2021年8月1日起，游轮将不再允许进入城市水域。）可知，文章最好的标

题是“威尼斯拒绝游轮”。故选A项。

2

Librariesareromanticplaces.Theromanceisthatofreading,andthewealthofhumanimaginingand

learningthatiscontainedinthem.Accesstotheknowledgeandliteraryartpoetry,fiction,drama）inalibraryis

precious-andparticularlyvaluabletoyoungmindsandpeopleofanyagewithaninterestineducation.

Itwouldbehardtofindanyonewhoactivelydisapprovesoflibraries.Butwhenitcomestoreality,Britain's

librariesareonlesssolidground.ThenumberofbooksborrowedintheyearendinginMarch.2021was

72.9m,down56%onthepreviousyear.Physicalvisitsalsocollapsed,from214.6mto59.7m.

Ofcourse,thisisthebehaviourthatonewouldexpectduringapandemic.Manylibrarieswereclosedduring

thisperiod,whilepeoplewerediscouragedfromunnecessarymixing.Booksalesclimbedtotheirhighestina

decadein2021,whichsuggeststhatsomeformerusersoflibrariesmayhaveboughtbooksinstead.

Privatelibrariesathome,whetherlargecollectionsorsinglebookshelves,appeartobedevelopingwell.But

thehopemustbethatvisitsandloansatpubliclibrarieswillsoonreturntotheirformerleveltoo.Likeanyother

service,librariesneedusers.Andwhilebooksellersmightinonesenseberegardedascompetitors,infactthevast

majorityofthoseinvolvedinthetrade,frompublisherstopoets,arelibrarylovers.

Thishassomethingtodowiththeromanticideaofthereaderasexplorer,witheverybookadoortoanew

storeoffeelingorunderstanding.Butitalsoinvolvestherecognitionthatifbooksaretoformpartofourlife,

theremustbespaceinpublicforthem.Bookscanbetreasuredpossessions,butthereisalsosomethingspecial

aboutacopythatarrivesinyourhandshavingpassedthroughthoseofothers-andthatwillgoonbeingpassed

betweenstrangerswhoshareyourcuriosity.

5.WhathashappenedtoBritishlibraries?

A.Theyhavebeeninabadstate.B.Theyhavebecomeromanticplaces.

C.Theyhavegotgreatappealforartists.D.Theyhavesufferedgreatlossofusers.

6.WhathasledtothehomelibraryboominBritain?

A.Peopleavoidclosecontactinpublic.B.Manylibrarieshavebeenpulleddown.

C.Peoplehaveaccesstoaffordablebooks.D.Morepeopledisapproveofpubliclibraries.

7.Whatdoestheauthortrytoconveyinthelastparagraph?

A.Booksarepersonalbelongings.B.Librariesareaparadiseforadventurers.

C.Booksshouldbeattachedimportanceto.D.Librariescontributetohumanconnection.

8.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Librarieswillfadeoutofstage.B.Librarieswillholdapromisingfuture.

C.Booksellersbenefitfromlibraries'collapse.D.ThepandemichasboostedBritishbooksales.

【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了图书馆是一个浪漫的地方。浪漫在于阅读，以及其中蕴含的

丰富的人类想象和知识。在图书馆获得知识和文学艺术（诗歌、小说、戏剧）是非常宝贵的，尤其是对年轻

人和任何年龄对教育感兴趣的人来说。同时，认为图书馆将有一个美好的未来。

5.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Butwhenitcomestoreality,Britain'slibrariesareonlesssolidground.The

numberofbooksborrowedintheyearendinginMarch.2021was72.9m,down56%onthepreviousyear.Physical

visitsalsocollapsed,fiom214.6mto59.7m.”（但在现实中,英国的图书馆却缺乏坚实的基础。在截至2021

年3月的一年中，图书借阅数量为7290万册，较上年下降56%。体检次数也大幅减少，从2.146亿次降至

5970万次。）可知，英国图书馆遭受了巨大的用户损失。故选D项。

6.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Ofcourse,thisisthebehaviourthatonewouldexpectduringapandemic.Many

librarieswereclosedduringthisperiod,whilepeoplewerediscouragedfromunnecessarymixing.Booksales

climbedtotheirhighestinadecadein2021,whichsuggeststhatsomeformerusersoflibrariesmayhavebought

booksinstead"（当然，这是人们在疫情期间预计会出现的行为。许多图书馆在此期间关闭，同时人们被禁

止不必要的混合。2021年，图书销量攀升至10年来的最高水平，这表明一些以前的图书馆用户可能转而

购买图书。）可知，人们避免在公共场合密切接触导致了英国家庭图书馆的兴起。故选A项。

7.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Butitalsoinvolvestherecognitionthatifbooksaretoformpartofourlife,

theremustbespaceinpublicforthem.Bookscanbetreasuredpossessions,butthereisalsosomethingspecial

aboutacopythatarrivesinyourhandshavingpassedthroughthoseofothers-andthatwillgoonbeingpassed

betweenstrangerswhoshareyourcuriosity.,）（但它也涉及到认识到，如果书籍要成为我们生活的一部分，就

必须在公共场所为它们留出空间。书可以是宝贵的财产，但当一本经过别人的书传到你的手中时，它也会

有特别的意义——它会在和你一样好奇的陌生人之间传递。）故可推知，作者在最后一段试图表达图书馆

有助于人与人之间的联系。故选D项。

8.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Librariesareromanticplaces.Theromanceisthatofreading,andthewealthof

humanimaginingandlearningthatiscontainedinthem.Accesstotheknowledgeandliteraryartpoetry,fiction,

drama）inalibraryisprecious-andparticularlyvaluabletoyoungmindsandpeopleofanyagewithaninterestin

education.”（图书馆是一个浪漫的地方。浪漫在于阅读，以及其中蕴含的丰富的人类想象和知识。在图书

馆获得知识和文学艺术（诗歌、小说、戏剧）是非常宝贵的，尤其是对年轻人和任何年龄对教育感兴趣的人

来说。）以及第四段中“Butthehopemustbethatvisitsandloansatpubliclibrarieswillsoonreturntotheir

formerleveltoo.Likeanyotherservice,librariesneedusers.Andwhilebooksellersmightinonesensebe

regardedascompetitors,infactthevastmajorityofthoseinvolvedinthetrade,frompublisherstopoets,are

librarylovers."（但人们一定希望，公共图书馆的访客和借阅量也能很快恢复到以前的水平。和其他服务一

样，图书馆也需要用户。虽然从某种意义上说，书商可能被视为竞争对手，但事实上，绝大多数参与这一

行业的人，从出版商到诗人，都是图书馆爱好者。）可知，文章主要讲的是图书馆将有•个美好的未来。

故选B项。

3

WhenMikeFordwasakid,hedreamedofbeingacardesigner.Butwhenhewas11,thingschanged.That's

whenhewenttoacar-designprogramandendeduplearningaboutarchitectureinstead.

“Asayoungster,Iwasluckyenoughtohavesomeconversationswiththepeoplerunningthatsummer

program,hetoldTIMEfbrKids.TalkingwithdesignerstherestimulatedFord'sinterestinarchitecture.Hewent

ontopursueitasacareer.

NowFordhopestoinspirethesameinterestinotheryoungpeople.Lastyear,helaunchedhisown

architectureprogramforkidsaged10to17.Buthisprogramhasanunexpectedfeature.Campersbasetheir

designsonhip-hoplyrics.

Ford'sgoalistoinspireanewgenerationofarchitectsfromunderrepresentedcommunities."Only3%of

architectsareAfricanAmerican,9,hesaid."Mostofourbuildings,mostofourparksandpublicspaces,haveall

beendesignedbywhitemales.Ifwecanincreasediversity,theentireworldwillnowstarttoexperiencespace

fromatotallynewperspective.”

FordcallshisprogramtheHipHopArchitectureCamp.Theone-weekcampisofferedtostudentsaroundthe

country.Atthecamp,studentslistentoandreadthelyricsofhip-hopsongs.Thentheyusesomeofthoselyricsto

guidetheminplanningacityblock.Ongraphpaper,eachsquarerepresentsaword.StudentsbuildwithLegoon

eachsquarebasedonthenumberofsyllables（音节）ineachword.Intheend,theyhavewhatlookslikeacity

skyline.KidsthenuseadesignprogramcalledTinkercadtotransformtheirLegomodelsinto3Ddigitalversions.

Fordbelievesthisapproachhelpscamperslearnthatarchitectureisaboutmorethanjustconstruction."The

architect'sNumber1jobistoservepeople'sneeds,“hesays.^Architectureplaysacriticalroleindeterminingor

challenginghowpeopleliveincertaincommunities.^^

9.WhatmadeFordchangehisdreamofbeingacar-designer?

A.Participationinaprogram.B.Lackoftalentfbrcar-designing.

C.Desirefbramorepromisingcareer.D.Conversationwitharchitecturedesigners.

10.WhatisFord'sarchitectureprogramaimedat?

A.Appealingtoyoungpeople.B.Popularizinghip-popmusic.

C.Promotingdiversityinthefield.D.Connectingmusicwitharchitecture.

11.Ifyouheard“beautiful",howmanyblockswouldyouuseonthesquare?

A.1.B.2.C.3.D.4.

12.What'sFord'sopinionaboutarchitecture?

A.Itdetenninespeople'sneeds.B.Itinfluencespeople'slifestyles.

C.Itisjustaboutbuildingthings.D.Itisaboutaddingmorebuildings.

【答案与解析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲的是当迈克・福特还是个孩子的时候，他梦想成为一名汽车设计

师。但当他11岁时，一切都变了。就在那时，他参加了一个汽车设计项目，最后却学习了建筑学。并且

他认为建筑在决定或挑战人们在特定社区的生活方式方面发挥着关键作用。

9.细节理解题。根据第一,二段“WhenMikeFordwasakid,hedreamedofbeingacardesigner.Butwhenhe

was11,thingschanged.That'swhenhewenttoacar-designprogramandendeduplearningaboutarchitecture

instead.Asayoungster,Iwasluckyenoughtohavesomeconversationswiththepeoplerunningthatsummer

program,hetoldTIMEforKids.TalkingwithdesignerstherestimulatedFord'sinterestinarchitecture.Hewent

ontopursueitasacareer.-（当迈克•福特还是个孩子的时候，他梦想成为一名汽车设计师。但当他11岁时，

一切都变了。就在那时，他参加了一个汽车设计项目，最后却学习了建筑学。他告诉《儿童时代》：“作为

一个年轻人，我很幸运地与那个署期项目的负责人进行了一些交谈。”与那里的设计师交谈激发了福特对

建筑的兴趣。他继续追求它作为一种职业。）可知，与建筑设计师对话让福特改变/他成为汽车设计师的

梦想。故选D项。

10.细节理解题。根据第四段"Ford'sgoalistoinspireanewgenerationofarchitectsfromunderrepresented

communities."Only3%ofarchitectsareAfricanAmerican,hesaid."Mostofourbuildings,mostofourparks

andpublicspaces,haveallbeendesignedbywhitemales.Ifwecanincreasediversity,theentireworldwillnow

starttoexperiencespacefromatotallynewperspective.^^,^（福特的目标是激励新一代的建筑师,他们来自被低

估的社区。”只有3%的建筑师是非裔美国人，”他说。“我们大多数的建筑、公园和公共空间都是由白人男

性设计的。如果我们能增加多样性，整个世界将开始从一个全新的角度来体验空间。”）可知，福特的建

筑项目的目的是促进该领域的多样性。故选C项。

11.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“StudentsbuildwithLegooneachsquarebasedonthenumberofsyllables

ineachword.”（学生们根据每个单词的音节数在每个方格上用乐高积木。）可知，如果你听到“beautiful”为

三音节单词，你会在广场上用3块积木。故选C项。

12.细节理解题。根据最后一段"Fordbelievesthisapproachhelpscamperslearnthatarchitectureisaboutmore

thanjustconstruction.46ThearchitecfsNumber1jobistoservepeople'sneeds,“hesays."Architectureplaysa

criticalroleindeterminingorchallenginghowpeopleliveincertaincommunities.（福特认为这种方法可以帮

助露营者了解到建筑不仅仅是建筑。“建筑师的首要工作是服务于人们的需求，，，他说。“建筑在决定或挑战

人们在特定社区的生活方式方面发挥着关键作用。”）可知，福特对建筑的看法是它影响人们的生活方式。

故选B项。

4

SchaumburgDistrict54,aschooldistrictinSchaumburg,Illino,hasimplementedahappinesscurriculum.A

keycomponentofthecuiTiculumisgratitude,wherestudentsdevelopfourhabitsthattakeupjust21minuteseach

daythroughexercisesandlearntobethankfulfornotwhattheymaywant,butwhatmakesthemhappyrightnow.

Andthefourhappinesshabitsarelisted.

Twominutesofemailing

Writeatwo-minutemaximumemaileachdaypraisingorthankingadifferentpersoninyourlife.Notonly

doyouoftenreceivepositiveemailsback,butthishabitsignificantlyincreasesyoursocialconnection,whichis

thegreatestpredictoroflong-termhappinessandisalsoaspredictiveofhowlongyouwillliveasobesityorhigh

bloodpressure.

Fifteenminutesofmovement

Fifteenminutesofmovementeachdaycanbetheequaloftakinganantidepressant,andactsasagateway

drugbecausepeoplewhodothisstartaddingonentiregroupsofpositivehabits.

Twominutesofmeditation（冥想）

Twominutesofmeditation-simplywatchingyourbreathgoinandout-improvesaccuracyontasksby10

percent,significantlyreducesstress,improvessleepandraisesengagementscores.

Twominutesofjournal

Twominutesofjournalaboutapositive,meaningfulexperienceeachdaycansignificantlydecreasepain

symptomsandstressandincreasetheamountofmeaningyoufeelinyourlife.Simplythinkofonemeaningful

eventthathappenedoverthepast24hoursandthenonasheetofpaper,writedownsomedetailsyoucan

remember,whichiscalled“Doubler".Yourbrainstiugglestotellthedifferencebetweenvisualizationandactual

experience,soyouaredoublingameaningfuleventeachday.

13.Whatdoesthenewcurriculumfocuson?

A.Beinggrateful.B.Beingenergetic.C.Physicalhealth.D.Interpersonalrelationship.

14.Whichhabitpromoteyoutodevelopgoodhabits?

A.Twominutesofjournal.B.Twominutesofemailing.

C.Twominutesofmeditation.D.Fifteenminutesofmovement.

15.Whatisthebenefitofkeepingadiary?

A.Improvingsleep.B.Boostingoptimism.C.Gaininginsightintolife.D.Increasingsocialconnection.

【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了SchaumburgDistrict54是美国伊利诺斯州Schaumburg的一

个学区，该学区实施了一项幸福课程。该课程的一个关键组成部分是感恩，学生们每天只需花21分钟通

过练习养成四个习惯，并学会感恩他们可能不想要的东西，而是现在让他们快乐的东西。并且分别列出了

四个快乐的习惯。

13.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Akeycomponentofthecurriculumisgratitude,wherestudentsdevelopfour

habitsthattakeupjust21minuteseachdaythroughexercisesandlearntobethankfulfornotwhattheymaywant,

butwhatmakesthemh即pyrightnow.^^（该课程的一个关键组成部分是感恩，学生们每天只需花21分钟通

过练习养成四个习惯，并学会感恩他们可能不想要的东西，而是现在让他们快乐的东西。）可知，新课程

的重点是感恩。故选A项。

14.细节理解题。根据Fifteenminutesofmovement中“Fifteenminutesofmovementeachdaycanbetheequal

oftakinganantidepressant,andactsasagatewaydrugbecausepeoplewhodothisstartaddingonentiregroups

ofpositivehabits."（每天运动15分钟相当于服用一种抗抑郁药，它是一种入门药物，因为这样做的人开始

增加整个群体的积极习惯。）可知，每天15分钟的运动习惯促进你养成好习惯。故选D项。

15.细节理解题。根据Twominutesofjoumalt4Twominutesofjournalaboutapositive,meaningfulexperience

eachdaycansignificantlydecreasepainsymptomsandstressandincreasetheamountofmeaningyoufeelin

yourlife.Simplythinkofonemeaningfuleventthathappenedoverthepast24hoursandthenonasheetofpaper,

writedownsomedetailsyoucanremember,whichiscalled“Doubler".Yourbrainstrugglestotellthedifference

betweenvisualizationandactualexperience,soyouaredoublingameaningfuleventeachday.''（每天记录两分钟

积极的、有意义的经历，可以显著减少疼痛症状和压力，增加你生活中的意义。简单地想•个在过去24

小时内发生的有意义的事件，然后在一张纸上写下一些你能记住的细节，这被称为“加倍:你的大脑很难

区分可视化和实际体验之间的区别，所以你每天都在把有意义的事情翻倍。）可知，记I卜记的好处是获得

对生活的洞察。故选C项。

5

TheUSspaceagencyNASAhasrevealedanastonishingpicturerevealingnewsecretsoftheEarth'shome

galaxy（星系），theMilkyWay.Thesunisjustoneofhundredsofbillionsofstarsthatformthehugeshapeofour

galaxy.OursolarsystemsitsinanoutlyingregionbutthenewimagefocusesonthecentreoftheMilkyWay,a

“noisy"areabecauseofallthecrowdedstars.Lightfromthisregiontakesabout26,000yearstoreachEarth.For

comparison,lighttakesjusteightminutestoreachusfromthesun.

Theresearchersusethedatacollectedbytwotelescopesthatseetheskyinwaysthatareverydifferentfrom

thevisiblelightoureyescanseetoformthenewimage.Mostofthedatacomesfrom370differentpicturestaken

overthepast20yearsbyNASA'sChandraXObservatory.ThissatellitetelescopedetectsX-raysoutinspace.

X-raysareafromofradiationthatissentoutwhenviolenteventsheatmattertotemperaturesofmillionsof

degrees.OtherdatacomesfromtheMeerKATtelescopeinSouthAfrica,whichcandetectradiowavesfromspace.

ThesewaveshavemuchlessenergythanX-rays.Theyareusuallyproducedbycoolermaterial,suchashuge

cloudsofgasbetweenthestars.

Thebrightestsourcesincludeneutronstarswhicharethecoresofhugestarsthatranoutoffueland

collapsedtocity-sizedballsofsuperhotmatter.Manyneutronstarsandblackholesjetoutgasesthatappearin

thepictureaspurplestreaks（斑纹）.Powerfulmagneticfieldsintheareacausethejetstobendastheygetfurther

fromtheirsource.AstronomerDrDanielWang,whohasworkedontheimageoverthepastyear,saidthenew

picturedescribed“aviolentorenergeticecosystem,,.

16.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheMilkyWay?

A.Thecenterofitremainsunknown.

B.Thesunisn9tlocatedinthecenterofit.

C.Itscenterisverypeaceful.

D.Itscenterfeaturesfewerstars.

17.What'sparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Thecollectionofspacedata.

B.ThefunctionoftheMeerKATtelescope.

C.Thedifferencesofspacewaves.

D.Theformationofthenewimage.

18.Whatcanweknowaboutthegasesjettedoutbytheblackhole?

A.TheywillabsorbsuiTOundingmaterials.

B.Theywillformsuperbigmatter.

C.Theygetbentifawayfromtheirsource.

D.Theyarelikelytoexplodewhensuperheated.

19.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Ourgalaxy'sviolentheartB.Anattempttotravelinouterspace

C.RadiowavesfromouterspaceD.Stars9purplestreaks

【答案与解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了关于银河系中心不为人知的一些情况。

16.细节理解题。根据第一段"Thesunisjustoneofhundredsofbillionsofstarsthatformthehugeshapeofour

galaxy.OursolarsystemsitsinanoutlyingregionbutthenewimagefocusesonthecentreoftheMilkyWay,a

noisyareabecauseofallthecrowdedstars.（太阳只是构成银河系巨大形状的数千亿颗恒星中的一颗。我们的

太阳系位于一个偏远的区域，但新图像聚焦在银河系的中心，一个嘈杂的区域，因为所有的恒星都很拥挤）”

可知，整个太阳系都不在银河系中心，即太阳也不在银河系中心。故选B项。

17.主旨大意题。根据第二段"Theresearchersusethedatacollectedbytwotelescopesthatseetheskyinways

thatareverydifferentfromthevisiblelightoureyescanseetoformthenewimage.（研究人员使用了两台望远

镜收集的数据，它们观察天空的方式与我们肉眼看到的可见光非常不同，从而形成了新的图像）''及过程描

述可知，第二段主要讲述了银河系的新照片的形成。故选D项。

18.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Powerfulmagneticfieldsintheareacausethejetstobendastheygetfiirther

fromtheirsource4该区域的强大磁场会导致射流在远离源头时发生弯曲广可知，黑洞喷出的气体如果远离

其源头就会发生弯曲。故选C项。

19.主旨大意题°由文章最后一段“AstronomerDrDanielWang,whohasworkedontheimageoverthepast

year,saidthenewpicturedescribedaviolentorenergeticecosystem.（天文学家丹尼尔•王博士过去一年一直在

研究这幅图像，他说，这幅新图像描述了一个激烈或充满活力的生态系统）“可知，整篇文章围绕这幅新图

像展开，描述了银河系的中心是激烈或充满活力的。由此可知，Ourgalaxy'sviolentheart（我们星系狂暴的

心脏）适合作本文最佳标题。故选A项。

6

Haveahardtimewakingupwhenit'scoldout?Scientistssayyourbrainistoblame.Astudyconductedby

scientistsfromNorthwestemUniversitymadeitpossibletooffersomeexplanationsforthisphenomenon.

Theirstudyonfruitfliesshowshowseasonallycoldanddarkconditionscanprohibitneuronswithinthefly

brainthatpromoteactivityandwakefulnessfromsendingoutsignals,particularlyinthemorning.Ithelps

explainswhy,forbothfliesandhumans,itissohardtowakeupinthemorninginwinter.

“Bystudyingbehaviorsinafruitfly,wecanbetterunderstandhowandwhytemperatureissovitalto

regulatesleep,vsaidMarcoGallio,associateprofessorofneurobiologyintheWeinbergCollegeofArtsand

Sciences.

Thestudydescribesforthefirsttime“absolutecold^^receptorsintheflyantenna,whichrespondto

temperatureonlybelowthefly's44comfbrtzone^^ofabout25℃.Havingrecognizedthoseneurons,theresearchers

followedthemallthewaytotheirtargetswithinthebrain.Theyfoundtheirtargetsareasmallgroupofbrain

neuronsthatarepartofalargernetworkthatcontrolsrhythmsofactivityandsleep.Whentheneuronsthey

discoveredareactive,thetargetcells,whichnormallyaremadeactivebymorninglight,areshutdown.

''Temperaturesensingisoneofthemostfundamentalabilities,vsaidGallio,whosegroupisoneofonlyafew

intheworldthataresystematicallystudyingtemperaturesensinginfruitflies."Theprincipleswearefindingin

theflybrain,thelogicandorganization,maybethesameallthewaytohumans.Andfuturestudiesonhuman

brainwillsurelyfindsomereferenceinformationinthisstudy.”

20.Whyisithardforfliestowakeupincoldmornings?

A.Coldconditionsdisabletheantennasofflies.

B.Flicshavefewerneuronsinthebrainthanhumans.

C.Coldnessstopsflies'neuronsfromfunctioningwell.

D.Flies'neuronscontrollingwakefulnessaredamaged.

21.Whatdoweknowaboutthestudy?

A.Itfocusesmainlyonhowflybrainswork.

B.Ithelpsexplainhowtemperatureaffectssleep.

C.Itaimsatsolvinghumans'sleepingproblems.

D.Itshowsthesimilaritiesbetweenflybrainsandhumanbrains.

22.Whichpartofafruitflywillbemadeactivewhenitiscold?

A.Itsantenna.B.Itstargetcells.

C.Its''absolutecold”receptors.D.Itsnetworkcontrollingsleep.

23.What'sGallio'sattitudetowardsthepracticalvalueofthefindings?

A.Positive.B.Doubtful.C.Ambiguous.D.Disappointed.

【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项有关温度影响睡眠的研究。

20.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theirstudyonfruitfliesshowshowseasonallycoldanddarkconditionscan

prohibitneuronswithintheflybrainthatpromoteactivityandwakefulnessfromsendingoutsignals,particularly

inthemorning.（他们对果蝇的研究表明，季节性寒冷和黑暗的环境会阻止果蝇大脑中促进活动和清醒的神

经元发出信号，尤其是在早上厂可知，果蝇在寒冷的早晨很难醒来因为寒冷阻止果蝇神经元正常工作。故

选C。

21.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Bystudyingbehaviorsinafruitfly,wecanbetterunderstandhowandwhy

temperatureis